The uchitsanya tii clipper

Negore regumi namapfumbamwe remakore hurukuro nenhumbi muEngland akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze uchibatsirwa hombe pangarava. Akatakura pamwaka zvinhu musha, vashandi vemo vaikwikwidzana pamwe chete mu nokukurumidza. Munhoroondo zviitiko zvakadaro zvinosanganisira marudzi ari tii clipper. zvokuchenesa akaedza kutanga kusvika pa kwavaienda. Vakawanda okuti "tii-clipper" rine chokuita mukuru-nokukurumidza chikepe.

Nei akadana sailboats?

Negore regumi namapfumbamwe remakore, vatengesi vakagamuchira vaiteererwa purofiti kubva tii kutengeserana, iyo yaitakurwa kubva China kuEngland. The pfuma chigadzirwa ichi hazvivaodzi uye kufambisa ose Rinofembedza ose akabata akamanikidzira vatengesi kusiya kushandisa ngarava wekare, chokufambisa izvo zvinogona kugara kwerinenge gore. Refu Time senga kunokanganisa kunaka chigadzirwa. Sezvo they yaiva inonyanya zvekuti nechikepe zvikwata akaedza nekukurumidza kusunungura kunzvimbo, zvikepe-vatakuri dzainzi tii clippers. The uchitsanya chikepe pakutanga vakapakata maseiri. In Chirungu mutauro clipper - chikepe kwakasimbiswa rig. Nokufamba kwenguva, mashoko akatanga vashandi chikepe chiutsi michini, asi shure kwavo uye akapiwa zita "clipper tii."

nyaya

Pakutanga, they clippers (the uchitsanya pangarava) dzakavakwa Baltimore. Kwavaienda waiva zvokufambisa varanda uye nechitsotsi. Kusiyana dzavo vamutangira, ngarava payakanga vakapakata maseiri, zvakasiyana, zvichienzaniswa kwakajairika pangarava, yakakura. Uyezve, unopinza contours vaiva mamirire uye mukuru pakusimba kwenguva itsva mukachikepe Hull. Inzwi rakati dererei akabata kumhanya - mupepa nedhimoni tii clippers.

The uchitsanya Zvikepe zvave dzinodhura kwazvo. Kuvaka imwe kana mukachikepe chata, kwaidiwa yakawanda upfumi zvemari. Asi nokuda kumhanya aiva tii clipper (chikepe mapikicha akurukurwa munyaya), vose mubhizimisi kunobatsira mune imwe rwendo.

Izvi zvakakwanisika nokuda akakurumbira chaizvo apo muchimhanya. Between varidzi vezvikepe kazhinji wager they uri guru kwazvo mari. The chikwata muchikepe, kuuya pakutanga, vakagamuchira mari yakawanda kanoverengeka kupfuura zvokuchenesa nechikepe wechipiri kana wechitatu. Saka, zvinhu mubayiro wakanaka zvinovakurudzira chikwata chimwe nechimwe. Vashambadziri vagamuchirawo nhumbi wayo yepakutanga munuhwi.

Rig Baltimore Zvikepe

Baltimore Zvikepe akatumidza schooner wokutanga chaizvo uye brigantine, pachishandiswa izvo they clippers zvakasikwa. The uchitsanya pangarava dzakavakwa America. Developers mudziyo vakapakata maseiri makuru kwazvo, masts kurerekera kurutivi shure. Rig yaiva mahwanda Marseille uye vaterseyley kubvumira kufambisa kudzora muchikepe, uyewo studdingsail, naro anowedzera zvikuru windage yavo.

