The KH-90 "Koala": michina nokurondedzerwa

Hypersonic chombo KH-90 - mutsva Russian super-chombo semhinduro chombo kuzvidzivirira chirongwa Washington. Pakuonekwa uye nokurondedzerwa zvombo nezvikonzero pachena ndiwo rechiuto chakavanzika. Maererano nemamwe mabhuku, zvombo zvakadaro vaizoendeswa kupinda pabasa nokuda kwegore ra2010.

The President Russian akati hypersonic chombo KH-90 "Koala" anokwanisa kukurira chero inozivikanwa uye chombo yakarova zvakarurama kupfura sezvo kondinendi ake uye mamwe makondinendi.

Nyaya chitundumuseremusere

Global chombo chirongwa zvakasikwa muSoviet Union kare sixties. Pfungwa kwaisanganisira kubviswa warheads mhiri muchadenga ive Earth muchadenga kuti iye uri ikava Satellite nevanhu, uye mushure braking injini akatumirwa kusvitsa chinangwa nokuparadzwa.

Muna 1971, aine wakagadzirira chirongwa duku inokosha rwendo zvombo, vagadziri Soviet makatsauka kuti hurumende ezvidzidzo chirongwa ichi. Mugore iroro, mhinduro haina vakatevera. Asi kubva pakutanga kugadzira nzira dzinokosha rwendo zvombo muna 1975 ne United States kubva 1971. kukanganwa vagadziri vakarayirwa kutanga chirongwa 1976 uye ucharipedza 1982. Pakazopera 1983 kare aronga kutora "ichangobva akaita" chitundumuseremusere kupinda basa. Zvinodiwa kuti chitundumuseremusere vaiva soro. Uye mumwe inokosha ndiko kuzadzisa zvayo supersonic nokukurumidza. Munguva eighties nokukurumidza yakanga yatova mana Makhov.

The MAKS-1997 muna NGO Pavilion "Rainbow" (sangano uyu dzichiri zvombo) Visitors kare kuona hypersonic ndege GLA, iyo yakava zvikabva ramangwana itsva rwendo chombo chinoita zvokukandwa.

Nokuti vaya vanoda kunzwisisa zvazvinoreva sokunge chombo KH-90, mufananidzo pamusoro.

chitundumuseremusere Feature

SFA vanofanira kutakura warhead maviri aikwanisa kure anosvika zana makiromita kuti kurova kunangwa pachavo. Pakutanga, nokureba chitundumuseremusere akaenzana gumi mamita. Zvisinei, vakabva, zvaibvira kuderedza kuti kureba sere mapfumbamwe mamita. Mushure kuparadzana mutakuri ndege iri chitundumuseremusere akadura mativi mapapiro pamwe rakapedza kwete kupfuura vanomwe metres, uyewo muswe. Pashure yakasimba-mhando akisarareta, vachibvumira chombo chinoita zvokukandwa rinosvika supersonic nokukurumidza. Zvadaro anotanga kuita boosters, vakatanga kumhanya zvina mashanu Makhov. The nharaunda chiito ane chombo chakadai anouya zvitatu namazana mashanu namakumi makiromita.

kanda motokari

Tu-160 ndiye supersonic, inokosha chombo kuva bapiro pamwe shanduka kutsvaira. Zvakange muhurukuro eighties muna Tupolev uye mari mubasa kubva 1987.

Pakutanga, maoko dzaienda kuisa motokari zana, asi nekuda kutsungirira vokuAmerica pakuti Ndege kuti vanobatanidzwa chibvumirano pakati Vietnam, ndaifanira kurega dzimwe motokari makumi matatu.

Pashure USSR vakadonha bhomba vakakamurwa pakati Republics.

Pakazosvika 2013, pakanga gumi namatanhatu vari Armed Forces kweRussia ndege kwakadaro. Vari zvose zvakavakirwa Volga muna Shona.

"White Swan"

Ndicho chikuru uye panonyanyisa supersonic revarwi ndege munyika, iyo ine chikamu chikuru zvinokubatai-kure guru pakati Ndege. Vezvikepe pachavo norudo akamuti "White Swan" nemhaka ichiyevedza uye mutete chimiro.

Asi ane mamwe mazita, "munondo ane gumi mashizha", "nekurovererwa", "zvombo munyika", "Russian ruchibhururuka chishamiso." A NATO akamudana mamwe chikonzero, Blackjack.

TU-160M ari upgraded Tu-160, riri kuiswa mune imwe itsva yemagetsi michina uye nezvombo X-90 chitundumuseremusere. Anogona kutakura mwero zvombo Somuenzaniso, 90 OFAB-500U, asi anoshanda sezvo mutakuri X 90 hypervelocity achifambisa chitundumuseremusere.

