The murimi mudiki kuchinja zvinhu 1861. Zvinokonzera nemigumisiro

Nokusingaperi munhoroondo Russia, Alexander II achagara sezvo somununuri ari serfs. The kuchinja Alexander II yagara hweruzhinji uye zvishoma nezvishoma. Usakanganwa kuti zvishoma nezvishoma kuchinja - chakavanzika rokutonga munhu anokwanisa mambo. Uye chechipiri, Alexander aiziva zvakavanzika kurambe kuchikura.

Alexander kechipiri kubvira pauduku hwake inogarwa murimi mudiki kuchinja. Zvisinei, kutanga, iye aigona kamwe chete anotora chigaro. Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvakadaro kuchitsigira chido namambo kwebhuku pakati serfs?

1) Alexander wechipiri, ave mutongi akachenjera uye nomazvo, vakanzwisisa kuti serfdom ehurumende mabhureki. Kubva kushandiswa chero muranda chinhu yeEuropean nyika kare aramba. Russia zvakare akaramba kuzeza, nokuti kutya kuita kuti tiite zvinhu. Maererano Alexander II, iyo murimi mudiki kuchinja kwaiva kubvisa zvinokonzera Russia zvose lagging seri enyika.

2) Alexander akanga zvikuru nechokwadi chokuti ariko serfdom munyika kwakaipa kuti Russia paaizvidzivirira kugona. Serfdom muRussia zvakakonzera vasanyanye chepamusoro pakati masimba European. Uyezve, madzimambo akawanda European vaiona chakaipoteredza nechenyasi chiremera chake kuenderera mberi ne mabasa Russian. Sezvakaita mumazuva Russia yekare, apo Vladimir akanga asingakwanisi kukunda ruoko muchindakadzi pakati Constantinople chete nokuti aiva muGiriki.

3) Usakanganwa kuti mambo mutsva akarerwa mweya kuvhenekerwa nekuzvitonga kuzere. Creative intelligentsia kare waitsigira nokuda abolition kuti serfdom. Mudzidzisi Alexander II paaiva muduku akanga Vasily Zhukovsky, uyo aiva mutungamiriri okusika intelligentsia pakati XIX remakore. Zvinonzi vaiona kuva mudzidzisi Zhukovsky Pushkin. Maererano Alexander II, murimi mudiki kuchinja vanofanira tambira rokuti wokuRussia vanhu pakunamata.

Kutanga nokuti kuchinja yakatangwa muna 1857, apo namambo akasika muchivande komiti. komisheni Secret kwaiva kutanga chirongwa, umo abolition kuti serfdom kwaiva kuva kupfuura kumeso uye asazivikanwa.

Mukuru dambudziko nokuda mambo raimiririra zvido kushora serfs uye kwamachinda. Avakuru vakanga zvepachokwadi nechokwadi chokuti abolition pamusoro serfdom, nyika asina kunaka. Havana kuda kuparadzana nenyika yavo uye vanhuwo zvavo ake.

Nhare, nekusiyana, vaidavira kuti murimi mudiki kuchinja vanofanira kudzorera rusununguko rwavo zvakazara, kunze kuuyawo uye nyika iyo kumhanya upfumi. Kufadza uye saka, uye vamwe vave zvisingabviri.

1861 February 19 , paiva chiitiko chinokosha nokuda yose Russia - serfdom yakaguma. Munyika, yakanga verenga nezvomurau Alexander II mumakereke. Maererano chirevo ichi, vose serfs vakagamuchira rusununguko uye rusununguko kubva dzakare landlords. Mumwe murimi mudiki akapiwa nyika pachake kushandiswa. Zvisinei, nyika ichiri kunzi ane nhaka muridzi. Varimi vanofanira kuva kutenga nyika yavo kubva womunda, vachitsvaka rusununguko pfuma.

Saka, mashoko abolition kuti serfdom muna 1861 kwakachinja Russia zvachose. Zvisinei, kana Varidzi kana vanhuwo zvavo havana kugutswa. Varidzi vainzwa zvinotorera wavo, achibira chepamutemo pasi. Vanhuwo zvavo vaiva nechokwadi kuti aimbova serfdom akasvimha imwe itsva kuti pakuzivikanwa se castings. Somugumisiro, Alexander II akashora anenge sectors vose munzanga. Makore 20 gare gare, Alexander acharasikirwa kutendeseka pakati zvavo. Muna 1881, iye vaizourayiwa unoranganawo pakati achabatira netsvimbo, uyo akagamuchira rinokosha kuparadzira muRussia mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19.

Pasinei kuti, wechipiri, Alexander akapinda nhoroondo Russia sezvo munhu mukuru, inimitable muvandudzi muoni enyika. Zviri nemhaka yezviri kuchinja zvinoitwa Russia Alexander II ane ano Kutarira.