Sezvamunoita chinhu mifananidzo: Mienzaniso

Tinotaura nhasi nezvenyaya. "Tsika zvinhu murwiyo" Asi kutanga, tinofanira kuyeuka kuti "sezvamunoita". Kokutanga tinosangana ino izwi kuchikoro. Asi zvose Rwako, zvose kuchinja, zvishoma nezvishoma kunyange ruzivo akasimba zvapera. Saka, tinorava Ted akwegura uye kurasikirwa pakakoromoka izere.

The sezvamunoita mabhuku

Chii sezvamunoita? Chokutanga, kuti vatsvake kubatsirwa kubva duramazwi rinotsanangura uye kudzidza kuti shanduro chaiwo kubva muchiLatin, iri izwi rinoreva "kudhirowa, kunyora." Zviri pachena kuti pasina "mabasa", kureva pasina "nziyo" rinogona kuva noumhizha (mienzaniso kutevera pazasi) uye rugwaro chero yose. Kubva ichi zvinoratidzika kuti murwiyo mabhuku - zviri humwe hurongwa penhindi mifananidzo. Uyezve, vaya kana nezvimwe uye nzira romubati mifananidzo kuti vave zvakananga noukama zviri acho.

The chikuru zvinhu murwiyo

Kana isu kuzarura bhuku, rokutanga chii isu tariro uye kutarisira kuti - zviri wakanaka kunakidza nyaya zvichaita kushamisa kana tirambe muchizvidya, uye pashure penguva refu usakuregedza, kumanikidza zvakare uye zvakare nepfungwa ugodzoka kuverenga. Mupfungwa iyi, munyori - iri Artist wechokwadi, iyo zvikurukuru zvinoratidza pane rinotiudza. Haazorwari yakananga chinyorwa akafanana: ". Zvino ndava kutaurira" Mukupesana, ayo kuvapo haaoneki, unobtrusive. Asi chii chaunofanira kuziva uye kukwanisa unyanzvi yakadaro?

Rinoumba zvinhu - ndiwo palette, umo yokudhirowa - a tenzi mashoko, mixes pendi ake, saka kuti gare gare zvakazoonekwa nyaya inopenya uye mavara. Idzi dzinosanganisira: kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura, nhaurirano, description, raibuda, maitiro mifananidzo, Copyright shure venhema Genre, rangano, zano. Zvadaro - pamusoro mumwe nomumwe wavo zvizere.

monologues

Zvichienderana mangani vanhu kana vatambi vari noumhizha vanobatanidzwa pakutaura - mumwe, vaviri, kana kupfuura, - isolated kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura, nhaurirano uye polylogue. Ekupedzisira - a mhando kwehurukuro, saka isu hatingazvirumbidzi kugara mairi. Funga zviviri chete wokutanga.

Kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura - a sezvamunoita Kufananidzira, wakaumbwa kushandisa munyori kutaura nezvounhu, iyo isina kuitirwa kupindura kana hazvirevi kundoitora. Kazhinji, rinenge yakanyorerwa vateereri kunoshamisa basa, kana kuti iye pachake.

Zvichienderana mashandiro acho musiyano wemarudzi aya kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura se: hwokugadzira - rondedzero gamba chakaitika kana kuitika panguva zviitiko; lyrical - kuchinjwa gamba zvavo simba mupfungwa zvakaitika; kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura-Mutongo - dzomunyika zvichiratidza chimiro, inova sarudzo yakaoma.

Chimiro marudzi anotevera: Shoko romunyori - chikumbiro vaverengi ari munyori, kazhinji kuburikidza imwe hunhu; Rwizi pfungwa - vakasununguka chekubuda Ndangariro gamba sezvo vari, pasina pachena zvisingarambiki, uye kwete kuomerera nemitemo kuvakwa mabhuku kutaura; dialectic pfungwa - mashoko gamba pakati zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira; Nhaurirano moga - mupfungwa kurapwa unhu mumwe hunhu munhu; furati - mumutambo ane mashoko mashoma kurutivi, izvo zvaizobatsira ino mamiriro gamba; stanzas - uye kunoshamisa lyrical kuratidzwa chimiro.

dialogic kutaura

Nhaurirano - chimwe chinhu pamusoro nziyo, kukurukurirana pakati maviri kana kupfuura vatambi. Kazhinji kutaura dialogic - icho yakanaka nzira kuparadzira imwe kudhumhana pakati maviri rinopikisa pfungwa maonero. Chinobatsira zvekare kusika mufananidzo, kuti Kuziviswa munhu hunhu.