Mumwe muchina ane zita yayo, somuenzaniso: "Ilya Muromets", "Alexander Molodshy", "Mikhail Gromov," uye vamwe.

Propellants uye injini kuzadzisa hypersonic

Hypersound - a nokukurumidza riri kupfuura 5 velocity chiedza kana shanu Mach. Nokuti pfupi chaizvo nguva kuti vakurumidze anogona kusvika zvombo vakawanda kwakajairika injini kwavari. Asi kubhururuka kumhanya chaizvo kwenguva refu nguva zvinogoneka chete kana chombo chinoita zvokukandwa inopiwa ane scramjet. It Anonziwo skramdzhet.

Huru Pakanzi uye mukana injini ichi ndechokuti haadi kutakura navo oxidant. In injini ichi rinoshandiswa mumhepo okisijeni. Huni chezvematongerwe GPRVD ndiye rehydrogen kana reparafini.

Kukudziridza akadaro injini kwakatanga mashanu remakore rapfuura. Uye gwaro rokutanga ndege pamwe injini vakadaro kuoneka sixties. Designers kuva nzvimbo hurongwa - orbital ndege remauto reusable "Spiral", iro raiva hypersonic ndege Inowedzera uye kuva chitundumuseremusere booster. Hypersonic muchiaparadzira Ndege aifanira mhanyisa kuna Mach nhanhatu rehydrogen mafuta uye kusvika mana nehafu pamusoro reparafini. Asi pakupedzisira kwakasarudzwa kushongedzera kuti midziyo yose turbojet injini.

Hypersonic pryamotochniki akatanga munguva manonwe, kushandisa mano avo zvombo Anti-ndege.

NASP uye TU-2000

Muna 1986, mukupindura US chirongwa Appolo, maererano NASP chirongwa muna USSR, kwakasarudzwa vagadze epamba nerokuti NASP, reusable chete-Danho mavhidhiyo conferencing. Project bhomba TU-2000 akabvumirwa pamwe chakataurwa kutangira uremu muna mazana matatu namakumi matanhatu matani, mumwe nokumhanya Mach nhanhatu, chikuva makiromita zviuru gumi panguva imwe kukwira makumi matatu makiromita.

Basa raiitwa, asi nekuda kuparara Soviet Union, vakatanga kupfeka nousimbe. Vakwikwidzi chirongwa vakabuda munyika yakati uye vakatanga pamwe French vagadziri. Zvisinei, kushanda pamwe chete, sezvinoratidzwa kundikana kuedza, zvakanga kubudirira.

Panguva iyoyowo, iyo NASP chirongwa haana kusiyana kubudirira zvikuru uye akavharwa ari nineties.

Zvisinei, chokwadi ndechokuti, kana Russia kana United States haasi kuenda mapfumo zvachose hypersonic.

"Security-2004"

Muna 2004, dzidziso "Security-2004" yaiitwa. Vakanga akapindwa Ndege TU-160 pamwe zvombo anonzi chombo KH-90 "Koala".

Gore iroro, Mutungamiri Russia VV Putin akati Russian Armed Forces achagamuchira munguva yemberi iri pedyo zvakadaro rwisana hurongwa kuti richava vaikwanisa mukuru-zvakarurama panguva hypersonic nokukurumidza uye achifambisa kukuru apo kutyaira nenzira kubaya kushanda panguva madaro dzinopfuura imwe kondinendi.

Nyanzvi dzinoti President mukutaura kwake aireva chombo chinoita zvokukandwa.

The chitundumuseremusere anonzi X-90

Russia asarudza kuratidza kwavo American mukana mutsva. Kwakadaro kwaiva mhinduro Washington purogiramu chombo KH-90 (ndiro "Koala").

Ndezvemhuri kuburikidza inokosha Ndege Tu-160M - kuzvikudza uye uto nesimba Russia nhasi.

Mushure kuparadzana kubva kanda motokari yacho KH-90 panguva imwe kukwira nomwe zviuru makumi maviri nezviviri metres kubva mativi anovhura mapapiro ayo uye muswe. Kumhanyisa kusvika supersonic akurumidze kunoitika nomukombiyuta zvaisanganisira nguva ino yakasimba chitundumuseremusere booster. Kwozouya nguva huru injini, kuburikidza icho X-rwendo chombo 90 otonga nokumhanya Mach shanu. Range zvombo - matatu nehafu chiuru makiromita.

