The Organization for Security uye Cooperation mu Europe (OSCE): mamiriro, chinangwa

The Organization for Security uye Cooperation mu Europe - chinokosha neIntergovernmental muviri ane basa chikuru ndiko kuramba rugare uye kutsiga pamusoro kondinendi. Nhoroondo mamiriro ichi ane zvinopfuura chimwe gumi. Asi kubudirira chaiye sangano refu vanofamba kusawirirana. Ngationei chii Organization for Security uye Cooperation muEurope, dzidza chinangwa chawo chikuru uye basa, uyewo nhoroondo pfupi nemabasa.

History chokusika

Chokutanga, tinoona mamiriro ezvinhu umo OSCE yakatangwa.

Pfungwa convening musangano vamiririri States iyo vakashanda kunze mukuru Misimboti yemarudzi mutemo mudunhu, yakatanga yakazivisa muBucharest muna 1966, vamiririri European nyika yacho mugovanisi kumusasa, vaiva chikamu MAD chikwata. Gare gare, anotanga chakatsigirwa France nedzimwe nyika dzokuMadokero. Asi akaita inokosha mupiro nezvenzvimbo Finland. nyika iyi aida kugara naHama misangano iyi yake guru - Helsinki.

Rokutanga kubvunza danho kwakaitika June 1973 kusvikira November 1972. Musangano achiitiswa vamiririri 33 nyika dzokuEurope, uyewo Canada neUnited States. Panguva iyi, mairi vachinzi kupa nhungamiro mukuru uchiwedzera pamwe, akambochera mitemo nzira uye wenyaya hurukuro.

Pakarepo musangano wokutanga yakaitwa mangwanani July 1973. Musi uyu unogamuchirwa kuverenga OSCE. Panguva iyi iri kukurukurwa vashumiri yokumwe akatora chikamu munyika dzose European kunze Albania, uye vaviri North America. Vakanga vakawana pamungawirirana pamusoro pezvidzidzo, izvo zvinoratidzwa "Zvinotarisirwa Final".

In Danho rechipiri, kwakaitika kuGeneva kubva September 1973 kusvika July 1975, vamiririri makaita nyika kujekesa inokosha pfungwa vakawanda pamwe, zvekuti zvakazara kundosangana zvido zvevanhu vose, uye chikwata nyaya dzose.

The pakarepo kusaina yokupedzisira chiito kwakaitika mukupera July - mangwanani August 1975 muna Helsinki. Rakanga wakapindwa kumusoro vatungamiriri vose 35 makaita kunyika. Kwokupedzisira chibvumirano akanga pamutemo ainzi "The Final Act of CSCE," uye kwakasarudzwa kurongwa kureva Helsinki Kunoenderana.

The chikuru zvokudya of Helsinki Kunoenderana

Zvakazoitika Gwaro iri Helsinki zvibvumirano vakanga formalized migumisiro Hondo Yenyika II. Uyezve, 10 zvikuru Misimboti dzakawanda mumatare ukama kunge yakatanga. Pakati pavo tinofanira kusimbisa pfungwa yacho inviolability aripo miganhu miganhu nyika dzokuEurope, asiri chipingaidzo, wakaenzana States, kuremekedza dzinokosha rusununguko, kodzero marudzi yokusarudza mugumo wavo.

Uyezve, urongwa vave akagadzirirwa mukuru ukama tsika, vemauto, enyika, ezvemitemo uye unhu mabhora.

The pakuzadzisa sangano

mu Europe (CSCE) Kubvira zvino Security uye Cooperation Council akatanga kuungana nguva dzose. Musangano wakaitwa muBelgrade (1977-1978), Madrid (1980-1983), Stockholm (1984), uye muna Vienna (1986).

Mumwe rinonyatsooneka waiva musangano kuParis muna September 1990, yakanga wakapindwa mukuru kurapa kubatanidzwa nyika. It kushandisa yakakurumbira Charter kweParis, izvo kwakaratidza kuguma kweHondo Yemashoko, akasaina chibvumirano mumaoko, uyewo zvinokosha nesangano chinyatsotsanangurwa zvimwe yokubvunza.