The Golden Age yetii clippers

Nokutsanya pangarava dzakavakwa 1820. Mumakumi emakore mashoma, havana vakashanduka nokukurumidza. Golden nguva for tea clippers dzakawira mumakore 1850-1860. Panguva iyi akasika chaizvo kutsanya sailboats. Pakazopera rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore, yakakurumbira nguva yapera. Vakatsiviwa mudziyo nepokuongorora hwemvura injini.

havukavu

Created tii clippers (uchitsanya motokari) kushandisa pakureba uye upamhi reshiyo: 6: 1, apo chinogamuchirika vanhuwo chaienda akatenda 3 (4) 1. Nokuda izvi zvakagadzirwa zvakagadzirwa Hull kupa dzakakwirira streamlined, achivabvumira nyore dissect wave. Somugumisiro, gumi change - ndiko Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri nokukurumidza, yakanga tii clippers - the uchitsanya pangarava. Vamwe vavo vaiva nokukurumidza anenge gumi nodes (rimwe raiva pedyo nebundu imwe nautical maira paawa, i.e. 1852 mamita).

Aishandisa sailboats?

With mukuru-nokukurumidza tii clipper rakashandiswa vengarava, privateers, filibuster, zvisiri pamutemo, vatengesi, vatakuri varanda uye murindi yepamhenderekedzo. Vamwe vakashandisa mukuru-nokukurumidza mudziyo kusiya achitevera, imwe nechinangwa kusunga. Over nguva, yako tii clipper raiva neimwe mugungwa ezvinhu.

zvikepe Thermopylae

Vatsvakurudzi vazhinji vanodavira kuti vose chikepe yaitonga yaiva yakanaka uye uchitsanya chikepe. Tea clipper yakaitwa arayire kubudikidza White Star Line. The Chirongwa yakazokudziridzwa muLondon sainjiniya Bernard Shona.

kambani iyi specialized ari rwendo mitsetse. Vashandi of chekambani kunozivikanwa "Titanic" akasikwa panguva. The zvakasimba wava chiratidzo kunyeredzi chena dzvuku background. chiratidzo ichi yaiva pamusoro pennant Thermopylae, iyo yakatanga kufamba muna 1868 pedyo neguta Aberdeen (Scotland). Zita rake rakanga kukudzwa clipper Thermopylae Gorge, apo muna 480 BC, vaGiriki vakaita hondo reropa chete nevaPezhiya.

chipo All panguva anoburukira they clipper mumvura chaizvo itsva mukachikepe: muviri wake wakange zvikuru yakakwana, kurutivi yerima girini uye yakanaka chena rechikepe.

Nokuda kwayo kwazvo seaworthiness clipper ichi kwemakore maviri akakwanisa kurova rekodhi kare wakasiyiwa American chikepe "James Baines ': kwamazuva 63, rakafukidza kure kuLondon kuti Melbourne. For sailboats, ichi mugumisiro nanhasi zvakanakisisa.

Features mukachikepe

Maererano netsamba wenhoroondo British Beyzila Laboka, "Thermopylae" akanga ichazivikanwa noku zvinoshamisa kukwanisa andobata kunyange zviduku nzizi mhepo. Somugumisiro, zvaibvira kufamba zvakanaka pamusoro uriri ane kwakarivhenekera mwenje, uye chikepe anoramba kuenda pane imwe kumhanya nokusunungura mapfundo nomwe.

• Tea clipper aiva kureba kusvika 65 mamita.
• Yakafara aiva 11 mamita.
• Mukachikepe ane slump matanhatu nehafu mamita.
• Kukwanisa: 948 reg.t.
• Underdeck reshiyo: 0,58.
• Spaciousness Holds aiva matani 11.

Mune mamwe marudzi chikepe akatora chikamu?

Muna 1872, mumwe muvengi kuna Thermopylae aiva they clipper "Cutty Sark". Competition Route: Shanghai - London. Victory mune marudzi aya akunda Thermopylae. Vainyeperwa gozvo mu "Cutty Sark" clipper vakasunga izvi vhiki imwe. Makore gumi gare gare, vaviri akasangana zvakare chikepe apo kutamira Australia. Mumadzinza izvi, "Cutty Sark" akakwanisa kutsiva.

Thermopylae akaisa zvinyorwa zviviri kuti akakundikana kurova chero they clipper: The kure Melbourne kuna Shanghai chikepe vakaputsa anenge pamwedzi, uye kure pakati Shanghai uye London clipper wakaitwa kwemwedzi mitatu.

