Nhoroondo yeVolgograd uye zvayo zvinonakidza

Rwizi rwaVolga kusvika pakuguma kwezana remakore rechi16 rakava imwe yenzira huru dzekutakura kuRussia. Uye miganhu yezvikepe yakaramba ichirwiswa nevatorwa vokune dzimwe nyika. Panyaya iyi, pakanga pane chido chinofanira kuchengetedza zvinhu izvi. Ndicho chikonzero muna 1589 nechirevo cheIvan Chinotyisa pamhenderekedzo yeRwizi rwaTsaritsa guta reTsaritsyn rakagadzwa, iro rainzi nhasi Volgograd.

Tsaritsyn

Nokudaro yakatanga nhoroondo yeguta reVolgograd. Hazvikwanisi kutaura zvishoma, nokuti panguva yekuvapo kwezvi nzvimbo idzi nhamba yakawanda yezvakaitika zviitiko zvezvakaitika zvakaitika.

Nhare yakakwirira yamatanda yeTsaritsyna yakava chikamu cheumambo hweMoscow, dzichidzivirira nyika yeRussia kumucheto wezasi. Kurwiswa kwakawanda kwaifanira kuratidza vadziviriri vake. Chaizvoizvo, Turkey yakaedza kuitema, kutumira mauto eCrimean Horde kumiganhu yeRussia.

Nhoroondo yeguta reVolgograd ine zviitiko zvakawanda zvine chokuita nekuparadza, kupesana nekuparadzwa. Kunyanya, muna 1667 Stepan Razin, ari mukuru weuto rake, achibata nzira kuenda kuCaspian, akapfuura nepakati peTsaritsyn. Iko kare muzana remakore rechigumi nemana (1707) pakanga pane kupandukira kweropa kwevarimi pasi pekutungamirirwa kweCossack Bulavin. Uye mushure memakore gumi eCrimean Tatars nedzimwe vanhu vakaderera, imwe chete, vakaronga kurwisa muguta racho. Somugumisiro, Tsaritsyn akanganisa zvakanyanya.

Kudzoka kwakatora makore matatu. Iye zvino, kudzivirira nhare yakagadzirirwa makiromita makumi matanhatu ekusimudzira, iyo yaiva nechisviniro chakadzika uye Nharireyomurindi. Kureba kwayo kwaiva kupfuura mamita 12. Izvo zvivako zvakava kuchengetedzwa kwechokwadi kwemazana emakore akawanda. Kunyange ikozvino, uchibva muguta, iwe unogona kufungisisa zvakasara zveimba yakasimba yekare.

Nhoroondo yeguta reVolgograd, yakavakwa pamakaganho ezvimwe nzira dzinokosha dzekutengeserana, inosanganiswa nezita raAlexander II. Akabudisa mutemo maererano nezvakanyatsoshandiswa nevanyori vezvematongerwo enyika veRussia kuti vatange kuumba gwara reVolga-Don. Kuvaka kwakapedzwa muzana remakore rechina reXIX. Zvadaro nhamba yakawanda yezvigadzirwa zvitsva nemichero zvakaonekwa muguta, makereke akavakwa. Ikozvino, pakanga paine chinhu chinokosha chekugadzirwa kwezvinhu.

Nhaka yemararamiro emazuva iwayo yakapona kusvikira nhasi. Kufamba nomumigwagwa yeguta, unogona kukudza dzimba dzevatengesi, matemberi uye zviyeuchidzo.

Stalingrad

Sezvatotaurwa, Tsaritsyn ndiyo Volgograd yemazuva ano. Nhoroondo yezita reguta, zvakadaro, haigumi ipapo.

1917 uye kupandukira kwakaitika panguva iyoyo, Volgograd iye zvino akazosangana seguta rekushanda kwevashandi. Asi panguva iyo yakaparadzwa neVhite Guards, kuchinja kuva matongo. Mushure mokukunda kweBolshevik, guta racho rakakurumidza kudzorerwa kuburikidza nekuedza kwakawanda.

Nhoroondo yeguta reVolgograd yakaita shanduko itsva apo muna 1925 Tsaritsyn akava Stalingrad. Makore mashomanana gare gare, vakavaka tafura yekutanga yeSoviet, pamwe chete nechikepe chengarava. Munguva yeGreat Patriotic War, kudzivirirwa kwaStanaling kwakagara mazuva mazana maviri. Masoja eSoviet haana kurega upenyu hwavo, achidzivirira maMelandland. Muna 1943, mauto eFascist akakundwa, asi guta rakaparadzwa chose, rikava murwi wezvakaparadzwa.

Iyi nzvimbo inogara nokusingaperi kuchengeta mafungiro emauto akafa, achiita kuti vafunge nezvekusafa kwavo kusingaperi.

Pakuguma kwehondo, Stalingrad yakadzorerwa kwenguva yakareba kwazvo, uye mumakumi mashanu bedzi yakatanga kuva nechitarisiko chaicho. Zvino yakafanana neguta rekumaodzanyemba risati rasvika, rakazara nezuva rakajeka. Nhoroondo yeguta reVolgograd nekusingaperi yakagadzirisa kusuruvara kwekurasikirwa kwezviuru zvemhuri dzakarasikirwa nemadzibaba, varume nevanakomana mukudzivirira Stalingrad.

