The CATALYTIC basa kwemapurotini: mienzaniso. The chikuru mabasa kwemapurotini

Mapuroteni vari sezvingatarisirwa kuitika Organic yeimwe vane macromolecular yakarongeka. The morekuru izvi zvinhu ndiyo nerazvetvlyayuschimsya polymer. Mapuroteni Makavakwa kubva 20 amino acids. Vane STRUCTURAL mamorekuru shoma chikwata - monomer. Zvese zviri interconnected mapuroteni polypeptide, mune mamwe mashoko - a urea, tateguru cheni refu zvakakwana. Panyaya iyi, iyo samolecular uremu ingabva chiuru shoma kusvika mamiriyoni mabhomba inoramba.

Chii chingava puroteni

Kuti uone chikuru kushanda puroteni, zvinokosha kunzwisisa maumbirwo izvi zvinhu. Panguva iyoyo pane akasiyana maviri ichi kwevanhu zvinoriumba inokosha: fibrous uye globular. Kusiyanisa navo kunyanya nokuda musiyano iri sechivako puroteni Morekuru.

Globular fuma iri zvakanaka soluble kwete nemvura asi munyu mhinduro. Saka kwakadaro puroteni Morekuru ane idenderedzwa chimiro. Kwakadaro solubility yakanaka inogona nyore akatsanangura nzvimbo mhosva amino asidhi residues, ayo takapoteredzwa hydration goko, pamusoro pemvura globule. Izvi ndizvo zvinopa kwakadaro nevanhu hwakanaka zvokufembedzwa siyana. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvinoumba mu globular boka rinosanganisira zvose makemikari, uyewo vanenge vose pakugadzira zvinoshingaira mapurotini.

Panyaya fibrous zvinokuvadza, mamorekuru zvavo vane fibrous yakarongeka. The CATALYTIC basa kwemapurotini kunokosha chaizvo. Saka zvakaoma kufungidzira waivako ayo pasina adjuvants. Fibrillar mapuroteni regai kuiparadza chero munyu zvinogadzirisa, zvichida vanhuwo mvura. mamorekuru dzavo vari yakarongwa kwakafanana polypeptide nengetani. Kwakadaro zvinhu zvinobatanidzwa paumbwe dzimwe STRUCTURAL zvinhu connective munyama. It elastin, puroteni collagen.

A boka chaicho mapuroteni yakaoma, izvo zvinosanganisira kwete amino asidhi asiwo nucleic acids, makabhohaidhiretsi uye nezvimwewo zvinhu. All yenhengo izvi zvinoita basa rinokosha. Zvikuru kukosha ndiyo CATALYTIC basa kwemapurotini. Uyezve, zvakadai zvinokuvadza vari kuronga kufema pigments, mahormone, uyewo yakavimbika kudzivirira chero muviri. Biosynthesis of puroteni rinoitwa pasi ribosome. Izvi zviri pakutsvaga nhepfenyuro kunobva nucleic acids.

The CATALYTIC basa kwemapurotini

Catalysis-siyana makemikoro - chinonyanya kukosha basa kwemapurotini. pezvakaitwa akafanana kuitwa makemikari. Ko mapuroteni kuti vane zvakananga CATALYTIC ehupfumi. Mumwe nomumwe izvi zvinhu anogona kutakura mumwe kana akawanda zvakafanana siyana. Makemikari catalyze kuti cleavage muitiro mamorekuru akaoma uye dzavo kwetunhu. Mune imwe nzira, maitiro inonzi catabolism uye anabolism. The CATALYTIC basa kwemapurotini uye kunosanganisirawo yokugadzirisa DNA kuberekana uye RNA usage chizvaro.

