Sphagnum bogs inzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemvura. Sphagnum peat bog

Munzvimbo yakadzikama, zvikurukuru musango nemasango-mahara, nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemvura dzakasikwa, dzakadai se sphagnum bogs. Izvo zvinomera zvakanyanya pavari ndeye sphagnum moss, nekuda kwekuti vakagamuchira zita ravo.

Tsanangudzo

Aya ndiwo mahombekombe ekumusoro, ayo anonyanya kuumbwa munzvimbo dzakasvibira. Pamusoro, iyo yakafukidzwa nehupamhi hwakawanda hwe sphagnum (white moss), iyo ine unhu hwakakura kwazvo. Iyo inobereka zvakanaka, sekutonga, bedzi apo pane muchengeti we humus.

Pasi pemvura yakasvibira iyi yakaoma, inoshaya mukugadzirwa kwemvura, ine oxygen shoma. Mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro haana kukodzera kuhupenyu hwezvisikwa zvipenyu zvakawanda, zvinosanganisira mabhakitiriya ekuora. Nokudaro, miti yakawa, muto wemichero, zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinhu zvinoparadza, zvakasara kwezviuru zvemakore.

Mhando

Sphagnum bogs inogona kunge yakasiyana mukuonekwa. Kazhinji vane chimiro chekugadzirisa, nokuti mhuka inokura zvakanyanya pedyo nechepakati, apo kushandiswa kwemvura kunonyanya kuduku. Pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu akafanana ekuberekwa kwayo hazvina kunaka. Dzimwe nguva kune maruva ane chimiro chepamusoro. Ikoko kune dzimwe nzvimbo uye kwete musango.

Ikutanga inofananidzwa kune chikamu chekumabvazuva kweEurope neSiberia, uko nzvimbo yepasi rose inotumidzwa. Misoro isina miti inonzi sphagnum inowanikwa mune dzimwe mamiriro okunze ane mamiriro okunze, ayo anowanikwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekumadokero kwenyika yeEurope.

Kutanga kwe sphagnum bog

Icho chasimbiswa kuti mapoka ekutanga akaumbwa makore anopfuura mamiriyoni 400 apfuura. Ikozvino sphagnum peat bog inoguma nekushanduka kwenguva refu. Mushure memazuva emvura, nzvimbo dzemvura dzakaonekwa, iyo michero huru yaive yepeat uye uswa-kuumba uswa nemasses. Kuumbwa kwenyika ye peaty kwakabatanidzwa pakuumbwa kwemamiriro okunze. Somugumisiro wekubatanidza kwezvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zve geological uye physico-geographical factors, mvuralogging yenyika kana kupfuurira kwekuwedzera kwemiti yemvura kwakaitika. Zvimwe zvemasango zvakasvibiswa: zvokudya zvavo zvakanyatsobatana nemhepo yakadzika.

Sphagnum kutakura mabhegi anozadzwa nemvura uye inoita semarenzi. Muchidimbu chekudzivirira kwepasi hapana marinari emunyu, naizvozvo mires yakadaro yemuti inoshandiswa pakushaiwa kwekudya zvinovaka muviri: kunyanya sphagnum mosses, uswa uye zviduku.

Peat formation

Ifa yakawanda yemiti, iyo inounganidza gore negore mu sphagnum bog, inoumba zvikamu zvakakura zvakakura zvezvinhu zvakasikwa. Zvishoma nezvishoma vanotendeuka kuva peat. Izvi zvinoshandiswa nemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu: kunyanyisa kunonyanya, kutonhora kwakadzika uye kunenge kusisina kukwana kwe okisijeni. Zvasara zvezvose zvinomera zvakafa hazviwoni, kuchengetedza mafomu avo uye kunyange mapureni. Kudzidza peat samples, masayendisiti anogona kugadzira kuti mamiriro okunze munharaunda ino yakagadzirwa sei, uyewo kuti kushanduka kwemasango kwakaitika sei.

Sphagnum maruva anochengetedza hupfumi hwakawanda hwepeat, iyo inoshumira munhu semafuta, saka inokosha zvikuru mune zvehupfumi.

Sphagnum moss

Iyo inonyanya kukosha muvharo yemiti yepamusoro-soro inotambwa ne sphagnum moss. Iine chimiro chaicho chaizvo. Mashizha akafanana neeyi anowanikwa pamusoro pegomo, muchikamu chemuzasi - maearls emashizha marefu, akave akaenzana. Mashizha ane masero akasiyana-siyana, mamwe ayo anoita mamwe mabasa anokosha uye ane chlorophyll. Mamwe masero asina chinhu, asina ruvara uye akareba, ndiwo mucherechedzo wemhepo, iyo inoshandiswa sechipangoni kuburikidza nemhando dzakasiyana dzekuzarura muhombodo. Vanoshandisa ¾ kubva pasi rose rehizha. Nokuda kwavo, chikamu chimwe che sphagnum chinokwanisa kukonzera mvura. Moss inopa kuwedzera kwegore negore, mugore rimwe chete rinokura ne 6-8 cm.

