Sufi nemifananidzo, uye uzivi

Sufi Uzivi - rinokosha bazi Islam, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva zvitendwa, kunakidzwa uye austerity. Mabviro ezwi pfungwa "Sufism" kujeka: mamwe masayendisiti anodavira zviri kuitika kubva pashoko "shinda" (kubva iyo hembe iri vasonanidza hwokuzvinyima), vamwe vanoona kunobva shoko "pabhenji" (umo Sufis vaiva). Ndirwowo kwakabva "Sufism" pfungwa kungakanganisa kukosha "Sufi" mudzi - wakachena.

Mabviro dzidziso

Yokutanga vanozvinyima Sufi akaonekwa VIII-IX emakore. n. e., nguva pfupi pashure yatanga uye kupararira Islam. Zvisinei, maererano vaongorori vakawanda, mabukira of Sufi dzidziso yokutanga vakaberekerwa munguva akare. Sufism wefodya zvokunamata zvinhu zvakawanda zvitendero ekare uye dzidziso, asi wakanga uye inoramba nheyo yakasimba mumwechete.

"Grand Sheikh"

Chinonyanya nomukurumbira uye kukosha Sufi muzivi vaiona al-Din Muhiyi Ibn 'Arabi, nokuti uchenjeri hwake akadana Great Sheikh. simba rake rakanga kukuru zvose pamusoro vaairarama uye Zvakazoitwa Zvizvarwa nevafungi, kunyange nhengo dzimwe dzenzvimbo kwouzivi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti rezvipfuwo Ibn'Arabi ndezvaJehovha vanopfuura 100 mabhuku mabasa uzivi. Pakati pavo, "The zvakazarurwa Meccan", anonzi Encyclopedia Sufism uye ine mhinduro dzemibvunzo yakawanda, uyewo bhuku kwouzivi "Anokosha Uchenjeri" uye nhetembo muunganidzwa "The mharidzo chido."

Main nyaya: kubatana zvakapesana

The Sufi Dzidziso zvinomutsa mibvunzo yakawanda: sei Mwari kunzwisiswa anogona sezvo yakasiyana panguva imwe chete generating dzakasiyana-siyana yose mananara nyika; nzvimbo munhu munyika, uye sei zvinhu chokuita kwaMwari; ndezvipi zvaangaita chaidzo uye muganhu ruzivo kwevanhu uye chiito.

In Sufism pane kutaura pamusoro kubatana zvakapesana: nguva yava vasingasiyani kubva kusingaperi, mumwe kubva chete yepasi kubva raMwari. Uye zvinorehwa chinyorwa ichi hachisi chete uzivi. It mberi mberi, kukwidza mubvunzo romunda nezvetsika, tsika, tsika uye zvaunotenda. Panguva iyoyowo kuti kuzvipira kubva Islamic tsika: ichi ndiwo chitendero Sufism anonzi soro uye kupfuura akakwana dzose dzidziso husina pamusoro vanhu. Uyezve, ushamwari pakati Sufism pamwe Islamic chetsika pfungwa richiratidzwa pakuti Sufis dzinoramba kutadza kwenyama pachayo (asi kwete Kutadza frills) uye kutaura kurambwa monasticism tsika dzechiKristu. Sufis vanoti: mufaro havagoni kuva oga pakunamata kana oga acho; mufaro - muri dzavo, kana waguta, uye avo uye zvimwe zvinodiwa nevanhu.

Main nyaya: murume - raMwari zimukadzimu

Munguva dzekare muchimiro Sufi uzivi rinozivisa biunity nyika kuti, kuti ndiye vasingasiyani kubatana pakati chokwadi uye Creation, Mwari uye nyika. Chimwe chinokosha ndozvinoita Sufi tsika zvakananga nokukurukurirana zviito nevavariro. Pfungwa iyi, zvakare, kwakavakirwa muuzivi Islam. Maererano Sufi pfungwa, mugumisiro chero chinhu kunobva chinangwa uye munhu wese awane chaizvo zvaari kutsvaga. Ukuwo, inokosha nhungamiro Sufism anoti hapana mashoko haagoni kuva kuchinjika.