Chii catalysis

Nechekare ne 2013, masayendisiti akawana zvishoma kupfuura 5000 makemikari. Izvi zvinhu vanokwanisa kuchinja nzira dzinenge zvose nokukanganisika siyana. Kuti kuva pachena CATALYTIC kushanda mapuroteni, zvakafanira kunzwisisa zviri catalysis. Mutauro wechiGiriki pfungwa iyi rinoshandurwa se "zvipo zvakapera". Catalysis iri kuchinja aibuda velocity chero makemikari kuita. Izvi zvinoitika pasi kuitwa zvimwe yeimwe. Makemikari ave anowedzera mapurotini. Mienzaniso Fani iyi inowanika nguva dzose muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Just munhu asingadi cherechedzai.

MUENZANISO CATALYTIC basa

Kuti tinzwisise kuti Zvakaitwa enzayemu, zvinokosha kufunga mienzaniso mishoma. Saka, chii chiri CATALYTIC basa kwemapurotini. mienzaniso:

1. Panguva photosynthesis ribulezobifosfatkarboksilaza catalysis kunopa Kuda kutamba pamusoro CO _2.
2. Rehydrogen peroxide iri unodokwairira okisijeni uye mvura.
3. DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA.
4. Amylase iri unodokwairira inokwanisa sitachi kuti maltose.
5. Kudzikisirana pamusoro carbonic asidhi: CO ₂ + H ₂ Haiwa + HCO ₃ ⁺ H.

The CATALYTIC basa kwemapurotini ndiko mhanyisa chero makemikari transformations. Kwazvinoita zvakafanana kuita kwetunhu, disintegration vamiririri, munhu wacho maatomu kana kuchinjwa maerekitironi kubva chinoumba chimwe.

senga basa

Anokosha foni neimwe inofanira nekugadzirwa dzakasiyana zvinhu dzisingabvumirwi chete nokuda kwavo kuvaka zvinhu, asiwo simba ane mhando. Biological mabasa anosanganisira mapurotini uye zvifambiso. zvinoriumba aya kusvitsa muchitokisi rinokosha nyaya zvose, nokuti membranes zvakavakwa anoverengeka akaturikidzana ose lipids. Zviri pano uye pane zvakasiyana-siyana mapurotini. Panyaya iyi, iyo hydrophilic nharaunda yose yaitaura pamusoro uye miswe - mu pakukora yacho membrane. mamiriro Izvi haabvumiri kuti kupinda munzvimbo masero Zvakakosha chaizvo zvinhu - ions pamusoro alkali nesimbi, amino acids uye shuga. Mapuroteni zvakave zvose yenhengo izvi muzvitokisi kuti kudya kwavo. Somuenzaniso, Chizenga transports okisijeni.

Kanotokonya

The chikuru kushanda puroteni kwete chete kupa simba masero zvipenyu, asiwo kubatsira kuziva zviratidzo dzinobva kwokunze zvakatipoteredza uye yakavakidzana masero. The kupfuura unoshamisa Muenzaniso Fani iyi - the acetylcholine Kanotokonya, riri pamusoro Kamudzira vanenge interneural vokukurukura. Masero pacharo kunokosha chaizvo. Mapuroteni vanoita Kanotokonya nerevane kudyidzana kwavo acetylcholine unoratidzwa kuchiitirwa nenzira. Somugumisiro, mukati muchitokisi zvitange chiratidzo. Zvisinei, pashure penguva yakati, neurotransmitter anofanira kubviswa. Chete iyi, sero achakwanisa kugamuchira chiratidzo itsva. Zvinonzi basa iri rinoitwa nomumwe makemikari - atsetilholtnesteraza kuti anoita kukamurwa kumusoro gidrolizatsetilholina choline uye acetate.

chengetedza

The rokuzvidzivirira chero chipenyu kukwanisa kupindura panowanikwa dzimwe nezvimedu pamuviri. Panyaya iyi, puroteni iri kusashanda unodzivirira ushande. Mumuviri, pane kusimudzira vakawanda lymphocytes, anogona kuparadza nyika pathogenic utachiona, macromolecules, uye mamwe masero kenza. Rimwe mapoka aya zvinhu runotevera chaiwo mapurotini - immunoglobulins. It is yavaive izvi zvinhu zviri muropa. The immunoglobulins kuziva wokumwe nezvimedu uye dzinoumba yakananga kunzwisisa zvikuru chaizvo kuparadza rwakazara. Saka vakatakura unodzivirira kushanda puroteni.

