Yakatotsakatika mhando notumwe. Rare uye pangozi mhando notumwe, nemhuka Russia Red Book

Achiunganidza Howa mumasango, vashoma tifunge pamusoro chokwadi kuti, kufanana nevamwe nemhuka vangava vava kuda kutsakatika. Vamwe iyo kare yakatotsakatika uye handichisiri kukura munyika yedu. Chii ichi yakatotsakatika mhando howa? Uye ndeapi Parizvino pangozi kutsakatika?

Chii basa howa ari pose mararamiro?

Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti howa vari chete zvinodiwa rinodyiwa nevanhu. Chokwadi, havana chakanaka uye zvakakanyiwa namafuta uye akabika uye waoma, uye pickled siyana. Zvisinei, kuwedzera ndichipfeka kubvisa munhu kunzwa nzara, vatambe guru basa rose mararamiro. Chokwadi kuti howa ndiwo hunokosha chinhu chinokosha kwete chete kune vanhu asiwo yose hwezvisikwa.

Somuenzaniso, saprophytic fungal mhando bikurudza residues vasingafarirwi uye zvibereko zvimwe zvinomera upenyu, uyewo panguva simba vadzoke chikamu zvinhu shure muvhu. Kana ichi akagurwa howa zvinhu nyore kunyura nezvimwe nhengo mararamiro. Ndezvipi isingawanzowanikwi uye pangozi kuti notumwe, verenga mberi.

Mycorrhizal notumwe kuti kukura pamiti, kubatsira kupa kwayo "symbiotic vavakidzani 'kudiwa kuti unyoro. Yeasts vanoonekwa rakanakisisa mbishi zvinhu zvokudya indasitiri. Penicillin zvaishandiswa pakugadzira penicillin.

Muchidimbu, howa dzinokosha uye zvakakodzera kuti kusimudzira zvakakwana zvinomera, mhuka uye vanhu. Zvisinei, nokuda kushatiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, nokuda kwemiti, vazhinji vavo vari vava kuda kutsakatika. Gore negore pangozi mhando howa chete kukura. Vanoverengeka anobatsira kwemarudzi kunoderedza. Kudzivisa kutsakatika mhando howa, zvakafanira kuziva chaizvo mhando kuri pangozi.

Amanita pineal, kana kukwikwidza yokutanga kutsakatika

Mumwe wokutanga mhando notumwe ari pamazita ndiyo isingawanzowanikwi Amanita Strobiliformis. Zviri akanaka akanaka mumiririri howa pamwe chena hunde uye chivharo. Ane chena dzine pulp, uye makuru chisina kutsetseka zviyero, hombe, vanenge bhati mhete pakati pamakumbo. Its kureba 8-15 masendimita nohupamhi -. 4.2 masendimita adarika zera vamiriri ichi mhando vane maitiro nemitsetse muenzaniso fringing rutsoka chakuvhe.

Zvinoshamisa, ichi howa mashoma zvinoreva dzinodyiwa. Zvinogona kukanganisa uye pashure pretreatment kudya pasina kutya nomuchetura. Kana uchifarira pangozi Howa muRussia, ichi ndicho mhando rinoda kuchengetedzwa chaizvo. Maererano rokutanga ruzivo, kuti pineal amanita anogona kuwanikwa pomuouki mumasango ari Belgorod nharaunda.

Sparassis crispa, howa kana makabheji

The howa chechipiri vanoda kudzivirirwa - sparassis crispa. Nokuda kujairika nemamiriro chivharo unowanzonzi howa kana akatsemuka makabheji. Apo neapo dzinodyiwa chakuvhe, kuva nemhuri sparassidaceae.

Nechokunze, zvinoita sokunge munhu gungwa chipanji kana musoro duku makabheji iri rakawedzerwa muchimiro. musoro wayo ane idenderedzwa kana irregularly idenderedzwa chimiro 5-20 masendimita kureba uye vanenge 6-30 masendimita pahupamhi. Dzimwe kurema inoshamisa Somuenzaniso vanogona kusvika 6-10 makirogiramu. Kukura kuti pedyo miti uye stumps mhando iyi.