Maererano nezvaidavirwa Sufis, murume ndiye zimukadzimu raMwari, uye mumwe nomumwe nezvaaizoita vatungamiri kwaMwari, uye kuva kunyatsoenderana - Managed pachako kuburikidza Mwari. Mupfungwa iyi, hapana nzira chakaipa, nekuti nzira zvose zvinotungamirira kuna Mwari. Saka Sufi Uzivi rinosimbisa kubvumira: kubva hakuna ruzivo munyika chinhu asi zivo yaMwari, uye hapana chimwe rinoitwa nevamwe vavariro kunze chido Mwari. Saka, chero chitendero chechokwadi. The chete chinhu chenhema - kuziviswa dzidziso ipi zvechitendero akavimbika zvikuru uye mawa Paakaramba unonyatsoratidza zvimwe zvitendero. Sufis kuona chokwadi, chero muchimiro nayo ringaratidzwa.

Vavariro Sufism

Dingindira muuzivi Sufism Vatsigiri rusununguko kwemweya. mudetembi Famous uye Sufi VaRoma akanyora: "Mweya panyika - mutorongo, uye achagara imomo, apo tichirarama panyika." Kudzima nyota rusununguko zvinogona kukwirira zvomudzimu, chido batanidza naMwari. The Sufi haisi chete kufunga ari, anorarama pano uye ikozvino. Vateveri dzidziso iyi vakaedza kunzwisisa pachavo uye kudzidzisa vamwe zvakananga kukurukurirana naMwari, uhwo haufaniri kuita rubatsiro vapristi. Ndizvo zvinotaura Sufis vakatambudzwa uye mhaka chechiJudha Islamists. Chikamu mafungiro ichi vachiri rikunde.

Kunokosha Sufism - rokurera "murume akakwana", kukwanisa kumuka pamusoro maturo pasi uye kuratidzwa akaipa pamusoro pezvawakaita. Great Sufi nzira yomudzimu rinonzi "tariqa". Muenzaniso uyu anonzi kuti paumbwe imwe Biography hweMuporofita Muhammad pakunamata.

Kuchinja tsika Sufism

Sufism rave chaizvo vaiisa kukura uzivi, tsika uye aesthetics, unyanzvi uye mabhuku. uchenjeri Sufi zvinoratidzwa basa Eastern vadetembi nevafungi ava kunopera Middle Ages, kufanana Farid al-Din Al-'Attar, Ibn al-Farid, Dzhalalad-Din Ar-VaRoma, Omar Khayyam, Jami, Abu Ali Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Nizami Gyandzhevi Ali Shir Navoi and said., uyo akashanda maererano Sufi Chirevo rudo, kupanga Beloved (kureva, Mwari). Maererano Sufis, rudo (mahabba) - ichi ndicho chikuru pfungwa womunhu, iyo inotungamirira kubatana pakati anoda uye anodiwa.

The kuitika mune X-XV emakore. Sufi mabhuku anomiririrwa kunyanya nhetembo, asike mitauro kuMiddle East: .. Arabic, Farsi, Turkish, Persian, Urdu, etc. A nzvimbo inokosha inogarwa Sufi mufananidzo, ndiye quintessence pakati uchenjeri kwouzivi uye tiwane dzidziso.

Topics nemifananidzo

Chii chinonzi mufananidzo? In chinonyanya Kazhinji, ndiko pfupi unodzidzisa nyaya, zvinokosha tsika pfungwa iyo runoratidzwa ndeyokufananidzira chimiro.

Nyika, iyo anovhura Sufi nemifananidzo, zvichiita kuti zvechokwadi chokwadi. Saka zviri siyana sezvo upenyu pachahwo, uye zvikuru dzinovhiringidza. Mumwe munhu anonzwisisa mifananidzo iyi zvakasiyana, asi ivo vose kugovana chinangwa nevakawanda. At moyo wavo - kuwana chokwadi kuburikidza norudo uye kubudikidza renunciation rake youdyire "ini" chiratidzo rakafukidzwa. By kunzwisisa iwe ichi zvakaoma, munhu angawana naMwari wake wechokwadi "I".