Panguva Moscow musangano muna 1991 nayo chisarudzo musi dzevanhu zvinokosha pamusoro mitemo yenyika.

Muna 1992, pamusangano mu Helsinki kwaiva reformat ari CSCE. Kare, iye, chokwadi, aiva Forum pakukurukurirana Kutarisira kubudikidza Member States, kuti kubvira panguva iyoyo akatanga kuva sangano dzakazara zvachose. Mugore iroro munyika Stockholm akatanga mumhanyi itsva - the CSCE Secretary General.

Muna 1993, pamusangano wakaitwa muRoma, chibvumirano chakaitwa musi pokugadzwa Standing Committee, apo anotora nyika akatuma nhume dzavo kumiririra.

Nokudaro, CSCE vari kuramba akatanga kuwana zviri kushanda zvachose sangano. Kuunza zita chakazoitwa maererano chaiko zvinowanika muna 1994 muBudapest kuti yava CSCE haangavi kunzi zvimwe kupfuura Security uye Cooperation mu Europe (OSCE). Urongwa uhwu akapinda simba kubva pakutanga 1995.

Pashure pomusangano inokosha iyi OSCE nhume dzakaitwa Lisbon (1996), Copenhagen (1997), Oslo (1998), Istanbul (1999), Vienna (2000), muBucharest (2001), Lisbon (2002), Maastricht (2003), Sofia ( 2004), muLjubljana (2005), Astana (2010). On forum izvi kukurukura remunharaunda kuchengeteka nyaya, ugandanga, separatism, kodzero dzevanhu nyaya.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti, kubvira 2003, nzvimbo reRussia OSCE iri kazhinji zvakasiyana maonero vakawanda dzimwe kubatanidzwa nyika. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vazhinji zvakafanana mhinduro dziri kuvharidzirwa. Pane imwe nguva kwakanga hurukuro zvichibvira kushaya weRussia kubva sangano.

zvinangwa

Huru zvinangwa, wakaiswa pachavo OSCE nyika, ndiko kubudirira rugare uye nokugarika Europe. Kuti aite basa iri, sangano iri kuitika pakugadzirisa kusawirirana pakati masimba uye mukati nhengo rinoti, anodzora yokuwedzera kwezvombo, kuitisa nedzenyu mabasa kuzvidzivirira hunhu kuitira kudzivisa zvinobvira kurwisana.

The sangano monitors mamiriro zvoupfumi uye zvakatipoteredza munzvimbo, uyewo kuchengetwa kwekodzero dzevanhu muEurope. OSCE mabasa chinangwa kuita richiona nesarudzo papfungwa nyika nokutuma vaiona zvavo. The sangano anokurudzira kukura nevanhu masangano.

Kutora nyika

Kudeuka vamiririrwe sangano Europe ine zvoga. OSCE zvavo, ane 57 nhengo nyika. Kunze Europe, sangano zvakananga kwaibatanidza nyika maviri North America (Canada uye USA), uyewo dzakawanda Asian (Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, uye zvichingodaro. D.)

Asi bato chinzvimbo - haasi chete huripo musangano. Kushandira Pamwe shamwari dziri seva Afghanistan, Tunisia, Morocco, Israeri uye dzimwe nyika dzinoverengeka.

Sechivako miviri OSCE

nokuti Security uye Cooperation muna Europe ine zvikuru chaizvo utariri mamiriro.

Kugadzirisa anokosha nyaya yose hunhu, kuenda Summit misoro veHurumende uye Government. Ndizvo chisarudzo womuviri uyu rinokosha. Asi zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pamusangano wokupedzisira kwakadaro wakaitwa muna 2010 muna Astana, uye napamberi kuti - chete muna 1999.

Kusiyana Summit, Council of Vashumiri Foreign vanosangana pagore. Mukuwedzera nezvemasangano kupfuura dzinokosha, ayo basa iri nesananguro Munyori General zvesangano.