Pano ndinoda kutaura pamusoro anonzi panhaurirano nyaya kunosanganisira kukurukura rinosanganisira zvachose mibvunzo uye akapindura yakatofanana mumwe kutaurwa - ndiwo mubvunzo uye mhinduro yapfuura paChidzidzo cheteyo. Artwork (mienzaniso kutevera pazasi) Khanmagomedov Aydin Asadullaevich "Mountain Girl" - zvinosimbisa yakajeka.

tsananguro

Ko murume? Izvi hunhu inokosha uye unhu, uye yakasiyana Kutarira zvakatipoteredza umo akaberekwa, ndikakudza ikoko panguva youpenyu, uye imba yake, uye izvo iye akapoteredzwa, uye vanhu, kure uye pedyo, uye zvakatipoteredza pezvawakaita ... mazita ari kusingaperi. Naizvozvo, kusika chifananidzo mune mabhuku basa, munyori anofanira kutarisa unhu hwake kubva ose zvinoita maonero uye tsanangura, kwete asipo rimwe akadzama, kunyange zvakawanda - chokusika "rinoreva" chitsva, usingagoni kunyange kufungidzira. In mabhuku, zvinotevera mhando kuchiitwa Rondedzero: asian, mukati, nzvimbo.

asian

Ichi chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha compositional okunze ari mabhuku. Rinotsanangura kwete chete chitarisiko gamba, asi nyika yake yomukati - vanonzi mupfungwa asian. Uye siyana zvakaita nzvimbo basa ounyanzvi. Sezvo kunogona kutanga bhuku kana nekusiyana ivo anoguma (A. P. Chehov, "Ionich"). Description chitarisiko inogona pakarepo pashure chimiro chiito (Lermontov "Hero Chenguva Yedu"). Mukuwedzera, munyori vanogona kuwana hunhu mune imwe zii swoop, monolithic (Raskolnikov mu "Utsotsi uye nakazinii" Muchinda Andrei mu "Hondo uye Rugare"), uye imwe nguva uye kuti kubvisa zvinhu rugwaro ( "Hondo uye Rugare", Natasha Rostova). Zvikurukuru, munyori pachake rinotora mumakwenzi, asi dzimwe nguva anopa kodzero iyi vamwe vatambi Somuenzaniso, yokufungidzira Bamba Maksimych kuti "Hero Chenguva Yedu", saka kuti rinogona kurondedzerwa zvakarurama ari Pechorin. Portrait anogona kunyorwa Zvinoshamisa (Hippolyte Kuragin), satirical (Napoleon mu "Hondo uye Rugare") uye "achimisa". Pasi "rinokudza girazi" ari munyori dzimwe nguva unowana chete munhu zvimwe zvikamu kana ose akaenzana - dimikira, unhu, nhengo dzomuviri, zvipfeko (Oblomov).

mukati Description

Interior - ndiko chinhu pamusoro yokufungidzira nziyo, izvo rinobvumira munyori kuumba rondedzero gamba musha. Hapana zvishoma zvinokosha pane asian, nokuti rondedzero mhando kwakavakirwa, nemidziyo, mhepo kwakapararira mumba - zvose kuridza inokosha basa nokupfuuridzirwa zvechadenga mutambi, kunzwisisa kudzika akasikwa mufananidzo. Interior anoona uye ukama hwepedyo unyanzvi chidimbu, unova chikamu kuburikidza iyo zivo yose, uye chete, iyo inoonekwa kuburikidza muzvizhinji. Saka, Somuenzaniso, Dostoevsky kuti yokufungidzira "The Nemurubaka" ari kwakakwidibira imba Rogozhina "akarembera" mufananidzo Holbein kuti "Vakafa Kristu" kuti aratidze kamwe zvakare kuti shingirira hondo kutenda kwechokwadi kutsva, pamwe kusatenda muna Rogozhina mweya.

Landscape - tsananguro hunhu

Sezvo akanyora Fyodor Tyutchev, zvisikwa - hazvisi izvo isu kufungidzira, hazvisi dzoutsinye. Mukupesana, kune vazhinji chakavanzika: mweya uye rusununguko, uye rudo, uye mutauro. Izvozvo zvinogona kutaurwawo kwenzvimbo iri mabhuku basa. Rakanyorwa nokubatsira wakadaro zvine maatomu akafanana sezvo landscape, inotsanangura kwete chete mamiriro, nharaunda, guta, mapurani, asi mukuita kudaro, uye anoratidza mamiriro chimiro, nokusiyana dzinongoitika kwevanhu zvimiso zvavanotenda, anoita somunhu mumwe mutambi.

