Pfungwa dzezvidzidzo Nezvekwakabva mamiriro kuMiddle Ages

Panguva dzakasiyana paiva zvakasiyana chaizvo dzidziso Nezvekwakabva ehurumende uye mutemo. In zhinji inoti vokuMabvazuva yekare Somuenzaniso, zvakanzi vaidavira kuti izvi zvinhu zvematongerwo enyika hazvina kuitika nokuda pave ukama hwevanhu, uye akaisa zvakare. In Bhabhironi rekare, Egypt, China, mubati, mambo, mambo kwainzi mumiririri wevanamwari panyika, mwanakomana kudenga, uye kunyange pachake vamwari. Iye muridzi unhu kwesimba mukuru munzira tsvene. Sezvo aidavira kuti kudenga zvisikwa akaronga primordial mhirizhonga, akasika nyika, uye vatongi vepasi savamwari, aifanira kuronga uye kuronga upenyu hwepasi.

Kazhinji, munhu anogona kuverenga kuti Pfungwa dzezvidzidzo pemavambo wehurumende uye mutemo vakakunda kuMiddle Ages pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu kumadokero, Latin chiKristu, waiva pfungwa unounza kuti deification ari masangano simba. In zvesayenzi uye yakakurumbira nyaya kazhinji vanotaura mashoko ose muApostora Pauro kuti hapana simba riri kwete Mwari, naizvozvo zvakanga zvakafanira kuti kuzviisa pasi pehurumende zvakatangwa kwaMwari. Zvisinei, kana iwe kusvika dambudziko iri zvakakomba, tichaona kuti chaizvoizvo zvakanga zvishoma kupfuura kuoma.

Medieval munzanga Western Europe haana vanoumba monolithic kuroorwa isangano. Munguva feudalism yaiva yakawanda bhodhi yomuropa chokuita dzinovhiringidza muranda noukama hurongwa. Kuwedzera kune masimba vakanga hunopiwa pamwe mambo uye vazhinji nemadzimambo (kazhinji vaimbova mamaneja chete chezita), Counts, viscounts nemamwe machinda, paiva simba Church ave mutongi yokunyika (the papa, Bhishopu mukuru wacho, Episcopal, nezvimwewo). All zvidzidzo izvi pamwe mumwe sezvo utsinye sungano ukama. Naizvozvo Pfungwa dzezvidzidzo Nezvekwakabva mamiriro yaiva dzakasiyana siyana.

Chokutanga, yakanga vaidavira kuti mavambo naMwari haisi yose hurumende sangano rose nezvinhu zvaro, zvakadai somunhu umambo kana Uto revatongi kirasi. Uyezve, muApostora mashoko akashandurwa nokududzirwawo zvokuti chete simba chairo, unopirwa naMwari. Uye pano akanga akasiyana chaizvo, uye kunyange maonero dzinopesana pamusoro nyaya iyi. Vakakunda mune Ages nzanga yeRoma aidavira kuti Pfungwa dzezvidzidzo kwakabva ehurumende ucharuramisa pakudzorwa yeRoma papa pamusoro zvose zvimwe zviremera zvenyika. Vazhinji makore iwayo magweta waPapa akanyora akadhindwa yose kuti Pope unotsiva Mwari panyika, uye nokuti ndiye Changamire, uye madzimambo uye vatongi - vatongi vari pasi ake.

Havasi vose vatongi uye machinda, kusanganisira duku vacho, vakanga vakabvumirana pfungwa iyi. Somuenzaniso, madzimambo Ages ndaigara vaikwikwidzana uye akarwa vanapapa Panyanzvi simba, iyo zvinoratidzwa kutamburira refu kuti investiture. feudal madzishe duku zhinji chete anodzivisa nevatariri abbots munyika dzakawanda munyika mukurwisana chokuita pfuma. Uye sezvo nguva vechiRoma dzakakurumbira chaizvo yakanaka yechiKristu yave kunyimwa simba, pauperitas, kurega kuzvidzora, uye nekuti vaitsoropodza zhinji dzechitendero kunyange vakaparidza kuti Pfungwa dzezvidzidzo kwakabva ehurumende ane chokuita nechokwadi. Mukupesana, munyori yose akanyatsorongwa yokutongwa uye kuzviisa pasi kunogona chete kuva "muchinda wenyika ino", kureva, dhiabhorosi.

Zvisinei, muna Gothic nguva Western European Ages vanhu, akanyora rinozivikanwa wenhoroondo British Robert MUR, kuti "kutambudzwa noruzhinji." Vazhinji kushora vezvitendero uye vezvematongerwo enyika pfungwa kwakarambidzwa neChechi sezvo vemanyepo, zvose nemishonga woutsinye, uye rose revatongi mhuri, uye kunyange imba youmambo, izvozvo aishora - vaparadzwa. Rakava chikuru Pfungwa dzezvidzidzo Nezvekwakabva mamiriro, rakaratidza Foma Akvinsky. Ndiwo nyanzvi dzakakurumbira akasika nheyo uzivi Catholic, zvakare, vaiona mamiriro kwezvisikwa Mwari, uyo anoda kuvaka nyika uye kuigadzira. Zvisinei, iye akati Panyanzvi (kusanganisira monarchical) simba chete kwakatangira naMwari, kana chiri chechi uye bakatwa yepasi kunodzivirira chii vafundisi kuwana bakatwa romudzimu.