Sechivako yeimwe uye zvikuru Chizenga

The kweropa Hurongwa anoita chokufambisa basa mumuviri mhuka inodziya-ropa rechiJudha chairo, akapa nyama pamwe zvinovaka muviri uye oxygen. Transport reokisijeni uye carbon dioxide rinoitwa kuburikidza dzvuku mhuru ropa, kusanganisira rinokosha fuma - hemoglobin. Munyaya ino tichakurukura kutarisa mhando uye Chizenga akakura.

Chii Chizenga

Chizenga - ndiyo chikamu erythrocyte, kungova boka kwemapurotini. Inoitwa 96% proteinaceous nyaya globin uye 4% yemashoko ane atomu 2-valent simbi - heme. Mune imwe yayo erythrocyte sero rine vanenge mamiriyoni 280 mamorekuru kuti anoumba munhu ropa yakatsvuka.

The chikuru pfuma Chizenga - simbi kukwanisa batanidza gasses uye dzainamatira, pova zvinofamba okisijeni kubva mumapapu kusvikira munyama uye carbon dioxide kubva munyama kusvika mumapapu. Saka, basa rayo nedanho gasi mukutsinhana mumuviri hunokosha.

Marongerwo uye mhando Chizenga kwevanhu

Panguva dzakasiyana zvokukura kukura munhu muviri womunhu Chizenga zvakasiyana iri nemamiriro polypeptide nengetani. Zvichienderana worudzii polypeptide ngetani rine Chizenga mamiriro mhando Chizenga hwevanhu sezvinotevera:

1. Adult Chizenga (HbA) zvinowanikwa chikuru mari (anenge 98-99% of yaipedzerwa muropa) nedzevakuru. HbA 2 uye chinosanganisira polypeptide necheni mbiri. In nerimwe amino asidhi chine heme chinoumba helices pamwe atomu anokonzera sungano kuti yakachena Morekuru. HbA ane yakaderera tichikwanisa okisijeni kupfuura ukama nedzimwe mhando Chizenga, asi panguva imwe chete zvakanyanya husingakwanisi ph nokufamba uye t.
2. Fetal (HbF) iri synthesized ari mudumbu achiri mudumbu, kutangira kwevhiki 6-7 pamuviri , zvichiteverwa kuzvitsinhanisa kwayo pamusoro HbA. Nechekare 1 mwedzi upenyu DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA kubatana kwetunhu HbF, zvachose ropa vhoriyamu kunowedzera, kunowedzerwa uye HbA kwetunhu kuti makore matatu upenyu hwomwana rinouya chikamu murwiyo ropa mukuru. Fetus Chizenga kubva vakura globin namaketani zvakasiyana sezvamunoita, varipo pane nengetani mhando zononoka. HbF, sezvo zvichienzaniswa HbA, ane yakaderera dhigirii kurwisa kuti kuchinja ropa ph uye muviri tembiricha zvakasiyana.
3. Embryo (HbE). Primary kufema chimiro puroteni anogadzirwa embryo pamberi paumbwe placenta (kare vhiki yokutanga yepamuviri) uye kunotora vhiki 6-7. The mamiriro inozivikanwa nokuva ngetani uye ζ-mhando.

Mhando Pathological pamusoro Chizenga

Mune zvimwe zviitiko kufurirwa vaberekwe vakaremara kuitika zvemamiriro Chizenga usage masero. Mhando Pathological pamusoro Chizenga zvakasiyana kubva vasiri Zvinoumba polypeptide zvisungo, kana pane yavo mutation.

Somugumisiro, DNA kunotouraya reongororo erythrocyte zvinoriumba havasi glutamic uye valine amino acid. Izvi "HR" kuzvitsinhanisa inotungamirira paumbwe imwe puroteni-kufanana maumbirwo 2 ne "namuka" pose mugove inokwanisa rakavapa zvivako izvi pachavo. Saka polymerization kunoitika HbS-mamorekuru uye, somugumisiro, deposition inorema uye havaratidzi zvifambiswe erythrocytes mumidziyo ropa. kutsauka uyu anonzi "jeko muchitokisi kupererwa neropa".

Dzemunharaunda nazvo kuti Chizenga muvanhu

Zviri mapuroteni kuti kufema hurongwa neropa vanhu zvingasiyana maererano munhurume, zera boka, mararamiro, uye vamwe features, akadai pamuviri.

Normal tsika ropa Chizenga, hadzina vaiona pathological kutsauka:

• Varume - 130-150 g / l.
• Women - 120-140 g / l.
• Children pasi gore rimwe 100-140 g / L, uye mumwedzi wokutanga, tsika idzi inogona kusvika kusvika 220 g / L nokuda wakawedzera wevasungwa fetus hemoglobin. Nokuti vana kubva gore rimwe makore matanhatu - 110-145 g / L, uye 6 makore oupenyu - 115-150 g / L, zvisinei zvepabonde mwana.
• In pamuviri, vasanyanye HbA wevasungwa kusvika 110 g / L, iyo Zvisinei hakunganzi neta neta.
• vanhu vachembera ndozvakajairwa pasi zvinoitwa 5 inokwana zviyero kubva akataura mitemo, zvichienderana bonde murwere.

