Giant sequoia: photo. Ndeipi iyo giant sequoia ichikura?

Imwe giant sequoia kana mammoth (sezvinowanzonzikanwa) inoonekwa seimwe yemiti mikuru munyika yose. Uyewo iyi yakareba-chiropa ndeimwe yezvishamiso zvakawanda zvenyika. Uyu muti mukuru wemhuri ye conifer unogona kusvika pakakwirira mamita 110 mamita, uye mutumbi waro paupamhi mamita gumi nemaviri. Hupenyu hwechishamiso chezvisikwa hachisi chinhu chisinganzwisisiki. Iyo giant sequoia inorarama makore anopfuura 5000.

Nhoroondo yezvinoitika

Kusvika iye zvino, masayendisiti asvika pakugumisa kuti muti wekuzvarwa uku wakabuda panyika pasi pemamiriyoni 140 emakore akapfuura. Izvi zvinoratidzwa nemafuta akawanikwa uye akadzidza uye mamwe magwaro ekugadziriswa, pane izvo zvingagona kuverenga nguva yakatarwa yekuonekwa kwezvisikwa zvakasikwa zvepanyika pasi.

Munguva dzekare, sequoia inopararira munharaunda dzinozivikanwa nhasi seFrance, Japan uye kunyange neNovosibirsk Islands. Muti mukuru wakanga uripo munguva yeJurassic apo nyika yakange yakagarwa nedinosaurs, uye kunyange ipapo masango akatora nzvimbo dzakakura muchamhembe hemisphere. Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, makore makumi emamiriyoni makumi mashanu apfuura, nekuda kwekuti kutonhora pasi pano kwakaderera zvikuru, iyo yechando yakatanga. Giant sequoia yarega kupararira pasi rose uye nzvimbo yaro yakaderera zvikuru. Mushure mokupisa, miti iyi yakaramba iri panzvimbo imwe chete yekubatsira uye yakaramba ichikura mune imwe nzvimbo.

Iko guru guru sequoias rakawanikwa nevaSpain, avo muna 1769 vakatumira rwendo kunharaunda yeSan Francisco yemazuva ano. Zita rake mammoth rakagamuchirwa kubva munyanzvi nemitauro S. Endlifer, uyo akatanga kuvatumidza "miti tsvuku". Pakutanga, hapana munhu aiziva zvokuita neiyi refu yakareba. Vakanga vasina kunyatsoshandiswa, izvi ndezvikonzero zvekuti zvakanga zvisingaiti kugogodza mapuranga akasimba, nokuti vakanga vasina kutorwa kana nedemo kana kuona. Mukuwedzera kune dzose huni dzakanga dzisina kukodzera kuvaka, sekuti, somuenzaniso, muti wepaini kana zvimwe zvinokonzera. Masango eGiant sequoia aive akaparadzana muna 1848. Nenguva apo imwe hafu yemiti yakaparadzwa, hurumende dzeU.S. dzakasarudza kutanga kurinda zvisikwa zvinoshamisa zvezvisikwa.

Mazuva edu

Mazuva ano, masango easquoia anowanzoonekwa sevanhu, asi anochengetedzwa chete paPacific gungwa reCalifornia. Uyewo, muti mukuru unowedzera kumadokero kwezvikomo zveSierra Nevada makomo. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo chete iyo masara emasango makuru anoshamisa uye akaisvonaka akachengetedzwa. Izvi zvinochengetedza nzvimbo inenge makiromita anenge 670 emhenderekedzo yegungwa uye anenge makiromita makumi mashanu kusvika mukati mekondinendi. Giant sequoia haina kukura mumakomo, nokuti inoda humidity yakakwirira. Kunyange zvakadaro, muti mukuru uyu unonyatsopindirana nemazinga ekupisa, izvo zvakaita kuti chishamiso ichi chepasi chirambe chiripo panguva yechando.