Kwemakore mashanu apfuura nguva yakawanda nhamba zhinji yedzimba itsva, zvikoro, uye masangano akavakwa; Zviwanda zvemafekitari nemafekitari zvakadzorerwa.

Volgograd

Nhoroondo yezvino yeguta reVolgograd yakatanga musi waNovember 10, 1961, apo yakawana zita rayo razvino.

Iye zvino guta iri rine mamionaire, umo mune nhamba yakawanda yezvitsva uye nzvimbo dzisingakanganwiki.

Kubva musi waMay 8, 1965, Volgograd igamba regamba. Nhoroondo yaro yakazadzwa nezviitiko zvakawanda zvinotyisa, pasinei nokuti vanhu vane ruremekedzo vakasarudzwa kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, nguva imwe neimwe yekuvakazve guta ravo kubva kumatongo. Kusvika iye zvino, Volgograd inhu hunokosha, hupfumi hwehupfumi uye netsika yematunhu ekumaodzanyemba kweRussia ine nhamba yakawanda yezvitsva.

Nharaunda yeVakaurayiwa Fighters

Haisi ngozi iyo Volgograd igamba regamba. Nhoroondo yekuvakwa kwekukwezva kukuru - nzvimbo yevarwi vakagumburwa yakanyatsobatana nehushingi uye hutsinye hwevagari vayo.

Mumoyo wekona ndiyo yakakurumbira poplar, iyo inokosha yezvakaitika kare. Uyu muti wakapona muHondo yeStalingrad, kuva chiratidzo chekusimudzira kweSoviet vanhu. Paguru repoplar yakawanda yekuvhiringidza, yakagamuchirwa semagumisiro emhirizhonga. Pakarepo pane Eternal Flame uye chivako kune hero ine USSR Ruben Ibarruri.

Alley of Heroes

Iyi nzira inenge isingakanganwiki iri pakati peVolgograd, kwete kure nenharaunda yeVakawirwa Fighters. Pakati payo paiva nematombo ane mazita evakafa uye asiri muhondo yeStalingrad 127 ma heroes. Vose vavo vakapiwa zita reHomees yeSoviet Union. Paimba dzimba dziri pedo, unogona kuona kusekwa kwezvikwereti zvakawanda (maira nemari), izvo zvakapiwa guta rino-hero.

Zvisikwa zvemahara zvakatanga muna 1954. Iyo inogara ichichengetedza chiyeuchidzo chema heroes akaisa upenyu hwavo mukurwa kunotyisa kweguta. Nzira yacho yakashongedzwa nematombo ekuvakwa kwevakavakwa, akavakwa munguva yekutonga kwaStalin.

Munda wevarwi

Ichi ndicho chimwe chikwata, chiri munzvimbo yeVolgograd, chakabatanidzwa ne feat feat zvevarwi veSoviet. Yaiva pano iyo hondo dzinotyisa zvikuru dzeHondo yeStalingrad dzakaitika, semubairo wekuti zviuru zvuru zvevarwi vechidiki vakaurayiwa. Nzvimbo yeMasoja Munda inopfuura 400 hectares.

Apo hondo yapera, munda wacho wakanga uchiri kugoverwa. Pakupedzisira kwegore ra194 kubviswa kwemabasa kwakapedzwa. Nhamba yehutachiona yakasvibiswa yakasvika 6,5 mamiriyoni. Uye musi waSeptember 20, 1975 pakavhurwa chiyeuchidzo chinonzi Soldatskoe munda, yakagadzirwa nemufananidzo wevanyori A. Krivolapov naL. Levina. Kune guva revanhu vazhinji mumamiriro akaoma aya , umo mune urn pamwe nemadota evarwi vakafa, masara ayo akawanikwa mukati mekutsvaira. Chikamu chepamusoro chechiyeuchidzo chinoshandiswa nemhete yakazara nezvikamu zvehombodo, migodi, uye grenades yakawanikwa pano. Chinyararire chiri kure chinogadzirwa mufananidzo wemusikana muduku akabata maruva mumaoko ake. Uye pedo newe unogona kuona katatu yebhiza tsamba, yakagadzirwa nemarble. Pamusoro pazvo akavezwa mashoko akanyorwa kubva kune tsamba yaMarita Petrakov kumwanasikana wake. Akanga ari mumwe wevaya vakadzivirira Volgograd. Nhoroondo yeguta nekuda kwevana vehondo yakava chokwadi chayo chaiyo yehupenyu. Mupfungwa dzavo, misodzi yaamai, kutinhira kwehombodo, kugogodza pamatanho emunhu anotakura uyo akaunza mararamiro akagara nokusingaperi.

Guta reVolgograd, rine nhoroondo uye maonero ari chikamu chetsika nemweya yevanhu vanhaka, iko zvino chiratidzo chekusimudzira, ushingi uye ushingi hwevanhu veRussia.