Basic dzidziso kwakabva ehurumende

Munguva yose nguva kuvapo wouzivi, mutemo, zvematongerwe yakaumbwa vakawanda dzidziso dzakasiyana uye dzidziso mutemo uye mamiriro. Kusiyana, kune rumwe rutivi, nokuti mumwe pfungwa unoratidza kuzviitira maonero anoita vaongorori kana mafungiro akasiyana uye maonero, kana mamwe makirasi. Ukuwo, kusiyana uku imhaka kuti pakawanda kuti mananara dzakadai pehurumende uye zvakarurama. Uyezve, munewo maonero akasiyana pamusoro ichi kana kuti parutivi paumbwe avo kana dzimwe gadziriro enyika. At moyo maonero aya chete uye zvinenge nguva dzose akasiyana zveupfumi, zvemari uye zvimwe zvinhu.

Pane pfungwa dzakasiyana-siyana yaigara mamiriro. Zvinonzi kutaurwa pakati zvihombe:

1. Theological (naMwari, chitendero).
2. Yemadzibaba (yemadzitateguru).
3. Sezvingatarisirwa pamutemo (contractual).
4. The Organic.
5. Kudiridza.
6. Psychological.
7. Kirasi (zvoupfumi).
8. Dzidziso nechinzwano kwokunze mhirizhonga.

Wokutanga nesimba kuMiddle Ages. Nhasi zviri zvakajairika mazuva sezvo muEurope, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo, uyewo dzimwe Islamic nyika (Saudi Arabia, somuenzaniso). Theological pfungwa ane hunhu yepamutemo. Chaizvoizvo charo kuti zvematongerwo enyika rinobva kuna Mwari uye simba rakapiwa naMwari.

Yemadzitateguru dzidziso waitsigira ne Aristotle. Maererano naye, vanhu vose, sezvo pane rezvizhinji kuedza kukurukurirana uye maumbirwo kwemhuri, izvo zvinozoita kunotungamirira kuti kwaita hurumende. Pfungwa iyi yakanga dzakwidzwa yakataurwa Confucius. In zvapedzisira nguva wevateveri vawo uye simbi Mikhaylovsky Filmer. Kazhinji, maererano nepfungwa iyi Nezvekwakabva mamiriro, kuti hwava zvematongerwe enyika ndiyo imwe mhuri huru, zvinosanganisira zvimwe zvavo mhuri dzakawanda.

Natural mutemo pfungwa wehurumende inotungamirwa zvakanyorwa chepakuvamba Bourgeois nevafungi. It vakatanga kupararira 17-18 emakore. Maererano nepfungwa iyi Nezvekwakabva mamiriro, ose mugari inopa munhu wechisikigo, inalienable kodzero zvinobva hunhu kana naMwari. Asi pfungwa iyi anonzi Ndinotetenda kuti zvinonyatsobvira.

The Organic dzidziso Nezvekwakabva mamiriro rakamuka remakore rechi19, rechipiri hafu. Vateveri varo vaiva Spencer, Preuss, Worms nevamwe. Musimboti pfungwa iri kuti kukura ehurumende akafanana kukura pazvinhu zvipenyu muviri.

Psychological dzidziso akanga akagadzira Petrazhitsky (Polish-Russian nyanzvi uye gweta). Maererano naye, kwaita mamiriro akanga pasi pokudzora dzinokosha zvivako womunhu psyche. ehupfumi izvi zvinosanganisira, kunyanya kuda kuti akachengeteka, chido murayiro, kuti omurume kuda vamwe, uye nokuchiva zvimwe nhengo vanhu vasingateereri mitemo kumisa nayo.

Pfungwa mhirizhonga akaisa mberi nevanyori siyana. Mumwe havaoni anonzi Yang (Chinese enyika) Shang. Maererano nepfungwa iyi Nezvekwakabva mamiriro, chikuru basa rakanga reDare kubatwa, uranda mumwe vanhu vamwe. Zvematongerwo enyika, maererano vateveri pfungwa iyi, kuumbwa mhirizhonga zvose kwokunze uye nechomukati (yomuka mukati kambani).

Economic (class, Marxist) dzidziso kwakabva ehurumende chokuita mazita Marx uye Shona. Zvisinei, pfungwa iri kukurukurwa muvambi Morgan. Maererano nepfungwa iyi hurumende yakaumbwa somugumisiro kukura kwomuzvarirwo vanhu. Kunyanya, pfungwa iri zvoupfumi, sezvo anogona kupa zvinhu ezvinhu, asiwo kuona kuchinja muvanhu kwete chete.