Caliber 338 Lapua Magnum

The yerudzi rutsva 338 Lapua Magnum katuriji pakutanga rakagadzirirwa sniping takawanda marefu, zvisinei, zviri kushandiswa dzevhu hangaiwa kupfura, uyewo vavhimi. 338 Lapua Magnum ichaitika pakati .50 BMG zvombo uye .308 Winchester.

sarudzo

Muna 1983, kuti US Department of Defense rakazivisa makwikwi kuumba mutsva mapfuranhunzi kuti bara. The katuriji aifanira kusangana parameters wandei. Chekutanga, zvakanga chinhu lesion kukura chipfuro pa zvenguva refu (pamusoro 1500 metres), uye chechipiri - dispersal bara 900. m / chik ane guru 250 zviyo (1 great = 0,0647 magiramu).

nyaya

Pakati vamwe, nokuti kugadzwa ashandiswe Research chombo Industries pamusoro USA. Kutora kuvhima katuriji .416 Rigby, vagadziri Boots Obermeyer uye Dzhim Bell (zvichava ipapo .700 Nitro Express, akava kupfuura simba pamusoro mutambo) kuumba katuriji rinonangana zvinodiwa makwikwi. Awana zita .338 Bell. Asi pasinei yomuchikoro kuchengeta zvinhu, pane chinokosha kuvamirira. Sleeve .416 Rigby vasingagoni kumira vachida simba upfu magasi uye zvakasimba akaremara, izvo kwete chete zvakakonzera nokukurumidza Kuipa kwezvombo, asi aigona kuva nengozi nokuti shooter.

Mushure wokutanga kukundikana

Palm akatama boka kubva Lapua Finland. Ivo akasika yepakutanga ruoko, uye ichi akasarudza dambudziko deformation. We katuriji mupudzi zvakaumbwa liner, muromo hazvirevi protrude. The kunonyanyisa kumanikidzwa panguva nokuputika upfu - 400 MPa, uye ruoko kukurira kumanikidzwa 420 MPa. Ipapo kwakatanga uye mumwe bara, nani kuti kupfura munhu kure akadaro yakakura. Makore mana gare gare, muna 1987, boka anotanga kubudisa 338 caliber (8.6 mm X 70) pasi rokuti Lapua Magnum.

muurayi anouraya chinyararire

In kufanana pakusikwa katuriji, Kururama nesimba International LTD kubva kuEngland aiva kutanga pfuti caliber 338, chinangwa raiva kupfura yakarurama panguva madaro marefu mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa (tembiricha yakaderera, mhepo yakasimba). Vanonzi Arctic mapfuranhunzi pfuti, zita remadunhurirwa rokuti "muurayi anouraya chinyararire." Zvino tinoziva pasi zita Arctic Warfare Magnum, L115A, uye L96. Kana vaipfura imwe kiromita pfuti akanga akatambanudzira 15-16 cm ndiko yakarurama kwazvo paakati. Somuenzaniso, pasi pfuti caliber .50 Browning akapararira oda mumwe mita pasi chete ezvinhu, akapa guru kwechirwere, uremu uye zvikuru ruzha vapfurwa.

Kubva kweArctic nepfuti akamutsa chinyorwa, kusvikira zvino hapana akanga arohwa: kwepfuti maviri vanhu vaviri kure anenge maviri makiromita zvakaurayiwa.
Pfuti Arctic Warfare Magnum rinogona calibers maviri: 6.2 uye 7,62. Weight nokuripisa magazini usina dzingasiyana zvichienderana dikidiki 6,1 kusvika 7,3 makirogiramu.

Mhando mabara

The katuriji akanga mabara chete mhando imwe kusvikira 1996. The chidzoke mabara matsva akawedzera zvikuru nzira kuti zvinogoneka katuriji upenyu. nezvemarudzi mashanu mabara yakagadzirwa pasi .338 LM:

1. SP (nyoro pfungwa).
2. Mupanda (rwakakura, anoumbwa nevazhinji moyo).
3. HPBT (tapered muswe chikamu, mumwe mhango mumhino).
4. FMJBT (goko, tapered muswe chikamu).
5. FMJ (bara deko).

SP pedhi bara ari kurema 12,96 magiramu (200 tsanga) ane kwokutanga bara velocity 1002 m / chik. Hollow-pfungwa bara 250 zviyo uremu (16,2 g) muna 897 outputs indekisi m / chik, uye kuvhima GB488 VLD ane velocity 910 m / chik nenguva uremu. Uyewo kushandiswa zvombo uye dzokurwa rinobaya incendiary mabara Nadzo Kuboora uye Nadzo Nokuboora Incendiary.

