Geological nguva kurongwa maererano nenguva. Nhoroondo Geological the Earth

Nhoroondo Nyika rave nemakore anenge mabhiriyoni 7. Panguva ino, imba yedu kwave kuchiita kuchinja, waiva migumisiro shanduko nguva. Geological nguva nenguva zvinoratidza nhoroondo yose nyika kubva inception kwayo kusvikira nhasi.

Geological nguva

Nhoroondo yenyika, achimiririrwa asingaverengeki mapoka nguva uye nguva ndiyo imwe nguva dzikarongwa. Pakutanga yemarudzi congresses zvemaumbirwo yakazokudziridzwa Kunyanya anotevedzana scale, iyo yaimiririra periodization Pasi. Zvadaro, chikuva ichi kunowedzerwa nemashoko matsva uye achinja, somugumisiro nhasi zvinoratidza zvose Geological nguva kurongwa maererano nenguva.

The zvidzidzo pakukura chikero ichi vari eonothem, eras kana nguva.

inotungamirwa Earth

Wepasi Geological nguva nenguva kuronda kwakatangira avo paumbwe nyika iri. Masayendisiti akasvika pakugumisa kuti Pasi yakatangwa anenge makore mabhiriyoni 4,5 akapfuura. The chaizvo urongwa ayo inotungamirwa kwave refu chaizvo uye vangadaro vakatanga mumwe makore mabhiriyoni 7 apfuura kubva chiduku nzvimbo inoramba. Nokufamba kwenguva, simba regiravhiti rakura pamwe nayo anowedzera kumhanya kwemiviri richidonhera zvichiitika nyika. Kinetic simba iri kuva kupisa, kukonzera zvishoma nezvishoma kwetembiricha Nyika.

Pasi paro, pamusoro zvekungofungira masayendisiti, yakaumbwa mashomanana mamiriyoni zana makore pashure iyo zvishoma nezvishoma kutonhora panyika. Pari yakaumbwa musimboti ine 30% of guru Pasi. Development zvimwe anofukidza nyika, maererano masayendisiti, ichigere kupera asi.

Precambrian the

In geochronology the hwepasi rokutanga anonzi Precambrian. Rinotaura mabhiriyoni 4,5 nguva - 600 miriyoni apfuura. Kureva, mugove nyika nhoroondo shumba yokutanga chinofukidzwa. Zvisinei, izvi the mugovane mamwe matatu - Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic. Uye kazhinji wekutanga wavo yakazvimirira the.

Panguva ino paiva paumbwe pasi goko, nyika uye mvura. zvakaitika izvi zvose panguva kuputika basa kwemakore akawanda aeon. Zvikwangwani rose dzakaumbwa munzvimbo Precambrian, asi kungoda upenyu mashoma chaizvo.

Katarchean the

Kutanga zvamboitika - hafu makore mabhiriyoni ayo kuvapo ari sainzi inonzi Katarchean. Yokumusoro panogumira aeon ichi iri kumativi 4 bhiriyoni apfuura.

Fiction tiswedere sezvo Hadean nguva vanoshingaira kuputika uye geothermal nokuchinja pepasi. Zvisinei, chokwadi ndechokuti ichi hachisi chokwadi.

Katarchean the - imwe nguva apo kuputika basa haana kuratidzwa, uye pose nyika iri yaisazoraramika renje kuchitonhora. Kunyange kakawanda yakaitika kwenyika, izvo ndokudzora kwenzvimbo. The pemvura sechigaro rima pfumbu chikuru fuma Coated rukoko regolite. Day panguva murimo kwemaawa 6 chete.

Archean the

The chikuru the zvina rechipiri kwemakore anenge mabhiriyoni 1,5 zvamboitika - mabhiriyoni 4-2,5 apfuura. Ipapo nyika asati ezvinhu, saka upenyu haapo, asi the ichi kunouya chidzoke utachiona nokuda kushaya okisijeni, ivo anaerobic. Somugumisiro wemabasa avo zvino tine deposits zvicherwa akadai simbi, carbon, sarufa nickel. Nhoroondo rokuti "Archean" rine yakatangira 1872, apo zvinganaka musayendisiti akakurumbira American John. Dan. Archaean the, kusiyana yaimbovapo, kunoratidzwa yakakwirira kuputika basa uye Kuparara.

Proterozoic the

Kana isu funga Geological nguva dziri kurongwa, akatevera bhiriyoni makore vakatora Proterozoic. Nguva iyi zvakare dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira kuputika basa uye sedimentation, kukurwa kwevhu uyewo rinokoka pamusoro munzvimbo huru.

T aumbwa. N. Horizontal Baikalian Kumbofungatira. Pari, vari zvikomo diki pamapani. Matombo the ichi vakapfuma zvikuru waMika, vasiri ferrous ores nesimbi.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Proterozoic nguva vaiva vokutanga zvipenyu - majemusi, algae uye hunokuvadza. By kuguma aeon kuonekwa honye, zvomumvura invertebrates, mollusks.