STRUCTURAL

mapuroteni basa muchitokisi anoenda kucherechedzwa munhu. Zvimwe zvinhu zviri kunyanya STRUCTURAL kukosha. mapuroteni izvi zvinopa simba zvemaziso kune mumwe nyama iri zvinenge. Chokutanga, zviri collagen. Ndiro huru chezvinonhuwira ari extracellular chizvaro vose connective munyama mumuviri mupenyu.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mhuka collagen kunoita vanenge 25% of zvachose uremu kwemapurotini. Kwetunhu chikamu ichi unowanikwa fibroblasts. Ndivo masero inokosha chero connective tishu. Pakutanga akaumba procollagen. Ichi acho ndiwo aizotangira uye mishonga zvakaipa randinogara mune oxidation pamusoro hydroxyproline kuti proline residues, uye kuti gidrksilina lysine residues. Collagen anogadzirwa muchimiro peptide necheni matatu, wakamonyaniswa kuva zononoka.

Hazvisi zvose mashandiro kwemapurotini. Biology - chaizvo sainzi yakaoma, izvo zvinoita kuti uzive uye vanoziva zvakawanda kuitika mumuviri womunhu. Mumwe Zvaiitwa puroteni kunoita basa rinokosha. Saka, muna kwakavharwa nenyama munyama, akadai zvemapapu, ropa mudziyo masvingo uye ganda ane elastin. mapuroteni ichi anokwanisa ruoko uye kudzokera yaro yepakutanga chimiro.

motokari mapuroteni

Muscle marwadzo - imwe nzira iyo kutendeuka simba mumabhatiri muchimiro ATP mamorekuru mu macroergic pyrophosphate linkages, kureva kupinda zvokuimba basa. Panyaya iyi, mashandiro puroteni muchitokisi ushande myosin uye actin. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane pachake zvachiri.

Myosin ane kujairika marongerwo. mapuroteni ichi chine filamentary mugove zvakakwana refu - muswe, uyewo globular misoro anoverengeka. Myosin asunungurwa, kazhinji zviri muchimiro hexamer. chikamu ichi chakaumbwa zvakawanda chose kufanana polypeptide nengetani, chimwe nechimwe chine samolecular kurema 200 vezviuru, uye 4 necheni vane uremu samolecular ndiyo zviuru chete 20.

Actin chinhu globular mapuroteni iro anokwanisa polymerize. Kana ichi acho anoumba chivakwa zvakakwana refu, unonzi F-actin. Chete zvakadaro chinoumba mamiriro anogona kazhinji kushamwaridzana myosin.

Mienzaniso chikuru mashandiro kwemapurotini

yechipiri dzose mumasero mupenyu muviri kuitika pezvakaitwa-siyana izvo hakwaikwanisika pasina mapurotini. Muenzaniso Kanotokonya basa kwakadaro zvinhu inogona shoko masero adrenoceptor accession adrenaline. Kana chavakaona chiedza manyowa kuti rhodopsin. Fani iyi inotanga zvingaitwa uye vakatendeukira seinä.

Panyaya STRUCTURAL features, muenzaniso zvakanakisisa iyi inogona kushanda nezvaizoitwa collagen. Izvi zvinhu anopa connective munyama zvikuru elasticity.

Muenzaniso chokufambisa mashandiro Chizenga ari kutakura okisijeni akapoteredza muviri mupenyu.

In mhedziso

Izvi zvose zvinhu zvipenyu mashandiro kwemapurotini. Mumwe nomumwe wavo kunokosha chaizvo kuti vapenyu muviri. In ichi chaizvo basa rinoitwa runoenzanirana mapuroteni. Kusavapo vakadaro zvinoriumba kunogona kukonzera malfunctions mamwe nadzo uye hurongwa mumuviri.