St. Andrew raMwari Cathedral muna Kronstadt: munhau, mapikicha

Tinopa iwe tinyatsoziva imwe yakakurumbira machechi Russian ine nhoroondo inonakidza kwazvo. Cathedral St. Andrew muna Kronstadt - ichi hope kuzadziswa Petro I. Mambo uyu akaona guru Russian "kufanana Amsterdam." centre Its yaiva pamusoro Vasilyevsky Island.

Pfungwa Peter Mukuru

Kubva 1716 kusvika 1718 panyaya guta kukura rinotsanangurwa nzvimbo, apo akanga ari St. Andrew kuti Cathedral iri Kronstadt. Yaifanira kuzomisa pamberi gumi mumakoreji. The upenyu yemberi kanzuru iyi saka kuonekwa sezvo pakati kuchinja nguva Petro, izvo aibudisa zvitendero. Naizvozvo, Cathedral St. Andrew muna Kronstadt akaitirwa ibatane kwete chete venyika yedu: yeOrthodox, vaKaturike, vaLutheran, - asiwo vatorwa kupinda chete nokuita pasina miganhu, munharaunda yechiKristu. The kuvakwa kwesimba rayo rokunyika akaratidza kubatana kwechiKristu Europe vane Russian mamiriro.

Zvisinei, zvinoitwa nehurumende uye kwamachinda uise Cathedral of Peter ndaiva pasina. Asati ibwe yokutanga vakaradzikwa nheyo dzaro, zvakatorera matatu.

Vasilevsky Island kusvikira 1719

On Vasilevsky Island kusvikira 1719 zvakavapo anenge hapana zvivakwa, kunze mumakamuri Menshikov ane chechi yemapuranga navo, uyewo yokugara French, izvo yaigarwa nyanzvi dzokugadzira vatorwa. Pashure 1719 akatanga kuvakwa namatanda namabwe zvivako urongwa yakatenderwa Peter I.

Tanga okuvaka pachitsuwa chacho

Kuvaka Zvivako, kwaiitirwa inokosha yebasa nzvimbo (mapuranga), akatanga muna 1722. Pano, pamusoro mativi pamberi pavo, Kesari akanga akatsunga nzvimbo yeramangwana yechechi.

Catherine I, mudzimai Petro, nhaka chigaro pashure porufu rwake, zvinovavarirwa wemufi mumwe anosiiwa chose. On Vasilyevsky Island panguva yomunhu nzira yemberi uye mumigwagwa ava kutozivikanwa. Akapiwa kudiwa pakuvaka kereke vaya vaigara pachitsuwa, yakanga akagamuchira chisarudzo kushandura nzvimbo ramangwana kuvakwa. Zvakange inopiwa pamusoro pakona 6 mitsetse uye Bolshoy Tariro, izvo uchava kuva ibwe kereke nguva. Asi kutanga, takatanga kuvakwa remuti, pfupi.

Kereke yokutanga

Bookmark kuvaka muna 1728 rakapera. Construction rakapera muna 1731. Raiva chechi mwero chete-storey, ane mahwindo akatarira pasi Grand Avenue. The purojekiti ndeaani hazvizivikanwi, asi munhu anogona kufungidzira kuti aiva George. Trezzini.

Muna 1732, 8 October, Feofan Prokopovich vatsvene chechi itsva muzita Andreya Pervozvannogo. Vafundisi vakanga zvikanzi vapristi matatu. Vagari Vasilyevsky Island iri November 1733 zvave zvakabatanidzwa chirevo Board Pamweya St. Andrew kuti Church. It akashanyirwa zviso zhinji yakakurumbira St. Petersburg, yakanga kunyange akashongedzerwa aine nzvimbo youmambo. Panguva yakatarwa yokunamata, wakaitwa July 30, 1745, zvakanga akatora mhiko Trediakovskii Lomonosov. Kereke iyi yakanga pasi patronage yamambo mhuri. Anna Ivanovna akamuda kushanya. Iye ndokupa mari nemidziyo nguvo. A duku kumakuva aiva pedyo nechechi. Pano, maererano netsika, akavigwa BF Dolgoruky, Senator, mumwe ishamwari Peter.

Kuvaka sebwe chechi itsva

Vomuchechi muna 1740 vakatendeukira kuna Anne Ioannovne ndikamuudza kuvaka chechi kurutivi ibwe. guta akavakazve Commission April 5, 1740 mvumo kuvakwa itsva chivakwa ibwe, zvino neshungu (mu yekare kwaitonhora chaizvo). Nechekare zvegore, musi April 21 akapa zano. Munyori basa iri chiri musingazivi, asi murongedzeri O. P. Trezini May 29 akaudza Spiritual bhodhi kuti chivako achava pasi kwayo kuzvidzora.