Gore negore zviuru zvevashanyi vauya kuU.SA vanoda kuvezwa mufananidzo pasi pomuti. Iyo yakachengetwa, iyo giant sequoia inokura, inowanzozivikanwa pakati peAmerica iyo iyo yakatumidzwa zita guru rakadai sezita remukuru anozivikanwa weAmerica. Ichi chikuru chinodzivirirwa, sechinhu chipi nechipi chekuyeuchidza, uye chimiro chetsika yeAmerica yose. Pasinei nechinangwa chemasayendisiti, haisi kuderedzwa pasi pechikonzero chero chipi zvacho.

Muti "General Sherman"

Iyo giant sequoia "General Sherman" inokura muSierra Nevada uye inoonekwa seimwe yemiti inoshamisa kwazvo pasi pano. Kureba kwemuti kunopfuura mamita 83, uye mutumbi waro ndiro 1486 cubic mamita ane uremu hunopfuura 6 000 tani. Maererano nekufungidzira kusina kunaka, muti wacho pane imwe nzvimbo inenge makore 2700, uye unoramba uchikura. Gore negore giant inovaka huni huzhinji sezvo inogona kuwana mamiriyoni gumi nemiti. Masayendisiti achiri kupfuurira kudzidza chimiro che coniferous chete munyika iyo yakaona nhoroondo yose yevanhu muupenyu hwavo.

Imwe nyanzvi yakakurumbira

Mukuwedzera kune "General Sherman" mune imwe nzvimbo pane imwe miti inoshamisa - giant sequoia (sequoiaadendron). California, uko yaibviswa, ichiri kuchengetedza nheyo ye giant. Uyezve, yakakudzwawo, ichiva chiratidzo chisina kutaurwa chehurumende. Muti wacho wakaparadzwa muna 1930 pazera remakore ra1930! Pakati payo, mamwe mapoka akabatanidzwa nepende uye zvinotevera zvakanyorwa pamusoro pavo:

1. 1066 - gore reHondo yeHastings.
2. 1212 - gore rekusayina Bhuku guru reRusununguko.
3. 1492 gore rekuwanikwa kweAmerica.
4. 1776 - gore reDeclaration of Independence.
5. 1930 - gore rekucheka.

Tsanangudzo ye sequoia

Muti une chitubu chakasvibirira, iyo yakareba masendimita 60. Nayo zvinhu zvinoshaya zvachose mafuta, asi muhuwandu hwakawanda zvine tanin, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakasimba kune chero masango emoto. Kunyange miti yakatsva inoramba ichingokura, asi imwe miti yemifuta inofa mushure mokukundwa kwakadaro. Iyo huni yemuti uyu haisi pasi pekurwa kwezvipembenene, fungi, zvirwere nekuora. Midzi yaro inokura zvakadzika pasi pano kuti mukana wekuti muti uchawa kubva kune simba guru remhepo ndeye zero. Iyo giant sequoia, mifananidzo nemifananidzo zvinoshamisa mafungiro, ane bark rinopenya, iro rinowedzera kufara pedyo nepakati. Iyo haina kuora kwenguva yakareba, inogona kumira mitoro yakawanda uye naizvozvo yakakodzera kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinangwa, kunyange zvisingashandisi zvakashandiswa.

Kubereka

Munhu mukuru sequoia muti anopa mbeu yakawandisa, asi chikamu chiduku chazvo chinowanzobudirira, uye avo vakaputsa nepasi vanomanikidzwa kurwira hupenyu hwavo. Ichokwadi ndechekuti vechidiki vanosima bazi rose pamwe chete, asi vakuru vanowedzera, kunyanya vanowira pamatavi ezasi. Nokudaro, muti unoumba dome rakachengeteka iyo haibvumiri masikati. Masango ehoveo sequoia haabvumi kukura chinhu chipi nechipi pasi peiyo tsvina. Nokudaro, majaya maduku anofanira kurwisana nechiedza chisina kunaka, kubva kune ichi zvakaoma chaizvo kutaura pamusoro pekupararira kwechisikwa kwemiti yemammine pasi. Muitiko apo vanhu vachashandisa zvakadaro matanda akadai, pachava nekuda kwekugadzira zvigadziriswa zvakakosha mumiti mitsva ichakura.