Ndiani helmsman mukuru?

Leafing kuburikidza ekare penyaya periodicals Soviet anogona kuwanikwa mashoko okuti "mashoko helmsman guru". Tsvaka zvazvinoreva, nyaya ino ichakubatsira.

prehistory

Kokutanga akadaro mashoko inowanikwa mumabhuku echiKristu. Zvikurukuru, Ioann Zlatoust, uyo akararama panguva kwezana pemakore 4-5, yake bhuku "Kukurukurirana pamusoro Mubhuku raGenesi," rinonzi Great Helmsman woWokumusorosoro, uye ngarava yake - the Church.

Shoko "mutyairi", zviri mumutauro wokuRussia ane zvekare nautical izwi unoenderana yazvino pfungwa "gozvo".

Iosif Stalin

Muna September 1934 mashoko okuti "helmsman kukuru" rakashandiswa muna rimwe editorials ari pepanhau "Pravda". Nyaya chakatsaurwa kuti kuchinja of Northern Sea Route aizi "Fyodor Litke" kubva Vladivostok kusvika Murmansk. Pepa rino, vashandi vemo akapiwa mudziyo teregiramu umo zvakanzi: ". The kukunda yakahwina ... ndatenda ... tsvimbo, kuti vaite basa pahwaro ... ... ... mirayiridzo Great Helmsman Shamwari Stalin" Kushandiswa rokuremekedza iri pamusoro Iosifa Vissarionovicha mu vezvikepe ezvinhu zvizere wakarurama, sezvo zvakaita mukuwirirana basa ravo.

Panguva imwe cheteyo, varume waasingazivi ari bhuku Ioanna Zlatousta uye netsaona kunzi Stalin ari epithet, inova akakurumbira Byzantine mufundisi kureva Mwari.

Chero zvakanga, mutsara wokuti "helmsman guru" midzi venhau Soviet uye yairamba kusangana mumapeji mumapepanhau nemagazini. Kubva ipapo, izvozvo akatamira kunyika duramazwi kuti bato functionaries, uyo akatanga vanoshingaira kuishandisa, kutaura nengoro congresses uye misangano.

Chinese helmsman Mao Tszedun

Mukupera 40-ies wekupedzisira remakore, China akatanga kutora kuumba unhu kunamatwa mutungamiri Chinese Communist Party. Panguva iyoyowo, vamiriri omunharaunda vava kubva Soviet vazvo zita "Helmsman Great" uye vakatanga kurishandisa maringe Mao Zedong.

makore muduku

Great helmsman of China - Mao Tszedun - akaberekwa muna 1893. Ane runako akanaka panguva dzidzo iyoyo, uye makore mudzidzi ari Beijing akasangana vemo Marxists. Muna 1920, iye pakupedzisira akasarudza avo enyika maonero kubudikidza communism. Kwapera gore, Mao aiva mumwe vechikamu iri Constituent Congress of Chinese Communist Party.

Path kumusoro

Muna 1928, Mao Tszedun anosika munhu simba zvokuvhoterwa Soviet iri nechokumadokero Jiangxi province. Gare gare, mumatsutso 1931, nemhaka yezviri zviito vaKomonisiti mumatunhu 10 nechepakati chikamu nyika dziri pasi kudzorwa Chinese Red Army uye guerrillas. Zvinokwanisika kusika itsva ezvinhu ikoko. Zvikazikamwa sezvo Chinese Soviet Republic, akatungamirirwa neDare vanhu Commissars vakasimuka Mao Zedong. Akatora Zvinoshingaira pakurwisana Anti-Japanese, uye akakwanisa vadzinge Gomindanskoe hurumende kuchinja, zvichiratidza kumagumo Civil War.

October 1, 1949 Tiananmen Mao Tszedun vakazivisa paumbwe prc they rayo guru muna Beijing. Iye pachake sachigaro hurumende itsva mamiriro.

China pasi Mao

Mumakore China Helmsman Great mangwanani dzaitarisira zvoupfumi uye hwokugadzira kubatsirwa Soviet Union uye munzira dzakawanda aitevedzera marudzi mutungamiri Iosifu Stalinu.

Munguva kubva 1950 kusvika 1956, Mao zvishoma nezvishoma vakapedza agrarian kuchinja izvo aitarisira kugadzirisa dambudziko kwezvokudya munyika. Zvisinei, muna 1957-1958 upfumi dambudziko payakatanga muna China. Ipapo Zedong akaisa mberi chirongwa, aizivikanwa se "achikwakuka guru mberi". Akatumira chihombe vechibharo pakuvaka chakagadzirwa reservoirs, uyewo kusikwa selhozkommun uye maindasitiri emakambani ari vokuChina kumaruwa.