Mhando dzakawanda kunovhima mabara (Barnes XLC-Bullit - 14.6 g, Sierra MatchKing - 19,4 g, Homady SpirePoint - 16,2 g), vakava pasi katuriji, uye akasangana nokurondedzerwa zvose. The kutiza nokukurumidza ravo zvakasiyana-siyana kubva 754 kusvika 920 m / s.

Kushandisa katuriji

Caliber 338 "Lapua" yakagadzirwa sniping uye kuzvigona basa raro Tichitarira sandarara trajectory uye yakakwirira kururama, asi nevhu njivavarungu kupfura yakashandiswa kunyange vasati mharidzo yacho yepamutemo. Muna 1986, kuti US akakunda museve mumakwikwi naye Virginia. Uyewo, iyo katuriji inoshandiswa uye vavhimi. Ndiye mukurumbira chaizvo pakati mafeni ose varmint kuvhima (dzinovhima pamusoro madaro marefu) uye Benchrest (kupfura kubvira zvenguva refu ari papepa chipfuro).

Nokuti kunovhima katuriji mabara yakagadzirwa, vanobudirira vachipfura imwe mhuka yairema kumirangariro tani.

kugadzirwa

Kuwedzera Lapua Finnish kambani, mubasa kweShanduro katuriji sechinhu Czech kambani Sellier & Bellot, Norma nemazvo (Sweden), asi iyezvino .338 Lapua Magnum anoitwa chete muchiRussian pahofisi Novosibirsk katuriji chirimwa. Zviratidzi Russian lapua yakati muduku pakutanga shanduro. A kopi zvizere katuriji anonzi SP-152.

zvombo chambered

Heavy katuriji .338 LM kusikirwa dzakananga mabasa, uye nepfuti kuti kurishandisa, vanofanira mutambo uyu. Asi nekuda yakamanikana muupenyu nepfuti zhinji uye haana kupararira, akadai M98 Barrett. M98V Barrett vakagadzirawo uchikumbira Lapua caliber 338, zviri chiedza zvakakwana (uremu 6,1 makirogiramu - nokuti pfuti iyi mhando zvechokwadi zvishoma) uye chiine (1267 mm pakureba, uyewo chinogona zvifambiswe unassembled), aine longitudinally-zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope gedhi uye chitoro nokuda vaitenderera gumi, uye ari vakapakata nokupenya suppressor. Kufanana nevamwe nepfuti iyi mhando, rinogona kushandiswa kuparadza midziyo, asi akagadzirirwa zvakananga mhenyu vanonangwa

338 caliber carbine Orsis SE T5000, mumwe kudzokorora pfuti pamwe Chinyorwa Reset, yakakodzera kunovhima kana kuti chipfuro kupfura. Pakati nepfuti Russian vane muenzaniso pasi ichi caliber zvombo paRussian kambani "chevaux Cannon".

Kubereka zvombo pasi nekambani Caliber 338 Blaser, Remington, Keppeler, Weatherby, Akarurama International (Vagadziri kuti "Arctic pfuti"), Sako nevamwe.
Nenzira, vakawanda nepfuti aya akaiswa kuti ave mutambo, uye saka kushandiswa Skeet kupfura, kusanganisira Russia. Chinhu bedzi anorega kupararira yepamusoro nepfuti - mutengo wavo.

mhando Martial

338 LM akava Kuwedzera yakanaka zvombo .50BMG, izvo, zvisinei, kuzvigona dzayo basa - vaipfura pamusoro chiedza warrior motokari panguva kure, asi kuti kamwe kurarama vanonangwa haisi kukodzera. Uyewo, 338 caliber pfuti zvakazoonekwa nyore zvikuru "makumi mashanu".