Zvinogona kuva nezvechisarudzo haizoshandisi mu pangozi Howa muRussia, sezvo richiwanika munyika yedu apo neapo. Nechikonzero chimwe chete nayo sparassis yakanga rwakaiswa pangozi. Panguva kuunganidza yaro zvakasikwa zviri zvachose wairambidza, saka artificially vamwe vanoda notumwe akaberekwa naye.

Aine tsono, asi tyoni

Chechienzi mamiriro ane mumwe mumiririri pangozi notumwe - raincoat tsono. It kunoratidzwa pamberi rwakapoteredza neheti pamwe vakawanda spines. The dhayamita muviri wayo -. Masendimita 2-4 chete Zvinonzi vakapakata huru kumativi musoro-chivharo uye makumbo pfupi. Anogara chakuvhe izvi unyengeri coniferous uye masango Deciduous. Vanokura huni uye yakafukidzwa ora. Pane makopi kuroorwa.

Pangozi Howa Red Book: Boletus chena

Chimwe dzinodyiwa howa akanaka, ayo tikatyisidzirwa kutsakatika - Boletus chena. It ndohwaJehovha genus Lektsinum uye ane chena ruvara mamirire uye kunhuwa yakachena howa. It elongate gumbo navaduku kana chiedza brownish flake oblong uye vakagumisa musoro diki ine maonero dhayamita vanenge 25 cm.

Kusangana howa ichi kunogona kuve Leningrad, Penza, Murmansk uye Moscow kumatunhu.

Kunyangarika howa Kukuvadzwa kana Gyroporus Cyanescens

Kana uchifarira mashoma uye pangozi Howa, unofanira kuteerera zvinoshamisa howa mbundishire. Ndezvipi zvachiri? Izvi howa guru chiine ngowani, otonga dhayamita pamusoro 5-15 cm. It ane sandarara kana zvishoma convex ndachena mashava kana shava-yellow hat. gumbo rake zvakanaka gobvu, aine thickening nechepasi. Kureba makumbo, yemanyorero ndiyo 5-10 masendimita pakukora - kubva 1.5 3 cm.

Kana iwe uchatumbura howa uye nokutyora, tinogona kuona kuti ake gumbo kutsemuka inokosha ruvara kuchinja. Iye achadzorera yebhuruu kana pepuru. Tsvaga chakuvhe inogona hwakakanyiwa kana Deciduous masango pasi birches, pemiouki uye Chestnut miti. Zvisinei, zvisikwa zviri zvikuru zvisingawanzoitiki, saka kuchitaurwa sezvo panjodzi.

Red howa pamwe vherevheti ngowani

Kuteerera marudzi ose pangozi yemiti uye hunokuvadza, hatigoni nezvoUmambo Chestnut howa. Ichi chakanaka siyana pileate tubular howa ane dzinde rimwe brownish ruvara, negomba mukati. Zvinoita yakaita chena chakuvhe, kusiyana chii ane Chestnut mashava kana tsvuku mashava chivharo ane dhayamita kubva 40 kusvika 110 mm.

Inogona kuonekwa kuCaucasus kumaodzanyemba Russia uye muWestern Siberia. Inokura kunyanya nguva kubva Chikunguru kuna September. Zviri apo neapo zvakasikwa, uye saka vanobatanidzwa Red Book.

Rare Grifola frondosa, kana chakuvhe-gondohwe

Pakupindura ndezvipi isingawanzowanikwi uye pangozi kuti notumwe, kuteerera Grifola frondosa. Pamabhuku dzinodyiwa howa rine kujairika crispy muchero muviri chivako pamwe vanenge 80 cm. Kazhinji notumwe izvi vanokwanisa kuita zvakawanda kupfuura 10 makirogiramu.

Kazhinji, howa-gondohwe ine vakawanda duku sandara ngowani haisi anopfuura 10 masendimita ari dhayamita. Saka nguwani zvose nevachena makumbo zvinobva chimwe nechimwe.

chakuvhe ichi chinokura kazhinji nechepasi miti akadai Maple, Beech, Chestnut ose. Apo neapo. Ndezvipi zvimwe pangozi mhando notumwe zviripo, tikaudza mberi.