Muna 1887, Britain akawana Thermopylae. rave richishandiswa okupedzisira makore ake gumi sezvo mungarava kurovedza. Pakazosvika 1907, muviri wake ndaneta kuti kwakasarudzwa kunyora kure uye kunyura chikepe. Nokukurumidza Thermopylae akanga torpedoed. Muna 2003, zvisaririra chikepe kwakawanwa mumvura pedyo Lisbon.

Wokupedzisira tii clipper

"Cutty Sark" ndiyo ichangoburwa kumusoro-nokukurumidza nechikepe chikepe, iyo inozivikanwa munyika yose nokuda kwayo yakakwirira seaworthiness. Created muna 1869, ngarava akaramba kusvikira nhasi. Izvi tii clipper, kufanana chero raanoziva, ine nhoroondo yacho. It rakavakwa sezvakarayirwa British wengarava Dzhona Uillisa. Pasinei nokuti chikepe zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga ne nesimbi, Dzhon Uillis aida kuva muridzi chikepe rengarava. The chikuru basa chikepe chaiva ukurumidze tii kubva China kuBritain. On sezvakarayirwa vashandi 'Scott uye Linton "achitungamirirwa muchikepe vatenzi pamusoro Hercules Linton. The chikepe itsva, kusafanana nedzimwe mukuru-nokukurumidza chaienda, akanga vakapakata kumusoro shure simba. mhinduro iyi rinovaka dutu vakatadza kunzwisisa vashandi muchikepe. Pasina kupedza paungano dzimba pakati remangwana they clipper, muna 1869 zvakasimba "Scott uye Linton" kusauka. Mukachikepe kuvaka akatora yakasiyana kambani, uchishandisa vanodhirowa ose Hercules Linton.

By design, clipper iri mhando ngarava rinoumba: inoitwa munhu yakatarwa resimbi, akafukidza matanda kuvanga. Muchiitiko chino, nokuti kufukidza chikamu clipper, riri kumusoro waterline, vashandi vaishandisa Teak. Muchikepe pazasi waterline rakagadzirwa nemiterebhini Thomas (dombo elm). Kushandiswa akajeka ndiro pasi nendarira.

Mudziyo une zvinotevera unhu:

• "Katti Surk" aiva kureba 85,4 m.
• Upamhi - 11,2 m.
• Mainmast kureba aitarisira 46 m.
• The zvachose nzvimbo ngarava yaiva 2985 sq.m.
• Musha matani 2130.
• Sailing chikepe vakapakata masts matatu.

Muchikepe Hull akanga kupendwa dema, akatarira kunyanya yakanaka zviviri zvendarama mutsetse. Sezvo Kushongedza vaishandisa yendarama welaurel mashizha.

"Star of India" akaratidzwa ari muviri. Vasingaverengi akanyorwa chipo muchimiro denderedzwa, iyo verenga: ". Chiedza kudenga achatiratidza nzira" Uyewo, nyaya yave yakashongedzwa tsamba «W», izvo Kunobva chezuva - rudzi chiratidzo wengarava.

By matsutso 1869 chikepe agadzirira chikepe. Muna November, zvakanga kwakatangwa pamusoro River Clyde.

Nezvekwakabva zita wechikepe

Tea clipper ainzi, iyo panguva kwainzi chinoshamisa kwazvo. Dzhon Uillis pakutanga aida zita chikepe "Sea Witch". Asi sezvo zita iri rakanga ndotodururwa kushandiswa neimwe chikepe, muridzi wengarava akasarudza zita chikepe chavo, kufanana heroine ane detembo Roberta Bernsa 'Tam O'Shenter ". With Scotch Cutty Sark rinoreva "pfupi hembe". Ndiyo "pfupi-Nan-hembe" yainzi muroyi, izvo kazhinji vaitya nevana vaduku muScotland. Kusiyana wengarava, vafambisi vechikepe, kunzwa zita remangwana clipper, havana nechido. Izvi imhaka mashura pakuona zvakavapoteredza. Vafambisi Kazhinji akaenda rwendo neChishanu aitya dema katsi uye nhamba "13". Vanotenda zvakare kuti ane zita mudziyo yakadaro kuchaguma norufu muchikepe yayo rikarira. Vakawanda vafambisi vakakumbira wengarava kushandura zita tii clipper, asi Dzhon Uillis aiva nechokwadi chokuti chikepe rake akamirira kwenguva refu uye kufara mugumo.