Caliber 338 Lapua Magnum pamwe rwakakura bara ane paimira simba uye inouraya kushanda. Bara Simone upi, kunyange rinorema muviri zvombo uye zvipingamupinyi. Lapua hwatsvuka uye rusvingo kongiri, uye simbi machira kuti Ukobvu 2.4 masendimita

The kuvhima katuriji bara mupanda inogona kushandiswa kuuraya mhuka huru dzakadai Zvisinei nemapere uye ungulates makuru, kunyange aine rwakakura bara katuriji riri basa pamusoro guru mhuka African: nzou, mvuu, rhinoceroses. On vakadaro kunovhima cartridges anoshandiswa, yakataurwa Dzhimom Bellom uye William Feldstein, - .700 Nitro Express. The katuriji nokuti vachiridzira panguva pfupi chikuva, ine kutanga bara velocity pakati 590 m / chik ari kurema 64,8 d optimum kure ichi vachiridzira zvombo - 122 m, apo ine kupararira asingapfuuri 3 masendimita Kureba katuriji 700 akaenzana 106 geji. 88 neMM, kudzoka, pasinei rinorema kurema pfuti, hwakakura kwazvo - chombo chete punt. Asi kwete pasina .700 Nitro Express anonzi kupfuura simba munyika anorichengeta. Cartridge simba iri 11.279 J, izvo zvokuti kuguma richikurukurirana kuti rollover achimhanya Rhino kana nzou. Kunyange kukundwa panzvimbo neuboynoe mhuka anorasikirwa vachikwanisa kutamira panguva kubva 5 kusvika 20 maminitsi, uye panguva iyi muvhimi anogona mhuka kupedzisa kure kubva raita pfuti.

nhoroondo basa

338 Lapua Magnum katuriji rinoshandiswa zvinangwa zvechiuto. Raishandiswa muhondo muna Afghanistan (2001), muna Iraq, uyewo kumabvazuva muUkraine uye Libya.

Chuck 338 "Lapua" akakurumbira kaviri bara Craig Harris rakanyorwa (pasina zvishoma pane akakurumbira "pfuti Arctic") - muna 2009, vaviri nechinangwa kwepfuti akauraya vaviri muvengi muchina Gunners muna Afghanistan.

Hazvina inozivikanwa anorichengeta ichi vakanakidzwa mapfuranhunzi Kris Kayl kubva US, kana ikabereka bara rayo kure zvikuru -. 1940 M In Sadr City muna 2008, iye akauraya chitundumuseremusere launcher kuti aienda kupfura panguva mudungwe wemabhazi US muchiuto.

Chimwe yakakurumbira akapfura Lapua Magnum katuriji kwakaitwa British koporo Christopher Reynolds. Uyewo Afghanistan, asi papera gore, akauraya nechinangwa pena kubva 1853 metres Taliban mutungamiriri kukupfura zita romusere rokuti Mullah. Nokuti bara ichi Kristofer Reynolds akanga paakavapa menduru.

Other cartridges kuti caliber 338

Cartridge 338 inogona kunzi takunda kusanyatsotsanangurwa chakabatikana, kunyange ane unongotaura akanaka. 338 Winchester Magnum - vachivhimei katuriji akaronga kuti uuraye mhuka huru (kusanganisira nemapere uye Elk), ane nhatu chete mhando mabara, izvo zvinoderedza mukurumbira wayo pakati vavhimi, kunyange akatotora achigona waro niche sezvo simba kupfuura katuriji anosvikirwa caliber, kwete zvarakanyorerwa bara kupfura pa madaro marefu. Sales muna America, iye concedes 7 mm Rem Mag uye 300 Win Mag. Pasi caliber 338 Win Mag muna America uye pasi pose yakabereka zvakawanda zvombo: Remington & apos; 700, Steyr - Mannlicher ari S, Winchester, Alaska Iwe nevamwe.

Zvimwe zvombo zvakafanana caliber - .338 Weatherby Magnum. Zvombo yakavhurwa pachishandiswa .378 WeatherbyMagnum. Uyewo, sezvo vagadziri pakati Research chombo Industries, Roy Uezerbi akasika munhu katuriji itsva, kubudikidza crimping pamusoro ruoko. Zvisinei, kusiyana 338 Bell, liner ichi akapikisa kwokudzvinyirira kwomunhu propellant magasi uye vaikwikwidzana zvinobudirira chete kusunungurwa pane mumusika .338 Win Mag, uye kurema ndiwo 250 zviyo inoratidzawo kumhanya 900 m / chik.

Under itsva katuriji kambani Weatherby nepfuti vatanga mienzaniso "Akkyumark", "muzvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemakemikari" uye TPM.

Interesting chokwadi: 338 Lapua Magnum rava zita nokuti bhuku pane dzakanzi "Stalker". Mushure kukura uye vachiisa kupinda nokushanda katuriji rokuti "mapfuranhunzi". Saka isu akatanga kudana Vapfuri pamusoro prohibitive kure.