Rangarirai paaifamba pomuouki tsanangudzo Prince Andrew kusvikira kuimba Rostovs iri yokufungidzira "Hondo uye Rugare". Chii iye (pomuouki) raiva pakutanga - vatana, kwakakwidibira, "munhu yokusaremekedza vhundutsa" pakati nyika vachinyemwerera uye chitubu birches. Asi pamusangano wechipiri, pakarepo yatumbuka, akagadziridzwa, pasinei remakore-oma goko. Achiri akateerera chitubu uye upenyu. Pomuoki Chiitiko ichi - hazvina chete landscape, tsananguro unoponesa hunhu pashure muchando refu, asi chiratidzo kwakaitika Prince vade shanduko, mudariro itsva hwake, uyo aikwanisa "zororo" Dzava akadzika midzi maari nechido kuva adzingwa upenyu kusvikira afa .

rondedzero

Kusiyana description, chiri kunofambira mberi mariri, hapana chinoitika, hapana anochinja, uye vakawanda mubvunzo "chii?", Nhoroondo zvinosanganisira chiito anotumira "maitikiro" uye kiyi nyaya kwaari ndiko "chii chakaitika ? ". Achitaura nenzira yokufananidzira, chokurondedzera sezvo mifananidzo chinhu nziyo kunogona se'chipo yemasiraidhi anoratidza - kukurumidza kuchinja nemifananidzo nyaya.

hurongwa mufananidzo

Sezvo mumwe munhu ane richikurukura mitsara iri nyore, pova akasiyana muenzaniso, uye mumwe chigadzirwa ane yayo rakasiyana nyika zvifananidzo. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira mufananidzo munyori, kana pane mumwe, mufananidzo narrator, vanonyanya kutaurwa-antipodes vatambi, kutsigira vanhu uye zvichingodaro. Ukama hwavo dzinovakwa maererano pfungwa uye zvinangwa nemunyori.

Copyright dzokera shure

Kana digression - vanonzi vnesyuzhetny zvine maatomu akafanana hwaishandiswa nezvezvisikwa munyori sezvo Unokanganisa kupinda nyaya, nokudaro kukanganisa rakananga nzira KuMasiye. Ko sei? Chokutanga, kuti asimbise chaiwo waunoziva pakati munyori uye muverengi. Pano munyori asisiri rinowanikwa basa narrator, uye kunozarura mweya wake, kunomutsa mibvunzo zvikuru pachavo, anoti ari yetsika, aesthetic, madingindira kwouzivi anoudzawo mirangariro yake yake. Saka, muverengi Rinotarisira kubata mweya wako pamberi inotevera parukova zviitiko, mira uye zvakadzama tikanzwisisa pfungwa pabasa, kufungisisa mubvunzo wakabvunzwa nayo.

chivhariso Genres

Ichi chimwe chinhu chinokosha rinoumba, izvo hakusi chete inodiwa chikamu nyaya, asi anoshumirawo somutariri komberedza, rakadzika Kuziviswa ndiani gamba, zvinobatsira kunzwisisa chikonzero chimwe upenyu sarudzo, nyika yake yomukati, uye zvichingodaro. Akaisawo angava chero Genres mabhuku. Somuenzaniso, nyaya - vanonzi nyaya mukati nyaya (the yokufungidzira "A Hero Chenguva Yedu", "), nhetembo, nyaya, nhetembo, nenziyo, ngano, tsamba, zvirevo, diaries, mashoko, zvirevo uye vamwe vakawanda. Vanogona kuva yake uye nevamwe vanhu.

The zano uye storyline

nezvepfungwa mbiri idzi dzinowanzopiwa kuvhiringidzwa mumwe kana, kana isiri tenda kuti vari dzakangofanana. Asi vanofanira kusiyaniswa. Zano - zvinganzi, kuti marangwanda, nemhaka bhuku, umo nhengo dzose dziri dyidzana uye kutevera mumwe pashure pomumwe uchitanga, izvo zvinokosha zvizere Kuzadziswa romunyori chinangwa, pfungwa kuburitsa. Mune mamwe mazwi, zviitiko munyaya kunogona kuitika munguva yakasiyana nguva. Rangano - ndiyo nheyo, asi ari kupfuura yaiitwa yakapfupikiswa chimiro, uye ndinoiitawo - maitikiro zvavo munhevedzano yokuverengwa kwenguva. Somuenzaniso, kubereka, pauduku, kuyaruka, vechidiki, kukura, kukwegura uye rufu - ndiyo nyaya, nyaya - zviri kukura, ndangariro pauduku, kuyaruka, vechidiki, lyrical digressions, kukwegura uye kufa.