The Holy Revafundisi of June 2, 1740 mvumo kuvakwa, achiti kuti mutongo pamusoro zita richava pashure kuvakwa. On pakuvaka kereke papera nguva takapiwa siyana nezvinhu, nembambo uye madota, zvakasara pashure yokugadzirisa dzimba muSt Petersburg, kwaaigara wePezhiya Ambassador pamwe boka racho ake.

Muna 1760, 17 October, yakanga ichangovakwa ibwe kereke chitofu kudziyisa yakanga vagadzwe nezita Three Hierarchs. Cathedral St. Andrew muna Kronstadt iri musuo pedyo kuvaka, ari noruzhowa kurutivi rworudyi pamusoro payo. Kereke itsva yaiva dombo-nyaya mbiri yakarongeka, rectangular mu plan, iri zimba rakanyorwa. The Drum duku, octagonal, uriri dziri amabwe Maberere aro muHondo. Zvakatorwa kubva pamba muchechi Menshikov iconostasis panzvimbo yayo vakamira kusvikira 1827, pashure pacho chikatsiviwa mutsva wakanga zvapa paimba chechi Titova, Major-General. In mumusangano Fa Verkhovtseva anozivikanwa mutengesi, yaigadzirwa 1861 poods pamusoro nguvo sirivha, akaronga vapamatunhu atari. PaKarivhari mufananidzo mitatu Michinjikwa yakashongedzwa nayo.

10 mabhero zvaiiswa pamusoro maviri-weDanho bhero neshongwe katedraali itsva. Vane inozivikanwa wavo wakanaka kurira. Polyeleos uye Kumuka - mukuru wavo. The Cathedral zvakare inozivikanwa zvayo zvakavezwa yemapuranga iconostasis muna Baroque manyorero. Zvinosuruvarisa yokudhirowa uyo akanyora icon of Muponesi (Grigoriya Bogoslova, Vasiliya Velikogo uye Ioanna Zlatousta), uyewo havasati.

Pakuzvichenesa kwenheyo ibwe sangano St. Andrew

dambudziko guru kwakaitika muna 1763, 4 July. Church Wooden St. Andrew pamusoro mheni dzakavhenekera. Vakakundikana kudzivirira pamusoro moto. Revafundisi aibvumirwa musi October 6, kuvaka panzvimbo yezvipiriso emapuranga chivakwa ibwe Kronstadt St. Andrew Cathedral. The uchida nhoroondo kuvakwa chivako ichi neshongwe bhero uye misoro mashanu, zvinosuruvarisa harizivikanwi. Muna 1764, July 18, paiva pakuzvichenesa kwenheyo Church (pazasi inopa mufananidzo naye).

Cathedral St. Andrew muna Kronstadt nhasi anotarisa kuti nzira. A. I. Petrov, St. Petersburg wenhoroondo, anoti mubhuku rake rinonzi "History of St. Petersburg" Alexei Ivanov aiva munyori nechirongwa. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina yasimbiswa. Havaratidzi kunzwisisa nhoroondo pazvinhu uye kuvaka Church, asi inozivikanwa kuti muna 1766, August 8, mukati chechi panguva mabasa yakadhirika mazibota. Mapurani AF kuziva, munyori chirongwa, asungwa. Zvakaitika kuti pokuwa kumbokonzera chikanganiso nemunyori, uye varombo unhu zvinhu iro Cathedral rakapera. Mabhuku enyika uye Ecclesiastical, musi chaiwo waakaberekwa Payakapera kusingajekeswi, asi chivako 1950 paakagadzwa chirangaridzo Dombo, maererano iyo, yakanga yakavakwa makore 1764-1780 (mapurani - Wiest).

mafashamo

Mushure mafashamo akaitika muna 1824, mubako Cathedral ikazadzwa nemvura. Vafundisi zvarayirwa kurara kuti tidzivise mafashamo mune ramangwana uye kuvhara yaimbova pamukova rakatenderera kwaari matsi.

ibwe atari

March 10, 1848 kwakasarudzwa kuti batanidza pamusoro mativi ose Cathedral ibwe atari. Zvinoreva kuti dzakatorwa kubva vomuchechi. Project Architect - H. Comb. Chapel of kurudyi yaiva nezita kubvuma Yedu Lady, uye kuruboshwe - muzita H. Myra. Vakanga vaisa muna 1848, musi July 31 uye vatsvene makore maviri musi 15 October. Negore regumi namapfumbamwe remakore nayo sokunge, sezvinoratidzwa photo, St. Andrew Cathedral (Kronstadt).