Mimwe michero ye sphagnum bogs

Pamusoro pecheti yemiti, miti bedzi inokura rhizome kana zvishoma inofanirwa inokwanisa kukura. Izvi zvinowanzova uswa hwekotoni, sedge, cloudberry, cranberry, uyewo dzimwe hafu-shrubs, matavi awo anokwanisa kupa miviri yakaderera apo chikamu chepasi chinotanga kuvanza muhupamhi hwomukati. Miti yakadaro inosanganisira heather, ledum, birch , birch , etc. Cranberry inopararira pamusoro pepamusoro nemaputi mazhinji, gore rose gore negore rinoumba rosette yemashizha ari pamatepi we sphagnum. Mimwe miriwo inonzi herbaceous yeRussia inowanikwawo pano: sphagnum bogs inogarwa newaini, pemphigus, sedge. Kuti varege kuvigwa mu sphagnum, ivo vose vane simba rekutakura kukura kwavo kwepamusoro nekukwirira. Zvizhinji zvezvirimwa zvinoratidzwa nenguva shoma uye zviduku zvakasvibira mashizha.

Kubva pamiti yemhando iri mumusango, unogona kazhinji kuona pine. Kunyange zvazvo inowanzoita seyakasiyana zvakasiyana neyo inokura pajecha. Ikoko romuti unokura pamunda wakaoma kazhinji unowedzera, wakaoma. Nzvimbo yemvura inoputika pine yakadzika (haina kupfuura mamita maviri kumusoro), yakaoma. Mishonga yaro inopfupika, uye maonde ane maduku. Muchikamu chemuchinjikwa chemuti wakaonda, unogona kuona nhamba huru yemhete dzegore negore.

Miti inogara pine-sphagnum maruva haina midzi yakawedzerwa. Nokudaro, zvishoma nezvishoma zvinokura peat. Inowanika pakadzika zvakasimba, midzi haigoni kupa mvura yakakwana kumashizha, semugumisiro weiyo pine yakaoma uye inofa.

Kushandiswa kwemakumbo evanhu

Kukosha kwakakosha kunomiririrwa nemabhegi semuipi wepa peat deposits inoshandiswa sehuni, uyewo segwenga remagetsi kune mamwe masimba emagetsi. Mukuwedzera, peat inoshandiswa mune zvekurima: inosvika kumushonga, marara emhuka. Mune zvemabhizimusi, mabhii ekuvhara, maitiro akasiyana-siyana emakemikari (methyl doro, parafini, creosote, nezvimwewo) yakaitwa nayo.

Nekukosha kwehupfumi ndeyepamusoro-soro sphagnum bogs, iyo ndiyo nzvimbo huru dzekukura kwemakwenzi emiti: cranberries, cloudberries, blueberries.

Anthropogenic impact

Munguva ichangopfuura, basa rezvemari, iro munhu anotungamirira mumasango kana nzvimbo dziri pedyo, zvinokonzera kuchinja mumaruva. Zvinopindira zvakadaro zvinosanganisira dehumidification yemhashamba, moto, kufudza, miti inowira, kutakura nzira dzekutakura uye mapaipi emafuta. Zvirimwa zvemaruva zviri pedyo nemagetsi zvinowanzotambura nekusvibiswa kwepasi uye yevhu.

Kuchenesa kwema quarterly glades kunofambidzana nekucheka pasi pine, iyo inotungamirira kukukura kwegorosi, iyo inobatanidza birch. Sphagnum zvishoma nezvishoma inotsiviwa ne brittle mosses.

Somugumisiro wemoto, izvo zvinowanzowanzoitika munguva yemazuva, zvinomera zvinopisa. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, nzvimbo yepamusoro-soro inofukidzwa nehuwandu hwemhangura, iyo inogadzira zvigadziriswa zvicherwa. Izvi zvinotungamirira kune chokwadi chokuti panzvimbo yemoto inotanga kukura zvakanyanya pamba uswa, blubber, bhiriberry, uye rosemary uye birch.

Kuronga kwemvura kunogadziriswa nechinangwa chekugadzirwa kwepeat, kukura kwekurima, kusima kwemasango, nezvimwewo. Panguva imwecheteyo, uwandu hwevhu nevhu hwomumvura hunoderera, hutachiona hwehutano uye kuderedza minda yezvinhu zvakasikwa. Zvose izvi zvinotungamirira kuderera kwe peat deposits, kukura kweBirch. Cranberries uye uswa hwekotoni zvishoma nezvishoma zvinotsiviwa ne cloudberries, uye sphagnum mosses iri musango.

Chero chero munhu anobata pamvura inotungamirira kuchinangwa chekushanda kwemamiriro ose enyika uye, sechiguma, kune chinetso chekuenzanisa kwezvakatipoteredza mune zvakasikwa.