Solow kukura muenzaniso: pfungwa, basa

kukura kwoupfumi iri welcome vose. Handiti, zvinoreva kuti kupa kuti kuwedzera zvinodiwa. Pane zvakawanda zvinogona kufungidzira sei uye chii chichaitika. Somuenzaniso, Solow-Swan. Kuva pfungwa sei uye chii chinoitika vamwe kwemasvomhu midziyo. Somuenzaniso, vanhu vakawanda neoclassical kukura womuenzaniso.

Vhuṱanzi

Zvakananga muenzaniso zvoupfumi kukura Solow vakauya Developers ayo ari Nobel Prize. Izvi hazvishamisi - nekuti ikozvino tichataura pamusoro chinokosha basa, izvo yambokurukurwa mumakore maviri adarika (mumakore 1950-1969). Seiko kubatsirwa? Nokuti tine muenzaniso kwezvoupfumi kukura Solow, zvinokwanisika kuongorora nzira dzakasiyana zvoupfumi mutemo wenyika, uyewo sei zvinokanganisawo mararamire vemo. Izvi zvinogona kushandiswa kufanotaura sei zvakawanda chigadzirwa akasikwa vanhu uchapedza ikozvino, kuti vachaponeswa yeramangwana. Izvi zvinokosha zvikuru nokuti mari - ndiwo ane pfuma. Ivo huwandu guru, chichakurukurwa riri upfumi ramangwana. Solow kukura womuenzaniso zvinoratidza zvose vhoriyamu okuwana sei kukura basa, guta hunde uye nani ruzivo. Uye kubva pane izvi kare kunobva kuwedzera National mari nguva. Kuti nani kunzwisisa nyaya uye kuti vazviise misoro ruzivo, isu huchakurukurwa zvakafanana zvinonakidza zvinhu akawanda, akadai Harrod-Domar womuenzaniso.

kuunganidza guta

The Solow kukura womuenzaniso izvi anopiwa rebei kutarisirwa. Zvinonzi akavaka kubva chaiwo pafungidziro rakasikwa pamusika zvakanyatsoenzana umo zvinoda kuti zvigadzirwa yakabereka ikoko vatengi uye makambani. Nemamwe mashoko, anosika zvigadzirwa anoenda zvinodyiwa uye inivhesitimendi. Zvino ngationei kushandisa Masvomhu uye akarongeka midziyo. Saka, kudyiwa basa rine nyore inonyatsoita: (1-NN) * D. Pano, NA - ndiye mari zvazvingava, D - mari. The chaizvo chete payakavakirwa rinoratidza sei anopfuurira kuparadzwa, uye rinoratidza chikamu mumatanda. A vanokwanisa - chiri mubhizimisi uye nzira rutsigiro. Chikamu mari iyi, iyo rachengetedzwa ramangwana achatsigira nyaya munguva dzakaoma. Mathematically, izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa (uye panguva iyoyo yakawedzera) achishandisa munhoroondo yenyika (isu). Zvadaro fomura yedu vaizova: (1-NA) * A isu +. Kana ukaita zvishoma kusanduka, ipapo tichava reVanodzika * D. Hazvina kujeka sei zvakaitika? Hazvina basa zvino kutarisana nayo. The pfungwa pano ndouyu: Investments - ivo, kufanana norukosoro, Proportional kuti mari. Muzviitiko apo vachaenzana chitsama nemari, mwero wavo rinoratidza chitsama chigadzirwa rakanga zvainanga guta upfumi.

changed maonero

Zvino funga Solow muenzaniso sechinhu Zvaiitwa kugadzirwa uye kudya. Yakadaro nzvimbo zvinogona Analytical nzira kunzwisisa sei kuunganidza guta chinowedzera zvoupfumi kukura munyika. kukosha kwayo zvachose mune zvoupfumi nemauto munyika iri kuchinja nokuda kwezvikonzero zviviri:

1. Invests uye inowedzera inzwi rayo.
2. Chikamu guta rovira kana depreciated, iyo ine kunambwa kukosha kwayo.

Ongorora iyoyo sezvo kuchinja uwandu guru zvakakodzera kutarisira kuti rairatidza zvinoita kuti chokuita kukosha oupfumi uye amortization. Kuti tiwane kukura indekisi pa mushandi, isu yokugadziridza yemaitiro edu zvishoma, vachipinda kugadzirwa basa, izvo zvinoratidza kukura mari chete mushandi ne guta-size: NA * PF. mutoo uyu anotiudza? The akakwirira guru-basa reshiyo, chikuru bhuku kugadzirwa uye inivhesitimendi. Taura pamusoro payo uye nezvimwe muenzaniso Keynesian upfumi kukura. Zvino iyi ndiyo zvikuru uye guru yauinayo reshiyo. Handiti, zvaigona kushandiswa, uye mumaindasitiri michina remakore rapfuura, asi ... Hazvina inoshanda zvokuti kubudirira.

amortization

Tiri pedyo huripo umboo kuti chokwadi. Uye nokuti ichi tinofanira kufunga depreciation. Zvokufungidzira kuti avhareji guta lifespan makore 25, uye tsvina mitemo (NV) - shanu muzana pagore. Sezvo anozivikanwa chisarudzo kurasikirwa, hanya zvinofanira kutorwa kuti vava nguva zvaizopedza sezvo inoraswa. Somugumisiro, mashoko nzira anotarira sezvizvi: Zvino Wepasi goko = - HB. Chii chokupedzisira ukoshi ratinotoziva. Earth goko - nokuchinja guru kudanda, uye ini - inivhesitimendi. Zviri nyore, zvakarurama? Kana pfungwa chii isu kare, zvino payakavakirwa ichi inogona dzakachinjwa sezvinotevera: Wepasi goko = NA * D - NV.

tsvangurudza

The guru guru reshiyo, dzakanga zvikuru uwandu mari uye kugadzirwa dzemaitirwe kuti mushandi mumwe. With ukoshi ichi panguva kunowedzera uye kwetsvina. Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri nokuti yakadzikama mamiriro ezvinhu ari chaizvo aitaura pfungwa kunyorerana. Kana nyaya yacho upfumi zvikamuka, kunokonzera mubhizimisi, pamwe kurega kunotanga vakachengeta water drainage. Nokufamba kwenguva, chinhu upfumi huri hwega nzvimbo, zvisinei ukuru kutanga guta. Nokuti muenzaniso zvoupfumi kukura Solow unhu kukwanisa kuongorora kukura nzira.

chikumbiro Example

Ngatitaurei kuteerera kare upfumi hwenyika yose. Vanovengwa Germany uye Japan vari kwatiri. Muna 1945, vakanga vari matongo, vanenge 60% yavo pazvinhu midziyo vakaparadzwa. Zvino vava pakati kupfuura zvikuru dzakabudirira. Dzimwe pfungwa dziri kukura mwero hwenyika vakapfuura vari avhareji kangani. Neoclassical kukura womuenzaniso, kusanganisira Solow, achifunga nzvimbo dzavo sezvo huchaita akatsiga mamiriro. It kwangoderera padanho kugadzirwa, asi nekuda mukuru mari mwero GNP (iyo hwaponeswa kubva apfuura), upfumi izvi vakakwanisa kuratidza mwero zvinoshamisa zvizhinji. Uye sezvo yakaderera guru-mari kure kusapfuudza huripo mudyandigere kukura, uye aiva mukuru kukura. Pashure pezvose, pakutanga ndakaramba kugadzirwa vhoriyamu, uye ipapo akatanga inivhesitimendi tiguu. Pano ari kuchinjwa mari uye inivhesitimendi. Vanhu vazhinji vanotaura kuti chii chakaitika muGermany uye Japan, chishamiso upfumi. Asi kana ukatarira kubva nemaonero Solow womuenzaniso, zvingadai kutarisirwa. Chimwe chinhu chakafanana chakaitika mune yaimbova Soviet Union pashure yakawondomoka. Zvisinei, hatigoni kutaura kuti aponese uye mari, tine chaizvo zvimwechetezvo.

