Russian stratigraphic akamboona. International stratigraphic pakafunuka

In chronostratigraphic kupatsanura munhu nevakawanda chinangwa. Ndiyo hurongwa dismemberment ari kutevedzana kwezviitiko akaturikidzana ari nyika pamusoro chikwata. Vane mazita avo, izvo dzinoenderana zvikamu zviri geologic nguva. Pepa ichakurukurwa muudzame geochronological uye stratigraphic akamboona. Havasi ukama nguva nemabhuku chete. Stratigraphic, geochronological neshekeri - zviri akagamuchira mitemo. Ivo inoshandiswa kutema kuti Geological zviitiko.

International stratigraphic pakafunuka

The chidzoke ino chinhu zvakawanikwa zvinokosha munhoroondo yevanhu. Ndicho hwaro stratigraphy. Nzira chokuwana mashoko pamusoro Geological nhoroondo goko paNyika akasvinudzwa vachishandisa yemapuraneti pezvose. ILS chinhu chinokosha, rinogona kugadzirisa matambudziko akawanda Geological. Pasina ino hwaizodai kusika zhinji mepu nyika uye kurondedzerwa dzimwe nzvimbo huru, dzakadai tectonic, Geological, paleogeographic, paleoclimatic, paleolandscape uye vamwe vakawanda.

mazwi

Pfungwa yokuti "mukuru stratigraphic pezvose" chakawanikwa muna zvinyorwa Russian unowanzosangana. Under zvarinoreva zvinonzwisiswa waifarirwa hunhu wegadziriro uye munyika yose kwakaita chikumbiro chacho. Stratigraphic chikero imwe kutevedzana taxonomic dzakabatana. ino chingarangarirwa sechinoitika Munongedzo Mhedziso Geological nguva apo pasi sedimentary mumuhara rakaumbwa. Rinomirira chikamu akanyatsokodzera yakakwana lithosphere paNyika pasina overlaps siyana uye maburi.

zvoupenyu chikumbiro

The Hurongwa rinoshandiswa nevakawanda sezvo geji nomumwe Geological zvikamu. Rinoshandiswawo kuona ukama chero zvikamu lithosphere. In yakatarwa iyi mumwe kana raznovozvratnost. Ose pamusoro zvinhu kuti dzakawanda stratigraphic kukuru hwaro vaigadzirira muronga zviitiko. iyi yakayerwa ndiyo hwaro mamiriro kuzoita Geological nhoroondo panyika.

zvinodiwa

A muunganidzwa zvinhu unosanganisira stratigraphic scale, rinomiririra Geological mutauro munyika yose. chiperengo ake sezvarayirwa chete Interstate chibvumirano. Professional mutauro ndechimwe zhinji mashandiro wegadziriro. International Geological Congress anotora chikamu mukumisa zvinodiwa izvi. Uyewo pane izvi zvaisanganisira mubatanidzwa geosciences. Kwenguva refu zvivako izvi kuronga mumiririri musangano unokosha, panguva iyo mimwe kuchinja dzinoitwa kuna ILS. Pakupedzisira musangano reInternational Geological Congress, iye ainzi iri Geological nguva akamboona.

kupesana ILS

zvinhu izvi zviri zvisingaitiki paleontological gadziriro kana biostratigraphic hurongwa. zvidzidzo izvi chete kwenguva pfupi pfungwa, kureva, chronostratigraphic. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, hazvina kushandiswa zvakananga kuparadzana uye ukama profiles. Zvidzidzo kuti zvinosanganisira stratigraphic pamwero chaizvoizvo vanomirira vamwe chete nguva zvikamu. Ivowo, vakaisawo namatombo. By kuonekwa pamusoro nzvimbo imwe incision zvikuru unhu pazvinhu miganhu dzavo. Izvi zvakanakisisa kuitwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera. Chiratidzo isochronous kwakanaka kubva mushonga kana omuzvarirwo.

iyezvino chaizvoizvo

The chipo musimboti unoshanda dzakawanda stratigraphic pamwero wakadaro, iyo yaibva pamusoro emunharaunda mapoka. Zvikurukuru, Western European hurongwa. It ine nhoroondo uye Geological hunhu pachavo. Stratigraphic chikero pamwe tiers zvinoratidza dzinongoitika zvokukura dzimwe nzvimbo panyika, uyewo Biota kugara mairi. Izvi hazvisi kuramba pachena - nhoroondo uye Geological musimboti anoshanda kukunda chokwadi. Zvisinei, kushandisa waro zvikuru vanobudirira chete munharaunda ipi kana sedimentary bheseni. Kushandiswa pfungwa iyi iri kukura international stratigraphic pose hazvibviri. Izvi imhaka yokuti nzendo kukura munzvimbo dzakasiyana kazhinji haana kufanana pakureba zvikamu. Kunyange zvakadaro, vari nemasiraidhi akapendwa mune imwe nzira nokuda kwechirwere pose zvinhu.

The huru kuitika

Zvibereko Linear pamwero geologic nguva mumakore rinoitwa kuburikidza muzvizhinji zvakawanda zvinhu. Zvinoda kushandisa zvinhu zvose uye zviitiko kudanana kubva pose uye emunharaunda pachiyero. Tinodawo dzimwe stratigraphic zvinhu.

