Symmetry mu akitekicha

Chii anobatanidza Chinese Pagoda pamwe Sydney Opera House? Houston Astrodome pamwe muhombe Pantheon muRoma? Greek Parthenon, wakarambidzwa City muna China, Angkor Wat muna Cambodia, temberi uye mapiramidhi of pre-Columbian dzomunyika? Zvichida chimiro? A mhinduro neyakarurama - "symmetry". Mumwe nomumwe mienzaniso inotevera, pasinei nguva yavo netsika, akabatana nayo.

Symmetry mu akitekicha chaizvoizvo rinoreva "mumwe chete pfungwa."

Dzinenge zvinangwa mapurani.

In upenyu hwevanhu vari kutarisana mugumisiro kunokosha chaizvo, uye kunoratidzwa zvizere mavakirwo payo. Zvivako Large nguva dzose akaita pfungwa, kunyange vane muitiro uyu se "kutyisidzira" akachitarisa. Symmetry mu akitekicha chinhu chisingadzivisiki zvinoumba pfungwa pazvinangwa izvi.

Mavakirwo Evhangeri yemvura noMweya ndiyo vezvimwe uri nokuda kwayo spatial hunhu. Chinangwa murongedzeri wechokwadi chinoguma mune sangano nzvimbo, iyo ichava munhandare remapazi.

The symmetry mune uye decoration rwokugadzira akavamba munhoroondo. Pfungwa symmetry rakaiswa pamasikiro zvinhu maumbirwo zvose uye hukuru. Asi kupenda (ari maviri-dimensional sezvamunoita), zviri nyore kunzwisisa, kuti kuziva mhando symmetry iri-dimensional matatu zvinhu zvakawanda zvakaoma nokuti manzwisisire atinoita chinhu anochinja kana tikatarisa akasiyana pamakona. Kana mapurani, kwete chete tinogona kuwana vakapoteredza chinhu kubva kumativi ose, asi kuti vafambe nayo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mavakirwo inopa rwuve kwete chete kuona symmetry, asi kuti "muedzo" izvozvo, nokuti ine zvikamu zviviri: kuti "zvisina maturo" uye "neukukutu".

Okuruka akitekicha kuzivikanwa zvose. temberi Greek iri nyore vanozivikanwa pabiravira uye pediment. The Gothic Cathedral kunoratidzwa namaberere uye buttresses. zvinhu izvi vanoumba "zvakaoma" ganda mapurani. Anoshayiwa kana mapurani nzvimbo, tinonzwa, nomunyika chivakwa.

symmetry mhando

How mapurani zvitaera zvakawanda, pane mhando dzakawanda kudaro symmetry.

Kazhinji, vari rakakamurwa mhando mbiri: Mapoka pfungwa uye mapoka nzvimbo. Mapoka Point vanoonekwa ne reshiyo dzavo, dzinenge chinokosha nhangaruvazhe. Mapoka Space havana chaiyo nhungamiro.

Bilateral symmetry muna mapurani, nokure inonyanya chimiro, inowanikwa mutsika dzose uye makore ose. It sezvikamu sezvamunoita girazi mumwe (somuenzaniso - Pantheon France muRoma). Zvingava varipo kwete chete nedanda rechikero chivako chete, asiwo mumaguta nzvimbo: unyanzvi ichi chinogona kuwanika magadzirirwe Praça kuita Comércio (Commerce Square) iri Lisbon (guru guta square, suwo akakura, yakakura zvitoro mumugwagwa kunze kwegedhi vari zvakafanana, ichibata noruremekedzo kuti refu chinjikira akabatana, izvo anodzora kutarisana maonero).

Rotational uye tichifungisisa symmetry pave pfungwa rwokufamba mutinhimira, vachifunga nechepakati pfungwa mapurani nzvimbo.

The cylindrical symmetry mu mapurani anogona kuwanikwa kunyanya shongwe neshongwe.

Chiral symmetry, zvichida isingasviki kuzivikanwa, asi kakawanda uye zvinobudirira kushandiswa mapurani.

The symmetry zvakafanana zvino kukwezva yakawanda hanya uye zvinozivikanwa zvikurukuru nokuda zvitupa pamwe fractals. Spiral kana helical symmetry ari mapurani kunganzi rinokosha mhando symmetry pazvakafanana.

Translational symmetry anopinda nzvimbo boka, uye pashure bilateral symmetry - vakawanda mhando symmetry ari mapurani.

Nokuti zvose izvi, vakawanda kwezvivako vari symmetry vanopfuura mumwe mhando. Somuenzaniso, imwe Chinese pagodi, umo mune cylindrical symmetry uye kufanana.

mapurani nzvimbo

Zvino chii chokuita mapurani nzvimbo. Pfungwa mbiri dziri inokosha iri kutsanangura "zvisina maturo": nepakati uye mugwagwa. Mavakirwo pakati, zvinonzwisiswa sezvo pfungwa, asi nzira - akabatana. The Center Rinobatanidzwa ne inokosha nzvimbo mukati hombe mapurani dzezvimwe, dzakadai atari mukereke. Nzira (akabatana) - sangano kuburikidza Fafitera wacho nzvimbo.

akabatana kuti symmetry - chikuru achishandisa kutaura mapurani zvakagadzirwa. Nhoroondo akitekicha-gore 1,500 Kupfuura chinoratidza kuti mapurani nzvimbo yave rakavapo pamusoro emakore pamwe huru kusimbisa symmetry. MuRoma yekare, yakaoma axial symmetry mu mapurani chamuita kuti akakura, kunofambira mberi dzezvimwe, kuratidza pfungwa nepakati, uye kwete simba.