Uye kuti mazuva dzakabudirira?

Ngatitii tine National zvoupfumi iri mudanga ezvinhu. Iye kachitanga pa mwero nemari uye reserves HC1 K1 guta. Ipapo HC1 HC2 kukura. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, pane vakawanda kuchinja mune upfumi. Uye kuti aripire kuramba Shootout. Capital achange kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kusvikira, kusvikira wasvika mamiriro k2, vakadengezera upfumi. Uye zvichaita kushanda mudanga rezvipfuwo nenzira, apo kukura hazviitiki kusvikira NC2 NC3. Solow anotaura kuti mumari mwero - chikuru determinant kuti inogona kuenderera kuwedzera ukoshi guru zvikuru. Zvimwe zvinhu kuva nahwo inopa chinokosha zvinobatsira pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu misika nyika. Pashure pezvose, nemhaka mari mwero iri kuwedzera bhuku upfumi, uchiteverwa padanho kugadzirwa - uye mari (verenga - zvinodiwa). Nokuda kwaizvozvi, munyika kuti kuchikosha paminiti capita mari uye chepamusorosoro mwero National Assembly, pane yakakwirira dziine kukura mune upfumi. Zvino mberi kusvika vachiwana mamiriro.

kwouwandu hwevanhu

Bvumiranai - muenzaniso Keynesian upfumi kukura ndiko kufarira yakakwana, uye Robert Solow akakwanisa kusika yakakwirira chaizvo unhu mubhizimisi kadhi. Asi kwete ndizvozvo zvose. Handiti, pane kugara zvoupfumi kukura, izvo tinogona kuchengeta pose. Nokuti ichi tinofanira kusanganisira mumwe paakati - kukura vemo. Sei here? Ngatiyeukei: kuti mubhizimisi anowedzera guru water drainage - anoderedza. Population kukura zvakare kunoita kuti zvinoderedza guta kusimba mushandi mumwe nomumwe. Zviri chimwe chinhu - kana munhu kuti muchina, uye ndeimwewo - kana ari oga kuti gumi nevaviri vashandi. Izvi zvinoita kuti kupa isina kunanga tsanangudzo uye nei nyika varombo vari panguva uye vakadaro vari kukura vakawanda nokukurumidza (kunoreva kuti States of Africa, Asia uye South America). Uye apo vanhu kuwedzera zvinhu zvitsva dzesayenzi zvakaitwa, kuramba zvoupfumi kukura - ndiwo mugumo.

dzimwe mhando

Yeuka, kare akavimbisa kuti funga zvimwe kwemasvomhu midziyo? Zvino isu funga muenzaniso Harrod-Domar. peculiarity Its ndechokuti pakutanga akatanga uye kuchangamuka kumhanyisa. Yakava pakakwirira pane izvo, vakabva, kuti Solow muenzaniso yambokurukurwa. peculiarity Its ndechokuti chimwe chikonzero. Saka, zvakanga vaidavira kuti kukura kwoupfumi chete zvakakwana kushanda zviri kuitika. Senzira Harrod-Domar muenzaniso vakanga hwokurara Masvomhu kuti kubvumira kuverenga inonzi inosimbiswa dziine zvoupfumi kukura. Kana chipi zvarakasiya zvakanzi vaidavira kuti mhosva tinofanira kugara zvikonzero. Zvadaro, pasi kumanikidzwa kutsoropodzwa nokuda kwaita muenzaniso Solow iye akakwana kwakaregwa nemhaka yokusakwana kwavo.

mhedziso

Saka isu akatarira chii chinoumba muenzaniso. Nokuda ari yokungotaura hwaro anogona kunzwisisa kupi kuenda kunotora upfumi zvakazoonekwa kuti uve mukundi - unofanira inotokonya kukura mari.