Territory mumutemo dzakawanda: pfungwa uye mhando

mutemo International anopa pfungwa "nharaunda" kukosha pepasi Pasi. It anofukidza nyika uye aqueous mugove, moyo yose, airspace uye muchadenga, uye pamwechete navo miviri yokudenga, akaziva (kana rakazaruka ramangwana) iri renzou.

Concept uye mhando mundima mutemo dzakawanda

"Territory", sezvo pfungwa dzevanhu, chokuita kuti "mamiriro", zvakare, sezvo pamutemo pfungwa. Nokuti pasina mundima mamiriro haisi. Chaizvoizvo, encased mune imwe nzvimbo miganhu, nevanhu vanogara mhenyu pairi, ndiko mamiriro Database.

Pachishandiswa basa kodzero hurumende, zvakakodzera agopfigira mhando nzvimbo. In mutemo dzakawanda, pane vatatu:

- mundima imwe ezvinhu;

- aine kunovhengana yokupira murayiro;

- Muganhu Unorudzi dzakawanda kukosha.

ndima mamiriro

Ndizvo chikamu chenyika paNyika, riri pasi kudzorwa imwe yoga mamiriro. zvinhu zvayo miganhu dziri mukati kumiganhu kuzivikanwa dzakawanda. Ndima wehurumende mumutemo dzakawanda haangorevi nyika asiwo yakapoteredza kwemvura, mhepo nzvimbo uye pamusoro nzvimbo (kusvika 110 km) uye subsoil (Gwaro hapana kurambidzwa, chaizvoizvo - pamusoro kudzika iripo).

Mundima mamiriro, mutemo remarudzi inodzorwa, inogona akochonorwa nzizi, nehova, gungwa (hurumende pazvitsuwa), kana nharaunda wenyika yakavakidzana (enclaves). All nzvimbo yenyika yacho, pasinei Kunyanya nzvimbo, chinhu chinokosha uye indivisible ezvinhu pasi wayo simba uye uchangamire.

By mvura mamiriro zvahunoreva, sezvakatenderanwa United Nations Convention on Mutemo Gungwa (1982), mvura mumakungwa, pamusoro kundima, uyewo kure negungwa nzizi, madziva, migero, bays, nemhenderekedzo dziri pamutemo kumuganhu mumwe ehurumende (upamhi mhenderekedzo kubva kumhenderekedzo kugungwa havagoni kuva anopfuura 24 nautical makiromita), apo pakapinda nyika uye chiteshi, uye mvura bays enhoroondo.

ndima Air-mamiriro mumutemo dzakawanda - riri rose ndima nyika mhepo nzvimbo: pamusoro chikamu nyika, gungwa uye mvura yomukati nzvimbo bhanhire. Air nzvimbo, uyewo mamwe cover zvose uchangamire, nemirau nomutemo gadziriro ehurumende Somuenzaniso, zvichaita kushandisa mitemo Flights mhepo liners.

changamire ruenzano

Mirau dzakawanda ine urongwa pamusoro mambo wakaenzana States. Rinopa vimbiso ipi kunyika mukati memiganhu yawo ezvidzidzo miganhu ukuru. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti simba imwe mamiriro mundima naye nguva dzose pemasimba epamusoro yokupira masangano kana vanhu vanogara pamusoro nharaunda wehurumende ichi. Pane chiri kunze simba zvimwe rudzi, uye zvemitemo, nezvakatongwa, Executive, administrative, etc. Ane kodzero kushandisa kwete chete kune vagari nyika, asi kuti vanhu vokune dzimwe nyika nyika, uyewo pamutemo (kana zvimwe inopiwa nevamwe zvibvumirano dzakawanda).

Ndima wehurumende ari mutemo remarudzi ndiyo rwenyika pamwero wenyika uye dzinogarisana vanhu munyika, ari mumiganhu izvo mukuru nesimba mamiriro.