Enhetembo mufananidzo Rumi

Vamwe Sufi mufananidzo akanyorwa prose chimiro, apo vamwe - vari enhetembo. Ekupedzisira zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, basa nyanduri Rumi. Inounganidzwa mubhuku "Nzira transformations" Sufi mufananidzo rinoshandurwa kubva Persian Dmitry Shchedrovitskii. Ivowo ezvitendero nouzivi mashoko pamberi mufananidzo neimwe. Bhuku racho rinewo yetsika uye mupfungwa rinotsanangura, Markom Hatkevichem mashoko. Zvose zvakataurwa kunzwisisa zvirinani musimboti nokudzika pakunamata uye patsika nemifananidzo. Bhuku rakabudiswa muna 2007 maererano kuzivisa imba "Kwaziwai" (Moscow).

Sufi mufananidzo nezverudo

Maererano Sufi uzivi, rudo ndirwo musimboti wezvose uye kutyaira simba mumaoko aMwari, yainzi Beloved mukudzidzisa ichi. Mumufananidzo dzidziso rudo Sufi kwehuMwari kunoratidzirwa sedimikira, kuburikidza ezvinhu mifananidzo. Somuenzaniso, kushandisa chinozivikanwa yekare Arabic ngano pamusoro rudo vakomana Kaisa (remadunhurirwa rokuti Majnun, "kuwira kupenga") kuti musikana Layla. Nemufananidzo waMwari anoratidzwa azvino uye muchimiro Majnun - mweya nenyota kuziva mufananidzo waMwari, pakunamata uye kuwana mukuru Chokwadi. Maererano nezvaidavirwa Sufis, paradhiso - ichi haisi nzvimbo asi mamiriro. Mumwe umo mwoyo uzere norudo rwomudzimu, uye meso kuona zvakadzama zvinhu munyika. Somugumisiro, omumwe murume - chinhu kupfuura fungidziro kwemweya, yomukati chimiro. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, unogona kuchinja nyika chete kuburikidza yomukati yokuchenesa uye zvinodiwa mude. Uye totaura mufaro, kugutsikana, kugutsikana uye kuonga.

Sezvo mienzaniso mifananidzo rudo kunogona kunzi mabasa VaRoma "Rudo Majnun", "Majnun uye imbwa", "Nyaya yokutsungirira kuda" Navoi "On Valentine", "Vadi" Sanayi. mifananidzo iyi, vari rakanyorwa nevanyori vakasiyana, vakabatanidzwa vakawanda pfungwa chete anopenga,-unoparadza zvose rudo kunopa njere kwechokwadi kunoratidza kuti munhu chokwadi dzose Kupenya.

Other Sufi mufananidzo

Kakawanda nyaya zvirevo zivo mibvunzo, kuwana zvaaida, tsika kusarudza , uye zvichingodaro. D. A muenzaniso akakurumbira uchenjeri Sufi mufananidzo mvura. In zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana inonzi "Kana kuchinja mvura", "somuzivi uye mvura" kana "Mvura kupenga." Kufanana ose Sufi mufananidzo, unogona kuva kududzira akawanda uye vainzwisisa zvakasiyana nevanhu vakasiyana. Most vari kushamisika pamusoro kukuvadza kana kubatsira kutakura mvura itsva. Vamwe zvibvunze zvakarurama akapinda chikuru gamba mufananidzo, kwete pakutanga vakanwa mvura itsva uye torega kupenga, asi zvino, asingakwanisi kutakura kusurukirwa, asi kubatana revanhu. Chimwe dzinonakidza maonero pamusoro nyaya mufananidzo chingava mubvunzo: "Nei murume uyu akasarudza kutiza mvura itsva oga, pane kuedza kuwana wakadaro?"

Nemamwe mashoko, Sufi mifananidzo, hapana kuroorwa dudziro, uye zvaanoreva kunoratidzwa munhu ari muitiro kufunga uye ndichizvibvunza mibvunzo. Pakupedzisira, mumwe munhu anoona chimwe chinhu mumufananidzo wake.

Sufi mufananidzo - rakasiyana tsime rouchenjeri, kubatsira vanhu kuti kuvhura pfungwa dzavo uye bvunza mibvunzo kuti murege kuuya kwaari pamberi. Uzivi Sufism - nezvechimwe chinhu chinonakidza, kwezviuru zvemakore kuti ichishanduka kubva tsika nepfungwa. Zvinonzi kusiyaniswa unoshamisa kubvumira uye kubudirana pachena kuti ruzivo itsva nezvaMwari. Theoreticians pamusoro Sufism akadana dzidziso yake "chitendero rudo".