Kujairika dzepepuru cortinarius

Cortinarius violaceus - akanaka howa, yakawanikwa Leningrad, Moscow, Murmansk, Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, kuChelyabinsk, Vologda uye Sverdlovsk kumatunhu.

Cortinarius - huchidyiwa howa, ane maitiro rutema-Violet ruvara. Ane pincushion chivharo ane dhayamita vanenge 15 cm uye yakakwirira dzinde 6-12 masendimita mukuru uye 1-2 masendimita pahupamhi. In aro okumusoro chikamu pane flakes diki.

Somushonga lingzhi howa

The isingawanzowanikwi uye pangozi yemiti uye hunokuvadza zvinofanira kunyorwa uye saprophytic mumiririri mhuri iyi Ganodermovyh sezvo lingzhi howa. Izvi zvakanaka sandara howa, zvakawanda soMunyengetero "howa kuti kusafa" kana "Ling Zhi". Ine mvere pamusoro chivharo matsvuku, mashava kana nezvishava uye gobvu Woody pulp.

Its chikuru chepfungwa ndizvo zvinovaka muviri kuti rine. Zviri nekuvongwa iye nekuda chakuvhe ichi kuti somushonga neiya inoiswa muzvinwiwa zvinodhaka.

Achikura ari chakuvhe, izvo dziri Red Book, muna Amur mudunhu, muJapan, Korea uye China. MuRussia, chakajairika North Caucasus, uyewo muna Krasnodar uye Stavropol nenharaunda.

Kujairika blackberries staghorn

Kudzidza pangozi zvinomera, notumwe uye mhuka, mumwe anogona kukanganwa pamusoro chakuvhe yakadaro kujairika, staghorn akafanana blackberries. Ichi howa mumiririri isingawanzowanikwi chaizvo, ane Mapato ose husiri nyore kuwana mamiriro matanhatu uye ndowenyika Zvivako zvakasikwa.

Blackberries ane kujairika marongerwo uye nemaziso nowenyika zvomumvura Coral chena. It inokura stumps uye hunde dzacho miti (kunyanya - pamusoro Birch uye Aspen). Unowanikwa muna Russian Federation reserves pamusoro munharaunda Lake Baikal kuEastern Siberia. Vanobatanidzwa Red Book.

Chii howa vanoonekwa kuti akanyangarika?

In mbiru "yakatotsakatika mhando notumwe," zvinofanira kuitwa kunhengo avo, akadai:

• Felloriniya knobbly.
• Veselka Hadrian.
• Omfalina cinder.
• Pholiota uglelyubivaya.
• Geopiksis marasha.
• Karbofil nevamwe.

Gore negore, mazita iyi chete kukura. Ndinofara kuti notumwe zhinji kushoma pari vanhu vakadzidza artificially kukura. Izvi, maererano nenyanzvi, zvichabatsira kuderedza yakatotsakatika mhando notumwe.

Rare mhando yemhuka uye miti Russian Federation

Sezvaunogona kuona, mazita munhevedzano "pangozi uye yakatotsakatika mhando notumwe" anogona kuenda mberi. Asi kunze notumwe, vazhinji zvinomera, mhuka neshiri tiri kutya kutsakatika. Somuenzaniso, pakati pemhuka anogona kusiyaniswa Siberian shrew, Daubenton kwakaita chiremwaremwa, mashava Usana, dondo-inowanzorimwa day of marmot, vanhuwo tyoni, nondo Siberian nevamwe. By shiri pangozi vanosanganisira mukuru Crested grebe, mukuru Crested grebe, kana, wachena emumvura, dema neshuramurove, mukuru Flamingo, tsvuku-chipfuva hanzi nevamwe.

Pakati miti iri vava kuda kutsakatika: thoroughwax nezano, Kitagawa Baikal, Dory angustifolia, Alfred vachirembedza uye nevamwe.