Kvaziterritoriya

By kureva mamiriro ari miganhu weboka conditionally kushandisa kvaziterritorii. Nyika ino Holdings kuti chehondo nedzenyu mamishini kuvamiriri mahofisi dzimwe inoti. Uyewo kvaziterritoriyam zvinosanganisira zvikepe, zvikepe, nendege uye chitundumusere-musere. Havazivi kukodzera pfungwa "nharaunda" mumutemo dzakawanda, sezvo hariwaniki huru zviri pfungwa iyi. Yakanga chete ndechokuti mundima idzi akawedzera utongi zvakatangwa mamiriro, vakatsanangura kuziva izvi kvaziterritory chete State.

With kongiri yokupira kurongeka

Ndiyo pechiso munyanza. Rinosanganisira anyatsofukidzwa mumakungwa yakaoma pamwe pedyo dzoga, uyewo mapazi yaiva mhiri miganhu gungwa. A pachena kuchiitwa munzvimbo idzi - kwete kuva chero mamiriro. Asi nyika iri pfupi pedyo, vane kodzero kuongorora uye mushure kusaina kuMudzidzisi zvinyorwa, kukura ndima idzi nechinangwa kuchengetedza uye enhancement kuti zvicherwa uye zviwanikwa, uyewo mhuka.

nzizi International uye yakaoma, migero uye zvitsuwa (vane simba dzakawanda chibvumirano ukama) Uyewo akataura mundima yakavhenganiswa nzira.

Muganhu sezvakarayirwa dzakawanda kukosha

Chikamu ichi venyika, airspace uye mvura kwete chikamu chero mamiriro. All nyika vane kodzero yakaenzana kundima. Territory (mu mutemo dzakawanda) kuti hurongwa dzakawanda kukosha - ndiwo nzvimbo pamwe mapuraneti, satellites, comets, nezvimwewo, Antarctica, pakadzika pasi akatarisana muganhu pasi pagungwa Continental vematunhu, pegungwa pemvura pamusoro payo uye airspace mumiganhu mvura. . Uyewo inogona artificially akasika muzvitsuwa, zvivako uye zvivako, iro rinogona kukuvakai pasherefu kungova kondinendi uye munharaunda akauya pasi pamutemo hurumende chaiyo, chero State, maererano dzakawanda mutemo mugungwa. Munzvimbo idzi haushandi womumwe chepamutemo National simba. Ndivo chete kwakakodzera mutemo dzakawanda.

A nhamba nzvimbo, rikaudza pamutemo zviridzwa dzakawanda, vave kukudziridza pfungwa nhaka yevanhu. Muenzaniso unoshamisa womumwe mwedzi uye mimwe miviri yokudenga shoma (1979). Country, anotungamirirwa dzemunharaunda uye nenheyo mutemo dzakawanda, kuti pachena kuongorora muchadenga uye zvinhu zvokudenga. Muna 1982, CM akazivisa nharaunda kuteerera kurongeka dzakawanda, international pasi pegungwa wayo chaivo zviwanikwa, pasina chero ropafadzo nokuda nechimwe signatory nyika.

mutemo International iri mundima Russian Federation

The uchangamire Russian Federation, maererano Article 4 reMitemo, chinoenderana yose nenyika yaro. A mitemo yeUnited, pamwe Constitution vari mukuru mundima yose Russia.

The Russian Federation inokurukura zvakakodzera kutarisira kuvimbika uye indivisibility nezvinhu zvavo.

Part rimwe Chikamu 67 wokuRussia Bumbiro iri vaite mundima Russian Federation remunharaunda ndima vose vainotonga, kuti miganhu gungwa, kure negungwa mvura uye airspace pamusoro yose nyika.

Nokuti Muchikamu onshore yeRussian Federation zvikurukuru, vanonzi nyika nhema kuchamhembe nemahombekombe Russian kweArctic Ocean, kana zvichida akazaruka mune ramangwana. Vari kuzivikanwa nomutemo dzakawanda, kana anowira mukati meridians kuti kubatanidza North Pole uye hwakanyanya pfungwa yacho romumhenderekedzo yegungwa mapazi weRussia.