Dzinza - ndiyo nzira neruzivo genus

Pasina ruzivo kare hapana nzira mune ramangwana. Famous uye zuva nezuva kushandisa izwi rinoshandiswa vemazuva mabhuku - dzinza - muunganidzwa mhuri muti uye nokutsvaga madzitateguru avo. Kutaura zvazviri, zvinhu hazvisi nyore. Dzinza - dzidziso iyi nemitemo yayo uye mirayiro, izvo zvakaoma nokuda munhuwo zvake kuziva.

vamwe mazwi

Dzinza - webetsero nhoroondo kurayirirwa, iyo anokanda - kudzidza matangiro pakuzvarwa uye interconnections pakati pavo. Muunganidzwa wake nhoroondo yemhuri wemadzitateguru - zvakare mumwe mabasa ose dzinza. Rinobva pashoko rechiGiriki genealogia, izvo inoumbwa nemashoko "kuberekwa", "mhando" uye "shoko." Dzinza - harisi chete rakamanikana-richiswedera muti mhuri, asi kuongorora enhoroondo netsika kukura chero boka.

Mabasa uye chidzidzo

Mazita dambudziko sezvo sayenzi - kuongorora nzvimbo uye kukosha ichi kana kuti mhando zviri munhau, tsanangudzo tsika kwezvakatipoteredza mapoka evanhu munhoroondo iyoyo, kuziva zvinoberekeswa pazvinhu mitemo, kusarudza vamwe anthropological, ethnographic uye wevanotungamirira matambudziko. Nyaya sayenzi dzinza - nyaya nomunhu mhuri uye genera (kusanganisira machinda uye boyars).

A Nhoroondo shoma

History hunoshanda dzinza kunotanga Russia muna XI remakore amadzitateguru kwakachengetwa yenhau. Yaiva dzinza ruzivo kunyanya pamusoro mhuri boyars uye varanda, kwezvizvarwa vaya akadzishumira. Sezvo XVI remakore pedigrees utariri anova hurongwa, uye uwandu nevamwe varume chete muzukuru. Gare gare muna pedigrees vakapinda uye wake sezvo venhaka kwokurangana uye pfuma pamusoro hwaro yakaenzana nevana. Peter akasimbisa Geroldmejstersky hofisi, iyo wakaiswa uye akaramba magwaro dzemadzinza kwakabva mhuri kwamachinda. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, Pedigree anowana ukoshi somunhu chokukomborerwa ropafadzo mhando.

Science dzinza XIX-XX emakore

Kana tikafunga nezvenyaya yacho sechinhu kuranga nesayenzi, zvinokosha kuyeuka masayendisiti, izvo zviri inotumidzwa kukura kwayo. Panoperera ari XIX uye mangwanani XX remakore dzinza - imwe rondedzero akapa mabasa Feofana Prokopovicha "Pedigree kupendwa machinda makuru uye tsars yeRussia" (1719), bhuku M. M. Scherbatova, A. E. Knyazeva nevamwe. Sezvo 1797 yave ichibudiswa Armorial General, uye muna 1855 akabudisa ridhindwe muchinda P. V. Dolgorukogo "bhuku Russian dzinza" uye bhuku rakanyorwa AB Lobanov-Rostovsky uye V. V. Rummelya nopindirana ruzivo bhuku rino. Mushure 1917 yechimurenga Russia dzinza inokanganikwa, uye chete mukupera 90s wekupedzisira remakore kufarira Pedigree hunotanga kukura.

DNA dzinza

Molecular genetics, nhasi anonziwo pakutsvakurudza dzinza kwakavakirwa kuongorora zviri maumbirwo DNA, muna Mupfungwa yakazara yave kudzidza uye ongorora simba pamusoro kuunganidza kunotouraya mu DNA kwevanhu. Shoko rokuti "DNA dzinza" akava kwakapararira muna 1992, panguva kushingaira kudzidza samolecular genetics ose mitochondrial DNA. Zvinonzi DNA ichi wabva amai mwana ari kuchinja chimiro, uye kuongorora simba rinomutsa ose kunotouraya Rakabatanidzwa zvaidiwa mamiriro anogona kupa ruzivo pamusoro ukama vose vagere panyika uye vanhuwo kwakabva dzevanhu kwemarudzi. Dzidziso imwe chete "amai Eve" Akagamuchira zvikuru kuteerera mumakore gumi adarika, uye inobva kudzidza nemamiriro mitochondrial DNA Vagari dzakasiyana dzenyika.

Kufarira midzi yavo uye kwakabva ari genus zvagara zvinowanika muchimiro murume nguva dzose. Pane dzimwe nguva, kureva nezvekwakabva genus, Chronicle pazvinhu ake vakatsunga kuti munzanga womunhu uye ndezvake yake imwe boka romuranda. Nhasi, nhamba inowedzera vokuRussia vanofarira kwakatangira yaakaberekerwa uye nyaya madzitateguru. Uye kunyange zvazvo ruzivo urwu haisi kusarudza kuti munhu munharaunda, asi ivo anopa kunzwisisa kwakabva uye uve vazvikudze.