Chechi kuva mukuru

Tichiregeredza vatengesi vomuchechi AI Timenkova uye V. A. Frolova muna 1850, zvitsauko mashanu Church uye bhero shongwe vaiva gilded akafukidza Hardware itsva. Interior kushongedzwa chakachinja 1858. Zvakanga ipapo kuzodzosera vakaurayiwa mufananidzo pamusoro namaberere uye masvingo, redid ari iconostasis, gilded chishongo pamusoro namaberere uye hwakavigwa mumakamuri. Three-Tiered iconostasis aita, nemifananidzo, gilded. Gumi mifananidzo tiers rechipiri uye rechitatu ainyorwa by the artist Shishkin. Iconographer Poshekhonov akanyora vaviri vokutanga weDanho.

Pamwe nedare remakurukota kuti mufananidzo mupenyu yakavakwa muchivanze imba ibwe. Akanga kusvika 1826 duku, mbiri-nyaya. On mari chechi 1826 kuvaka pamusoro wayo uriri rechitatu.

A moto muna 1897

Muna 1897, July 24, panguva inenge ten o'clock usiku, pachitsuwa sokuti hwihwinyara simba zvakakwana. Chokwadi rinotivhenekera St. Andrew Cathedral (Kronstadt). Kutembere vakamhanyira zvaunga, pane zvakasiyana divi dzakamhanya-mhanya moto brigades. Unobereka gilding pamusoro domes mumakore anotevera kugadziriswa. In yokumusoro chikamu ive chikonzero asingazivikanwi abatwa moto yakatarwa kumativi rising Church uye remuti matanda. Kuburikidza nesimba vakashinga vemoto uye vakanga akaputsa, asi chikamu pedenga panguva iyoyo vakatambura.

Njodzi Cathedral St. Andrew mumakore Soviet

Muna 1918, musi waJanuary 23 rakaparidzirwa chirevo SNK, maererano iyo kereke chakaparadzaniswa hurumende. Chakataurwa kuti hapana zvechitendero uye chechi upenyu havagoni yekuita pfuma. pfuma yavo yose akanzi National pfuma. The Church vakarasikirwa simba rayo pamusoro mwoyo nepfungwa chizvarwa chevechiduku, vakatakudzwa kubva kwemazana emakore, kubva, maererano chirevo ichi wechikoro chakaparadzaniswa muchechi.

Pashure vanoverengeka nzvimbo munyika (zvikuru zvose - the Volga nharaunda) akanga achivharwa zvakanyanyisa kwemvura kuti aisa mamiriyoni evanhu vatarisana nenzara Soviet Government February 23, 1922 chirevo. All zvinokosha chechi vaifanira kutorwa kubva mutembere kushandiswa neHurumende kuzotenga zviyo kunze.

zvinokosheswa All Andrew Cathedral zvakatorwa muna March 1922. Uyezve, vamwe vapristi, vaishora izvozvo, vakasungwa uye mhosva.

Kupfuura nhengo mukuvamba 1938 akasungwa ne NKVD, uye waendeswa Levashovsky isingagariki. Ikoko vakapfurwa. Cathedral Kronstadt St. Andrew, pikicha iyo chinopiwa pepa rino, yakavharwa May 16, 1938. Vomuchechi akakwanisa kukwira kukwira iconostasis plywood uye mapuranga. Nemhaka iyi unoramba kusvikira nhasi kakasaririra ichi, izvo zvakakodzera anodada Kronstadt. Cathedral St. Andrew, iro yaichengetwa zvino miziyamu muunganidzwa, was kwemakore akawanda kubudikidza Institute of Anthropology uye Ethnography. A-storey matatu imba, iyo kusvikira muna 1974 yaigarwa zvizvarwa vapristi, rakazogarwazve.

chechi kwakatangazve

Church of Three Hierarchs adzoka July 15, 1991. Iye hwakatamisirwa nenzanga St. Andrew kuti Cathedral nekusingaperi. Restoration basa rakatanga muna 1994, uye nhasi St. Andrew kuti Cathedral (Kronstadt) akadzorera. Vakanga vakaita michinjikwa pamusoro belfry uye ainge akamonererwa, rakatsiviwa nemakadhibhokisi, uyewo kugadzirwa kunoitwa. Metal zvipfeko vakanga watengwa aritari choushe, uyewo vakawanda mifananidzo uye chechi kwamahwendefa.

Location uye purogiramu mabasa

Nhasi chechi iri kushanda. Munhu anogona kushanyira St. Andrew kuti Cathedral iri Kronstadt. Address: Vasilevsky Island, iri 6th mutsetse, 11. Matangiro maawa: zuva kubva 9 am kusvika 7 pm. On pamamiriro zuva, unogona kuuya basa kuSt Andrew raMwari Cathedral (Kronstadt). Purogiramu mabasa sezvinotevera: yokunamata yakaitirwa 10 am, kureurura - pa 9:30, basa manheru iri yakaitirwa 17 o'clock.