The Phanerozoic the

All Geological nguva iri kurongwa kunogona rakakamurwa mhando mbiri - the dzakajeka yokuvanda. Phanerozoic rinoreva yakajeka. Panguva ino kunounza nhamba zvipenyu pamwe chicherwa marangwanda. Paraiitwa anotangira Phanerozoic, yave kunzi zvakavanzika, nokuti kungoda izvozvo anenge haawaniki nokuda kushaya chicherwa marangwanda.

Okupedzisira 600 miriyoni makore nhoroondo yedu inonzi Phanerozoic the. Rinonyatsooneka zviitiko the ichi - yeCambrian kuputika kwakaitika anenge mamiriyoni 540 apfuura, uye shanu zvikuru kutsakatika mu nyika munhau.

Nguva Precambrian the

Panguva Katarchean uye Archean hapana kwose kugamuchirwa eras uye nguva, saka tichazviita skip navo nezvawo.

Proterozoic zvakare ine mikuru eras matatu:

Palaeoproterozoic - .. R E yekare dzine siderite, riasiysky nguva oroziry uye Unis. Pakazopera yaitonga ichi, yakachena wevasungwa mumhepo yasvika kuitika chechetere.

Mesoproterozoic - avhareji. Inoitwa zvitatu nguva - Kalima, ectasia uye masvingo. Munhambo iri algae uye utachiona zvasvika yepamusoro kubudirira kwayo.

Neoproterozoic - itsva, rine Tonia, cryogenic uye Ediacaria. Panguva ino, paumbwe wokutanga supercontinent - Rodinia, asi akadzokera ndiro. The coldest chando zera kwakaitika munguva inonzi iri Mesoproterozoic, panguva iyo ndakadaro dzakawanda panyika.

Nguva Phanerozoic the

the rino rakakamurwa epochs makuru matatu, akasiyana zvikuru kubva kune mumwe:

Paleozoic, kana nguva upenyu yekare. Zvakatanga anenge mamiriyoni 600 apfuura uye dzakaguma makore mamiriyoni 230 akapfuura. PALEOZOIC ine 7 nguva:

1. YeCambrian (Panyika akaumba okunze, nzvimbo neyamapani, iyi ndiyo chidzoke ari mhando ano mhuka).
2. Ordovician (okunze munyika yose inodziya zvakakwana, kunyange Antarctica, nyika substantially kunyudzwa. Kunoitika nechitarisiko hove yokutanga).
3. Silurian nguva (pane inotungamirwa guru kure negungwa mumakungwa, pamapani vari kuva drier kuvat nokuda kukwirira wenyika. Kunoramba kukura hove. Silurian nguva kwakaratidza kuwanika nezvipembenene).
4. Devon (panowanikwa vokutanga amphibians uye masango).
5. Lower Carboniferous (kwaizoita ferns, kupararira Sharks).
6. Upper uye pakati kabhoni (pakuonekwa wokutanga nezvinokambaira).
7. Perm (akawanda ekare mhuka anofa).

Mesozoic, kana nguva nezvinokambaira. The Geological Nhoroondo yacho Mesozoic Era rakakamurwa zvitatu nguva:

1. Trias (yakatotsakatika mbeu ferns, gymnosperms akatonga, pane vokutanga dinosaurs uye mhuka).
2. Jura (chikamu Europe uye vokumadokero chikamu America rinosanganisira kudzika mumakungwa, kuti chidzoke rokutanga shiri toothed).
3. Mel (chitarisiko mumeporo uye nemiouki musango, uye-soro kukura kutsakatika kuchaita kuti dinosaurs uye toothed shiri).

Cenozoic, kana nguva mhuka. Inoitwa mbiri nguva:

1. Tertiary. Mukutanga nguva pazvikara uye ungulates anosvika mambakwedza wavo, okunze unodziyirwa. Pane kunonyanyisa kuparadzirwa masango, mhuka dzekare vari kufa. Anenge mamiriyoni 25 apfuura, pane netsoko, uye murume hazviwaniki Pliocene.
2. Quaternary. Pleistocene - mhuka huru kuva yakatotsakatika, vanhu inoberekerwa, pane 4 glacial nguva, vakawanda nokutsakatika kwemarudzi. The ano zera - kuguma rokupedzisira chando zera, okunze zvishoma nezvishoma anova chipo chimiro. Ndiro rine chokwadi munhu ari yose nyika.

The Geological nhoroondo nyika ine refu uye dzinopesana kukura. Izvi zvakanga nzvimbo dzakawanda kutsakatika zvipenyu akadzokorora glacial nguva vaichengeta nguva refu kuputika basa vaiva nemakore pokutonga zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, kubvira utachiona vanhu. Nhoroondo Nyika yakatanga anenge mabhiriyoni 7 apfuura, Yakaumbwa anenge makore mabhiriyoni 4,5 akapfuura, uye akarurama isingasviki miriyoni apfuura, murume haana kurega kuva vakwikwidzi iri yose mamiriro.