Zvipingamupinyi okuguma ILS

Interagency Strategic Committee kweRussia nehasha akatsoropodza ichangobva kukura wegadziriro. Chokwadi chokuti mumhuri sangano yakasarudza mune ramangwana kutevera Geological tsika. Russian Committee anoramba kushandiswa inokosha pose ari muchimiro nayo inoshanda nhasi. Izvi nokuda peculiarities aro zvikamu, mazwi uye Nomenclature. Vose zvinhu izvi kubva inoshanda nemaonero, zvinopesana chokwadi, kuti rine mukuru stratigraphic pamwero weRussia. Mukuwedzera, vane kusava pfungwa. Official kuzviitira chikonzero, izvo kunotadzisa pakupera international stratigraphic scale, ndizvo zvinotendwa Vanodzidza zhinji Russian. Vanodavira kuti ILS vanofanira zvichibvira kuratidza Geological nhoroondo panyika. Kudavira uku ngadzirambe dziri runoenzanirana Code. Saka stratigraphic pakafunuka Russia iri yoga hurongwa nhasi.

Mamwe mashoko pamusoro ILS

The International inokosha panotaurwa airatidza raora pamusoro Data chokuita huru zvinoumba hurongwa: nhungamiro, tsanangudzo, pfungwa, Mapato, izvo zvinosanganisira stratigraphic scale, maitirwo ezvinhu uye zvichingodaro. The hurongwa ine kunonyanya neezvitendero dzakabatana dziri wafambidzana mumakore. Vari akatsemura zvakavakirwa kudzidza schematic urongwa pamatombo. The Hurongwa rinobatanidza marudzi maviri akasiyana pachikero: chronostratigraphic uye nguva kuchengeta. Origin vachinzwisisa parizvino sezvo kuyerwa mamiriro schematic urongwa mabwe vane mwero zvikamu zviri kusarudzwa muna stratotypes miganhu. Chechipiri mhando inobva nguva dzakabatana. Somuenzaniso, mumakore, apo mureza wechipiri.

The chikuru mabasa wegadziriro

Chinangwa chokutanga vakadzinganiswa ari stratigraphic scale, ndiko kuziva yomunharaunda nguva ukama. Zvikuru kuti zvose nzvimbo inoongorora ndiyo kugadzwa hama makore ari akaturikidzana. Izvi zvinhu regai kuvimba chero zvirongwa chronostratigraphic vamapoka yose hunhu. Chechipiri, tinofanira kuva mutemo pezvose. Zvakakosha kuumba munhu wakakwana enderana arayira zvimwe chronostratigraphic zvinhu. Vane mazita avo pachavo uye zvinoshandiswa kwematunhu uye pose. Zvinotarisirwa kuti iyi ichava hwaro mureza vakuru. Zvinofanira kuona zera padombo akaturikidzana, uyewo kuvatendera chokuita nhoroondo nyika. It vaiona dzakanakira nzira, umo mureza siyana ichazadza yose kutevedzana pasina chero overlaps uye maburi.

chronostratigraphic kupatsanura

ino ndiyo sangano vezvikwata zviri yokucheka mapuranga. Kwakavakirwa nzira dzakadai zera uye nguva inotungamirwa. Chinangwa chikuru wegadziriro ndiwo sangano mabwe kuti vanoumba goko, mune dzimwe dzakabatana. Ivowo, vane mazita avo, izvo dzinoenderana zvikamu zviri Geological kumwedzi. zvinhu izvi ndiyo hwaro nguva ukama uye kunyoresa gadziriro yacho Geological nhoroondo chacho.

tumisoro

chaikosha unomiririra seti padombo zvose akaturikidzana izvo ikashandiswa pamwe chete pane imwe hwaro. Kunyanya, kukosha inotungamirwa zvavo panguva chete penguva. The Kupesana zvinosanganisira chete matombo, izvo dzakaumbwa imwe nguva munhoroondo nyika. zvinhu izvi havabvumirwi isochronous hukawanika. Dzavo hama kukosha uye mamakisi akaisa kureba nguva kuti dzinoratidza. havadi simba deposits chinoitirwa chronostratigraphic akanyatsorongwa vari chikamu dzakabatana.

Other mazwi

In dzakawanda handbooks rokuti vamapoka zvakasiyana pemisara uye vagari vhoriyamu uchishandisa zvinotevera zvinhu.

Chronostratigraphic kunzwisisa zvinosanganisira zvinotevera mazwi:

1. Danho.
2. Eonothem.
3. System.
4. Series.
5. Erathem.
6. Substage.

Geochronology neShanduro:

1. Century.
2. The.
3. Period.
4. Era.
5. Ichikosha.
6. Podvek.

Mhando adjectives kuratidza nzvimbo chinhu mukati chronostratigraphic:

1. Upper.
2. Lower.
3. Avhareji.
4. Basal.

Mhando adjectives chokuita geochronological tumisoro:

1. Hazvina kudoka.
2. Early.
3. Avhareji.