Pakusarudza caliber nokuda sniping

Pane mafungiro akawanda asi ivo vose vakabvumirana chimwe: pane vamwe yezvisikwa caliber, uye 338 hakuna anosara. Mukuwedzera, kubata caliber anogona siyana zvikuru zvichienderana pamusoro bara, ayo uremu uye chimiro, uyewo pamusoro uwandu gunpowder. Arrows anogona pachavo kunatsiridza zvombo, vanoverengeka kuchinja parameters vari kurudyi kwayo, asi rine kunyanya uye vanofanira chete kutaura fekitari cartridges. Kwose kwose kune zvikanganiso ayo uye kunze. Mumwe geji kuzvigona chete yakatarwa mabasa kwaari, saka chokutanga unofanira kusarudza navo.

Light gauges (pazasi matatu) vava kupa zvinenge zvose Vagadziri zvombo. Kana yapfuura zvakanzi vaidavira kuti chiedza calibers ndivo chete akakodzera vachiridzira ari chinhambwe zvishoma pane 300 metres, yava makwikwi vatambi kurishandisa kunyange kana kupfura kure kusvikira mumwe kiromita. The chikuru ndinoiitawo the caliber - mufambo. Zviduku maoko uye zvombo uremu anokubvumira kutakura zvakawanda zvombo uye nokukurumidza sei kuchinja ezvinhu.

Svikiro-caliber, uko ndezvaiye uye .338, rakagadzirirwa refu kure kupfura. Tichienzanisa boka rokutanga, zvombo zvakadaro kwakamuomera. Uyezve, kushandisa kwayo inoda zvikuru pamutemo kuita: 338 "Lapua" hwatsvuka kuburikidza chesamende noruzhowa, uye kana akashandisa rwakakura mabara kunogona dzinenge 100% mukana kutaura kuti hapana mukana wokupona muvanhu.

Heavy calibers - "mashanu" dzinopesana chaizvo. Kudivi rimwe, vanoita rakaisvonaka basa pamwe pokukundwa midziyo pamusoro madaro marefu, asi kuzorwa manpower hakusi inoshanda kudaro. Hongu, 50-caliber pfuti bara anokwanisa kutuma chinhambwe pamusoro vaviri makiromita, asi zvinokonzerwa zvinhu zvakawanda zvokuti maitiro nechinangwa moto pamusoro kukura chipfuro anova kwakaoma zvisingaiti. Saka kuti yakarurama raparadza mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro - asiri duku nyaya. Usakanganwa kuti katuriji yepakutanga yakagadzirwa pfuti.

mhedziso

Pasinei nokuti zvombo kutsungirira mabasa basa nayo, ine zvimwe payakaipira. Tichienzanisa "mashanu" maduku caliber nepfuti 338. Vanoyera avhareji rimwe nehafu nguva shoma. Asi caliber 338 hakurevi apikise simba kukanganisa uye nzeve kurira vapfurwa. Nepfuti inofanira vakagadzirira pamwe tomu akamedura, uye museve inokurudzirwa zvakasimba kushandisa nzira kudzivirira kwenyu kunzwa. The pfuti ine uremu 4.3 makirogiramu zvazvinoita yakaenzana 6,88 makirogiramu / cm iro rikawira mukati muchikwata kupfuura avhareji.

338 caliber nepfuti havasi bhajeti muchikwata. Pakuziva zvakawanda zvombo uye zvombo zvinokosha kutenga inodhura. optics simba. Zvinonzi Dzakamukurudzirawo kupa silencer pfuti kudzivirira yawakanzwa uye kudzivirira ruoko kuparadzira masarasara kumativi.

Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti caliber 338 akasikwa kuti kuzadza mukaha pakati .30 caliber (7.62 mm) uye .50 (12.7mm). Zvichida zvakadaro. Tichienzanisa wokutanga akaberekwa 338 Lapua, kubudikidza Akazadzisa dziva, zvishoma pachena kuti mhepo uye anodzokororwa kinetic simba mudunhu nani, uye izvi zvinoitawo hwakaipa zvikuru kushanda.

Nokuda kwayo sandara trajectory nhare zvakasimba midzi pakati nyanzvi muchiuto uye mapurisa nemasoja akavanda. With chombo zvakakodzera anokwanisa vachiridzira pamusoro kiromita kure, uye pasi akanaka ezvinhu, sezvo kukurukurwa pamusoro, anopa masendimita 15 chete paradzira panguva vachiridzira ari kure ichi. Zvikasadaro, zvose shoma chete nokuda nezvaanogona museve.