Steppe lark: tsanangudzo, kudya kunovaka muviri, kubereka

Steppe lark (jurbai) ishiri duku iyo muimbi akanaka. Muchiitiko ichi ivo vanowanzonyorwa muvhu-grey tonyarara tones. Shiri dzinoparadzirwa zvakanyanya, kunyanya dzinogara munzvimbo dzakasununguka: steppes uye meadows, zvisingabatsiri matsime uye masango-masango emakomo nemakomo. Vanowanzogara pamatavi emasango nemiti. Nheyo yezvokudya zvavo inonyanya muzhizha, semiti-yakasvibira mbeu yemarudzi ose emichero inonzi herbaceous uye zvipembenene. Muchando vanofudza mbeu.

Field zviratidzo

Iko rinoputika ishiri huru, ukuru hweanotarisa. Nhamba yacho yakakura, yakawanda. Zvokupfeka "lark", kune rumwe rutivi rwegwenje kune nzvimbo yakasviba huru, dzimwe nguva yakavharwa. Pasi penhiri yacho zvishoma zvishoma, yakachena. Mapapiro acho akareba uye akadzika pasi, asi nechemberi nechokumucheto kwechiedza, panguva yekutora inonyanya kuonekwa. Beak is light, thick.

Inowanikwa muminda uye steppes. Dzimwe nguva anoimba, agere pamusoro pegwenzi kana pasi, asi kazhinji - achibhururuka pamamita mamita 10, anonyatsokwira kumusoro, achitsanangura arcs. Rwiyo urwu rwunonakidza uye rwakaoma. Mariri unogona kunzwa mwanakomanaorous "hrrr", pamwe nekuridzira mhere, zvakajeka "vafundisi". Anotevedzera manzwi ezvimwe shiri: kumera kwemumusha , mamwe makumbo, hemp, warbler-badger, kuridza mhiri yevhu squirrel, an herbalist, mimwe mhando dzakasiyana.

Coloring

Steppe lark ine musimboti wekutanga we brownish-gray hue. Mutsipa wemutsipa, mapepa nechepamberi chikamu chemashure ane mapapiro ane nastvolya yerima uye mitsara yakasvibira.

Nastvolya yerima mu nadhvoste yakanyanya kutadza. Kupfeka mapapiro maduku mavara-mavara machena, makuru uye mashizha - masikati machena, mudiki, ane mitsetse yakasvibira kana yakasviba. Izvo zvinyorwa zvechipiri ndezvechipiri, zvine chiedza, chinenge chichena machena. Kudzora kuchena kwakanyanya uye nechomukati zvigaro tsvuku; Icho chiri pamucheto wechipiri wechipiri nemavhudzi machena akareba, mamwe ose - ane machena machena; Zvose zviri pakati nepakati zvakasvibirira, zvisina ruvara.

Rutivi rworuzhinji rwebhiri ruchena. Izvo zvikamu zvitsva zvemusoro zvine mavara-mavara ane ruvara; Pamusoro pemeso ake, kune jira rakasimba. Panzvimbo huru yemavara madema pamativi ehotera. Chikamu chikuru chebhokisi uye goiter nemashuzha, uyewo grisish pestrinami. Grey mapofu, semapapiro, chete mumagumo acho pane micheka yakachena. Light-brown iris. Paws uye bherani zvakasvibiswa.

Habitat

Steppe lark, iyo herbivorous, inorarama, sezvinojeka kubva kune zita, pane nzvimbo dzakasununguka dzemazamu pane pane zvakagadzirwa zvakanaka zvakasvibira.

Nyeredzi dzinogara munyika dzinotevera: Albania, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Algeria, Bulgaria, Afghanistan, Greece, Bosnia neHerzegovina, Egypt, Georgia, Jordan, Israel, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Spain, Cyprus, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, Libya, Moldova, Morocco, Portugal, Palestine, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Saudi Arabia, Slovenia, Siriya, Tunisia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Croatia, France, Montenegro.