Miedzo zvombo KH-90

Utungamiriri nyika yedu anotenda kuti hapana mamiriro ndiye muridzi hypersonic zvombo kunze Russia. Mune US, kamwe vakasiya kukura kwavo, vakaomerwa subsonic zvombo. Asi muna Russia basa rakadaro mberi, kunyange paine dzakasiyana-siyana pfupi zvinovhiringidza. Muna 2001, zvakanga akashuma "Topol" chombo kanda. Nyanzvi akacherechedza kuti ayo warhead akasiyana kujairika maitiro. Panguva kuyeukwa kurovedza 2004 zvakanzi raparurwa maviri ballistic zvombo "Topol-M" uye RS-18. Zvino takati kuti chombo chinoita zvokukandwa hurongwa akasunungurwa experimental midziyo, yakauya shure pakuparurwa muchadenga, uye ipapo vakadzokera mumhepo. Zvaiita sezvisingabviri, nekuti panguva reentry chitundumuseremusere nokukurumidza yakanga mamita zviuru zvishanu chete yechipiri, kana vanenge zviuru gumi nezvisere makiromita paawa, uye warhead kwaiva kuva rinokosha kudzivirira overheating uye overloads. chikwata ichi aiva nokukurumidza, uyezve, aigona kuchinja kutungamirirwa kutiza nyore uye havana richaparara. Nyanzvi dzinobvumirana kuti X-90 - yakanakira hondo rwendo chombo, pakuonekwa zvakasara mumwe chakavanzika.

Kusiyana mudziyo kwaisanganisira chokuti musi PC-18, paiva zano anochinja namo uye kutungamirirwa kutiza. Saka, chero chombo kudzivirira, kusanganisira US, vanogona kukurirwa.

Strategic Chombo Forces

Russian Strategic Rocket Masimba anosanganisira zvitatu zvinoita zvokukandwa mauto nezvitanhatu chombo kupesana. Sechikamu chenzira yavo zvombo ari manomwe namakumi matatu namashanu ballistic zvombo vane 3159 zvenyukireya warheads, kusanganisira "Voivod" paShiro-kwakavakirwa "nokuita" ne 360 warheads, mobile "Topol", "Topol-M" uye vamwe.

Maererano nenyanzvi, kunyange kana chikamu chiduku vachaparadzwa vakagadzirira pamwe rwendo zvombo, chombo mauto vachashuva unrivaled uye haungambofari chero chombo kuzvidavirira. Uyezve, maererano nenyanzvi Russian, pane dzimwe zvirongwa, akadai "chando" uye "yeGondo", Kuwedzera pakuva hypersonic warhead.

Kurwisa nonsensical uye ngozi

Nokuda maitiro ayo KH-90 "Koala" uye dzimwe ano zviitiko nemauto makaita American chombo kudzivirira maturo. Naizvozvo, United States yakatanga kuiswa pedyo nemiganhu Russian radar enyika kuti vasabatwa uye kuparadzwa zvombo izvi achangogara paiva nemavambo uye havana nguva kusiyanisa warhead.

Asi panyaya iyi, Russia ine nhamba countermeasures, inozikamwa muchivande. Kana chombo KH-90 "Koala" achatsaura warhead, zvinova chose invulnerable.

Zvombo zvinoita?

MuSoviet Union, kana chipatapata maoko rudzi pakati mbiri dzine, vakaedza zvakagadziridzwa imwe nzira. Akasaina zvibvumirano vakanyorerana, asi maoko rudzi vakapfuurira mberi, uye panguva kusvinwa ukama pakati USSR uye United States ndakadaro nyika yose uye kunamatira zvinoyerera kwavo.

Mune eighties, kuti simba iri Soviet Union akasvika MS Gorbachev, uyo chaizvoizvo arega izvi zvichida maturo maoko rudzi. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti mutengo kugumiswa ichi chaiva pokuwa nyika, musoro yaakanga akamira. Maererano zvibvumirano wakasainwa navo Soviet Union liquidated akawandisa zvombo. The United States aivawo mitoro kubvisa zvombo zvavo, asi zvichikonzerwa zvibvumirano zviri USSR akapotsa yakarasikirwa superpower rayo chinzvimbo, uye nokukurumidza akawira voga, uye United States yakava chete superpower nyika pasina kurasikirwa nezvaanogona zvayo zvechiuto.

zvombo Soviet kukura, kusanganisira rwendo zvombo, akapeta ne zvakagadzirwa zvakaparadzwa, uye kugadzirwa akanga aderedzwa kana kunyange akamira zvachose.

Kunyange zvakadaro, vose mhirizhonga, iyo vakagadzira US wayo nevatsigiri munyika, akatotanga akapedza pamwe Soviet Union, zvichiita kuti kutenda kuti kana munhu yakawiriranwa zvombo zvinofanira kuitika munguva yemberi, tinofanira kuva nokuwirirana zvechokwadi uye zvakakwana.

Asi kusvikira vanhu kwasvika pachinhanho ichi waro kukura, uye hurumende ine zvokunze kutyisidzira, zvinofanira kugara vakagadzirira kuti vadzivise chero kurwiswa.