Helmsman Great: Nzara

Muna 1958, Mao Tszedun akarayira tsitsi kuparadza zvose yeshiri duku, nokuti ndaifunga kuti Peck kuminda zviyo, uye "akamira munzira zvoupfumi of China."

Kuzadzisa basa wakasiyiwa helmsman guru, vaunganidzirwe kune zviuru zvevanhu. Ivo chityu mireza uye vakarova ngoma unozvidzinga kure shiri kubva kumhara. Varombo shiri dzichibhururuka zvokuti refu kuti zvava kupera, asi havana kufa nokuneta. Somugumisiro, China rawa hasha, nhamba yavo, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo weshiri duku akanyangarika zvachose.

In yokutanga mishomanana kutanga kurwisa duku uye dzimwe tupukanana zvishomanana kuwedzera zviyo goho hwakanyorwa, asi pashure mavambo nechisimba mhashu, iyo, wakati vakarasika muvengi rayo guru, akaberekwa rwakanyanya. Zvakaguma chakaipisisa nzara, zvakanga zvakanyorwa zviuru Muzviitiko kudya vanhu.

Akamanikidzirwa nokukurumidza kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu China kuzotenga zviyo kunze, uye shiri duku "nokukangwanwira" uye vakatourayiwa kumanikidzwa kutenga shiri idzi dzinobva kune dzimwe nyika.

The nemagariro chimurenga

Sezvo imi kuti kutarisira, "Great Svetukai Forward" Mao zvishoma vakakundikana, uye aifanira kuchinja "Yenan Model" mumwe nomumwe incentives. Akadaro kubva nheyo ake haana kufanana mutungamiri Chinese vaKomonisiti. Panguva iyoyo mukuvamba Kuma1960, iyo Helmsman Great yakanga zvikuru pamusoro nezvemaitiro upfumi uye zvematongerwo enyika zviri China. Uyezve, aidavira kuti CCP pachayo iri kuramba ichiva kuchinja, uye mukati maro mwoyo rakapinda revisionism.

Kushambira pedyo the yangtze River

Mao Tszedun aiva inoshamisa unhu muzvinhu zvose. Somuenzaniso, iye aida kuti rinopisa of Chinese nzizi. Panguva iyoyowo, nhengo dzakawanda mutongo vepamusoro vasingagoni kuzvirumbidza zvakafanana vakaisvonaka yemitambo chimiro somutungamiriri wavo, kwete pasina dambudziko. Zvikurukuru kana Helmsman Great akayambuka the yangtze River muna 1966, aine makore 73, akapotsa kuisa nyika ine zvinyorwa, vakanyura mutungamiri Guangzhou Military Region, uye mumwe webato vatungamiri mumhenderekedzo nenyoka. Chinangwa zvikuru kuziviswa chiitiko ichi chaiva kuratidza kuti sachigaro Mao akanga achiri azere nesimba uye anokwanisa kubata zvose vavengi Cultural Revolution.

mumakore achangodarika

Nokuti "nokupora" the Communist Party, iye akatora kuwanda kwenhambwe. youth mushandi-murimi mudiki nechekumashure, uyo aifanira kurwisana nevaya vakatsauka kubva munzira rechiKomonisiti - In Kunyanya, mapoka "Red Guards" dzakatangwa. Mao Yaivawo initiator ose pamwero mukuru udzvanyiriri vakatambura nemamiriyoni evanhu vava.

"Cultural Revolution" dzakaguma muna 1968. Chimwe zvikonzero Mao vakava kutya Soviet nechisimba China, vachitsigirwa nezvakaitika muCzechoslovakia.

Great Helmsman Mao akarayira kuti paradzana varwi Red Guards uye akarayira hondo kudzora mamiriro munyika.

Munguva kubva 1969 kusvika 1970 Zedong vakaedza nokudzosazve yaparara Communist Party. Pakazosvika nguva utano hwake hwakanga kare vasanyanya zvakaipisisa. Pasinei neizvi, akaedza nzira dzose kuramba pakati nepakati bato dzakatsauka, kuedza kudzivirira mahwanda.

Mao akafa musi waSeptember 9, 1976 pashure 2 zvakakomba yomwoyo, upenyu-gore 83. Pamariro yake yaiva vanhu vanopfuura miriyoni.

Zvino kuti unoziva mumwe munhu pamusoro siyana zvokukura kare atumidzwa yepakutanga epithet - the Helmsman Great. Mao Tszedun uye Stalin vakadanwa saka kwemakore akawanda uye akatungamirira ngarava rinoti, zvakanga vakananga, kuti chinangwa chake chikuru - communism. Kunyange zvazvo hwaro dzematongerwe ichi vaiva pfungwa wakanyatsojeka uye Fraternity, pedyo chiKristu, vatungamiri USSR uye China, maererano ruzhinji munyika yedu, vave kunyimwa nerudo uye vakauya vakawanda kutambura vanhu zvavo.