Maererano zera zvinodiwa chakasiyana uye ropa rine mhando panguva dzakasiyana pane hemoglobin. Somuenzaniso, mune mukuru kwevanhu dzinongoitika reshiyo ndiyo 99% HbA uye anosvika 1% HbF. Vana kusvika chikamu HbF kwakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura vanhu vakuru, nokuda zvishoma nezvishoma disintegration of pakutanga iripo siyana fetus hemoglobin.

vasiri chimiro

Sezvo tsvuku kufema ruvara anoramba paChikoro gasi mukutsinhana pezvakaitwa mumuviri, ayo chikuru chepfungwa kukwanisa kuumba yeimwe vane mamorekuru pamusoro magasi akasiyana-siyana. Somugumisiro wanda zvakadai marudzi vasiri pamusoro Chizenga, iyo anonzi chakaipa.

• Oxyhemoglobin (HB) - remubatanidzwa ane yakachena Morekuru. Kwacho rikaitika kufema turakiti, ari Formação de pakati mumapapu. Oxygenated tsvuku corpuscles ropa akasvibiswa mu yakatsvuka, unonzi arterial uye kunoita kubva mumapapu kusvikira munyama, huchiita navo okisijeni zvakakodzera kuti oxidation kwendangariro.
• Deoxyhemoglobin (HbH) - akaderedza Chizenga aumbwa kana tsvuku corpuscles kupa okisijeni munyama, asi haana vanokwanisa kubvisa kwavari carbon dioxide.
• Carboxyhemoglobin (HB) kuumbwa panguva jekiseni carbon dioxide inobvisa kubva munyama uye nokubvisa nayo chiedza, kupedza chirongwa afemeruke kwevanhu. Carboxyhemoglobin anopa venous ropa rima ruvara - burgundy.

kanganisika kwokubatana

masero matsvuku eropa inogona kwakabatana kwete chete kune magasi muzvirongwa kufema kwacho, asi dzimwe mhando zvemamiriro muchimiro Chizenga kuti vari utano hwevanhu uye kunyange upenyu. yeimwe izvi vane vakaderera kuchidonha Zvisinei kutungamirira zvinyama hypoxia, uye zvakakomba kutyorwa kuri kufema kwacho.

• Karbgemoglobin (HbCO) - zvikuru ngozi remubatanidzwa muropa romunhu pashure Kufema carbon monoxide. Dzinovaka kukwanisa masero matsvuku eropa kutakura okisijeni kuti munyama. Kunyange duku Kuwanda carbon monoxide mumhepo pamusoro 0,07% kungaita kuti rufu.
• Methemoglobin (HbMet) inoumbwa muchetura nitrobenzene yeimwe, mienzaniso zviri aliphatic Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti, zvokufembedzwa, ethers, cellulose, zvikuru kushanda muna Whitehead Textile indasitiri. Nitrates vari kudyidzana pamwe Chizenga huri heme iri anotendeuka 2-valent simbi iri 3-valent, izvo kunounza hypoxia.

kuongorora chirwere kuti Chizenga

Kuti kuziva wevasungwa kuti globin kufema hurongwa muropa evanhu akaita zvose Qualitative uye quantitative marudzi assays. Chizenga iri amutsvaka kuti uwandu tigutsikane mairi nesimbi ions.

Huru quantitative nzira nokuda kuziva wevasungwa kuti Chizenga iri nhasi ane colorimetric munhu akaidza. Zviri kudzidza ruvara saturation zvipenyu zvinhu nokuwedzera kwachiri rinokosha reagent.

Qualitative nzira zvinosanganisira ropa kuongorora pamusoro kugutsikana mairi ukama mhando HbA uye HbF. Panewo Qualitative kuongorora anorondedzera quantification ropa glycated Chizenga mamorekuru (yeimwe pamwe kabhoni) - nzira inoshandiswa rokuongorora chirwere cheshuga.

Kutsauka kubva dzose Chizenga wevasungwa

Balance dzingasiyana HbA zvose pasi uye pamusoro vasingambooni chakaipa nazvo. Chero zvazvingava, ichi zvinotungamirira migumisiro yakaipa. Kana pane kuderera HbA pathological chirwere pazasi ndozvakajairwa, unonzi "simbi kushaikwa kupererwa neropa". It akaratidza lethargy, kushaya simba, kushaya hanya. Kwakakanganisa inokanganisa tsinga, kunonyanya ngozi vari vana, sezvo kazhinji kukonzera sokunonoka vari psycho-motokari kukura.

Inosimudzira Chizenga haisi yoga chirwere, asi ndiko chirwere anoratidza siyana pathologies dzakadai cheshuga, pulmonary kukundikana, mwoyo chirwere, chirwere cheitsvo, folic acid kana overabundance kuti B mavhitaminzi, kenza uye nevamwe.