The OSCE Permanent Council - chikuru mutumbi mamiriro, iyo inoshanda pahwaro yechigarire uye rinoungana vhiki nevhiki muVienna. Ari mubasa kukurukura nyaya dzakamutswa uye zvisarudzo pamusoro pavo. Vanotungamira simba kuita sachigaro.

Uyezve, zvinokosha STRUCTURAL miviri OSCE Parliamentary Assembly ndiro Office for Democratic Institutions musi Security Cooperation Forum.

Top vakuru OSCE vaiona kuti kuita sachigaro uye munyori mukuru. The kukosha mbiru iyi uye pane zvimwe STRUCTURAL miviri OSCE, tichataura zvikuru gare gare.

The Sachigaro-mu

Management uye sangano iri OSCE iri mubasa mberi mabasa kuita sachigaro.

nzvimbo iyi dzaidzidziswa gurukota Foreign Affairs iyo nyika, izvo gore rino chair ari OSCE. Muna 2016, basa iri honorary anoita Germany, izvo zvinoreva kuti sachigaro OSCE ndiye German Minister Foreign Frank-Walter Steinmeier. Muna 2015, nzvimbo maigara akati mumiririri muSerbia Ivitsa Dachich.

Sachigaro basa riri kutungamirira basa OSCE miviri, uyewo cherudo sangano panguva dzakawanda chechetere. Somuenzaniso, Ivitsa Dachich muna 2015 akatora Zvinoshingaira iri kugarwa yokurwisana muUkraine.

Secretary General

Chinonyanya kukosha pambiru yechipiri musangano - Secretary General. Sarudzo chinzvimbo akasungwa pamakore matatu, kuti Council of Vashumiri. Panguva iyoyo, vakawanda munyori ndiye Italian Lamberto Zannier.

Masimba Munyori General inosanganisira kurapa sangano parutivi revanyori, ndiko kuti, zvamazvirokwazvo musoro kutarisira. Uyezve, munhu uyu anoita se mumiririri OSCE panguva pasina sachigaro.

The Parliamentary Assembly

The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly rinoumbwa vamiririri vose 57 kuvashanu. mamiriro Izvi rakavambwa muna 1992 sesangano Inter-reparamende. Zvinosanganisira wevatariri kupfuura 300, izvo vamiririri pakati parliaments of Member States.

Dzimbahwe muviri ichi yakavakirwa muCopenhagen. Top vakuru Parliamentary Assembly sachigaro uye munyori mukuru.

zvachose uye kushandiswa makomiti matatu kushanda yechinangwa Vachipfuurira.

tsoropodzo

Munguva ichangopfuura, vakawanda vakawedzera kutsoropodzwa sangano. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinoti panguva iyoyo OSCE haasi kukwanisa kugadzirisa here kiyi matambudziko uye anofanira kudzorwa. Nokuda hunhu sarudzo, zvisarudzo zvakawanda vanotsigirwa nenhengo dzakawanda vashoma zvinogona kuvharidzirwa.

Uyezve, pane neizvi, kana kunyange OSCE sarudzo hadzina vaurayiwa.

OSCE Meaning

Pasinei zvose zvikanganiso, zvakaoma kuona kukosha OSCE. Sangano Iri chikuva apo anotora nyika vanogona kuwirirana pamusoro gakava nyaya, kugadzirisa kusawirirana, kuti kubvumirana Joint nechinzvimbo pamusoro kugadzirisa dambudziko chaiwo. Mukuwedzera, sangano akaita zvikuru kuita kuti pave dzevanhu munyika dzokuEurope uye democratization kwenzanga.

Regai kukanganwa kuti panguva Hondo Yemashoko yakasiyiwa isina muduku nokuda yokubvunza mukati CSCE. Panguva iyoyo tinofanira kuedza nechokwadi kuti enyika uye unhu hutsva matambudziko, sangano akatora musoro-mberi. Uye zvinoda kuita kuchinja zvinhu OSCE.