Power supply

Kungofanana nedzimwe mimwe mazamu, muzhizha, maruva anopisa anopa chete zvokudya zvemhuka. Anofudza, achimhanyira pasi, uye anokanganisa zvose zvaanowana pane uswa nepasi. Dzimwe nguva anofamba uye anotarisa zvigaro zvemafuro ose. Muromo waro mukuru unowanzozara yakazara nematope. Ichi ndechokuti inotsvaga mabukira maduku kubva muvhu. Nechiremerera, anogonawo kupfura chando chechando chechando, asi kubva pasi ichi chinotora mbeu yeuswa.

Steppe lark is omnivorous. Anodya zvipembenene zvikuru - copras, mhashu, medljaks, nezvimwewo. Pakati pezvipembenene zvakasara, kunyanya kusarudza nyeredzi, zviyo, zviyo, mashizha, mashizha, zviyo zvezviyo, pamwe nevatasviki, nhunzi, nyuchi, nyuchi, nenyuchi nezvimwe. Mukuwedzera, spider ndiyo inonakidza inonakidza yewaini inonzi lark bird. Zvokudya zvaro, sezvatinoona, zvakasiyana kwazvo. Kupfuura vamwe, anodya nhengo dzematare, sezvo zvakagadzirwa zvakasiyana. Panguva imwecheteyo, pane zvishomanana kudya zvipukanana, lamellas, mashizha-vanodya, mhondi uye ants.

Kubereka

Nhasi ndege uye kuimba zvinobva munaMarch kusvika pakati paJuly. Panguva imwecheteyo, mapoka okutanga akaiswa pasi peZhdanov Borovikov pakupera kwaMarch. Makumbwe anowanikwawo kusvika pakati paJune.

Kufanana nedzimwe marara, dendere rinoronga pasi pegwenzi uswa mumugodhi, shading yakaisvonaka uye masking. Inovakwa kubva pamashizha akaomeswa ezviyo nemashizha, uyewo midzi midzi midzi. Sezvakangoita, mukati mekunze kunosanganisira zvinhu zvishoma. Nguva nenguva, inowanikwa mumurwi webhiza yakaoma yakatta. Mune mazamu, zvinogona kunge zvichinyanya 5 mazai, dzimwe nguva mazai matanhatu. Mazai anokwana masikati, mavara machena kana asina kuchena ane mavara akasiyana-siyana emaorivhi kana mavara, zvishoma nezvishoma mavara zvinoshandiswa kusvika pakupedzisira.

Imwe musikana inobata mazai kwemazuva gumi nematanhatu. Mune zvokudya izvi zvinotora mazuva anenge gumi.

Mhuka dzinenge dzichangobva kusiya dendere dzayo dzinosangana kubva pakati paMay kusvika munaJuly, apo mapoka ezvipfuwo anoremekedzwa ari kutotanga kuonekwa, achidyisa mashanga, steppes, migwagwa uye kudonhedzana pamwe chete nedzimwe maruva. Pakupedzisira kwezhizha kune mapoka makuru emarudzi - kubva kune vanhu 200. Kufamba kune izvi kunopfuurira kusvika pakupera kwekupedzisira. Kazhinji ivo vanoumbwa mumwendo wekuvhuvhuta chaiyo. Mamwe mapoka ezvipfuwo anokwanisa kuwanikwa kumaodzanyemba kwemazera. Nomadic mapoka ezvikwata zvakanyanyisa. Muchiitiko ichi, maruva mumamiriro ekunze akanaka kuimba uye kubhururuka, sepakati kwegore, nerwiyo.

Moulting

Muzviremera zvakakura, kufanana nezvimwe zvose, kuputira kunoitika kamwe kamwe pagore, kusvika munaAugust. Nestlings ane chinyorwa chisina kusimbiswa pasi, icho chiri mudendere chinotsiviwa nemafuta ekutanga, ayo anotsiviwa pakuvhura ne "munhu mukuru" wokutanga, chipfeko chakakomba.

Nhamba ye

Steppe lark is "landscape" mass bird. Anogara pane imwe nzvimbo yemamita zana emhepo kubva pane maviri, asina kupfuura 2 pairi pa 1 hectare yenyika.