Mufananidzo wacho muroyi akava chishongo uta they clipper. Mune nhetembo, muridzi wengarava kunyanya aida nguva duku muroyi achitevera Tom yabata bhiza racho muswe. Chiitiko ichi Dzhon Uillis akasarudza kutotaura wenguva uta chikepe chake. Akarayira nhamba inomiririra muroyi izvo okusungisa ari elongated ruoko danda Kaudha equina.

Munhau yacho mukachikepe kazhinji apinda nedutu, zvikaguma kuti muroyi rave akarasika musoro wake uye akatambanudza ruoko rwake. Kurasika ari gungwa zvinhu vaifanira kufunga nguva neimwe kudzorera zvakare. New musoro uye maoko, "Nan-pfupi-shirts" akatarira kwete zvishoma zvikuru.

Mukachikepe uya mukurumbira?

Muna 1872, panguva machisi pamwe kunozivikanwa nechikepe chikepe "Thermopylae" mu "Cutty Sark" Ini akaputsa. Somugumisiro dutu hwasvika mudziyo chakarasika vhiri. Mukuru aifanira kuchengeta chikepe nemhepo, achishandisa mugungwa. Panguva iyoyowo kushanda zvakananga pamusoro uriri mubasa mukugadzira pamusoro kupembedza vhiri. A gomo duku mune chinochechenya echoto nechepamusoro munhu mututu mhepo yakasimba yakanga Akawisira. Mwanakomana mukuru, kuti kudza Mvuto panguva ino, ndaitosvika vakazoguma kupisa anopisa. The dutu haana kumira kwemazuva masere, iyo yekudyidzana kudziviswa vhiri mukugadzira rikurumidze. Aitungamirira basa remhizha Henry Henderson. Gare gare, zita rake uchaburuka mu British mugungwa munhoroondo.

Vainyeperwa gozvo akakonzera kurasikirwa "Cutty Sark". Pasinei chokwadi kuti they clipper akasvika panzvimbo imwe vhiki mushure "Thermopylae," akarangarira kuti Captain nemishonga, vakasarudza kuenda kure, uye pakugadzira zvakananga pamatunhu makungwa. Tichibatsirwa kugadzirwa gozvo vashandi akakwanisa kuramba nhangemutange uye kupinda nhoroondo Chirungu wekushandisa.

The mberi kutapwa mukuru-nokukurumidza mudziyo

With nguva kushambira kuti China for tea vakava maturo. Nokuda kwokushayikwa Whitehead Textile kugadzirwa muEngland, ngarava raishandiswa chokufambisa dzemakwai kubva Australia. Clipper nguva abatwa dutu. Pasinei chokwadi kuti mune rimwe Reisen izvi kuna "Cutty Sark" zvose masts dzakaparadzwa, nhoroondo clipper asingadi kugumira ipapo.

Muna 1895, kuti "Cutty Sark" akatenga Portuguese kambani "Ferreira". Zvadaro mukachikepe kakawanda resold uye vagadzirise, kuunza kwake chikepe rig chikatsiviwa zvakawanda nyore kushandisa chaienda (barquentine). Muna 1922, "Cutty Sark" vakatengwa Captain Wilfred Dome. Clipper yadzoswa kuti dzacho yepakutanga, uye akashandiswa sezvo ngarava kudzidzisa munhu mira. Nhasi, ngarava iri chikepe Museum, uye Taigamuchira yakaoma dhoku muna Greenwich (England).

mhedziso

Tea clipper "Cutty Sark", pasinei vose zvavaityira mashura vafambisi vengarava, chainyanya kufara uye kubudirira chikepe. Iye hakudzambiri kumwe pamusoro penyanza pasi, uye ndiyo chindori ari London building. Ona Runako rokupedzisira tii clipper anogona kuva munhu.