Subject sezvamunoita

Munyaya, sezvinongoita munhu anodzidza basa pacharo, ine zvokukura kukura. At mwoyo nyaya dzose pane nguva dzose kusawirirana, kumativi raikura huru zviitiko.

Book chinotanga okusuma, kana kuti dzokupisa, kureva, pamwe chete "tsanangudzo", tsananguro yacho, kuti pokutangira, zvose akatanga. Izvi uchiteverwa kwamagwaro, tinogona kutaura, ruchifanoona zvichaitika. Panguva iyi, muverengi anotanga kuona kuti ramangwana vachinetsana haasi kure. Kazhinji, zviri muchikamu chino uye kundosangana vanonyanya kutaurwa, avo vakananga pamwe chete, divi-ne-divi apfuure nemiedzo inouya.

Tinoramba uchatamisa zvinhu pasi sezvamunoita. Akatevera danho - kukura of chiito. Kazhinji, izvi ndizvo rinonyatsooneka chimedu rwezuva. Pano muverengi ratova kuva zvisingaoneki ubatanidzwe zviitiko, iye anoziva zvose, anofunga, chii munyu kuitika, asi achiri kunzwa. Zvishoma nezvishoma, asi Centrifugal simba nayo sucks, zvishoma nezvishoma, kusvikira Akashamisika pachake, iye unowana pachake ari pakati maelstrom. Anouya mugumo - yepamusoro apo uye vanonyanya kutaurwa, uye muverengi zviri rikawira dutu manzwiro uye manzwiro gungwa wakakwana. Zvino, kana zviri pachena kuti akaipisisa ari pamusoro uye unogona kufema, zvinyoronyoro kugogodza pamusuo zindoga. Iye achiri zvinodzeya, anotsanangura zvose anoronga zvose zvinhu zviri echiShinto - chimwe nechimwe panzvimbo yacho, uye makakatanwa zvishoma nezvishoma shoma. Epilogue anounza yokupedzisira mutsetse uye inotsanangura muchidimbu upenyu ramangwana huru uye yechipiri vanotaurwa. Zvisinei, kwete nyaya dzose zvakafanana yakarongeka. Traditional zvenyaya upenyu hwaAbhigairi nziyo zvakasiyana.

rungano

Ngano - nhema, saka zvechokwadi. Chii? nengano murwiyo zvinhu zviri zvikuru vakasiyana "hama" dzavo, kunyange kana kuverenga, chiedza uye akadzikama, regai cherechedzai. Ndiyo tarenda kumunyori kana kunyange rwose. Sezvatinorayirwa Alexander, verenga rengano kunofanira, kunyanya vanhu vakaderera, nekuti vane zvose ehupfumi mutauro wokuRussia.

Saka chii ndivo - tsika pezvokuvamba upenyu hwaAbhigairi nziyo? Shoko rokutanga - iri shoko, izvo vanogadzirisa kune tarenda mwoyo uye anovimbisa yakawanda zvishamiso. Somuenzaniso: "Ko nyaya iyi sei mangwanani pacharo uye asati adya chisvusvuro, poevshi nyoro chingwa ..." Kana ukateerera kuzorora, ugare pasi vasununguka uye kuteerera zvimwe, inguva wokugadzirisa - kutanga. Vanomirira vanonyanya kutaurwa, nguva uye nzvimbo chiito, uye akabata chimwe kuti wakapatsanura nyika muzvikamu zviviri - chaiye uye mashiripiti.

Next anouya nyaya pacharo, iro zvinowanzoitika repetitions kuti kuwedzera ruzivo uye zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika kuna nemakwara. Uyezve, nhetembo, nenziyo, mhuka onomatopoeia, nhaurirano - zvose izvi chinokosha zvinhu pamusoro rungano pakati murwiyo. In rengano ikoko uye ayo nekuguma, kuti vorudzii inopfupikisa zvose zvishamiso, asi panguva imwe chete achitaura nezvendima parinogumira nyika mashiripiti: ". Living, nekufara uye cashing zvakanaka"