Ruka naTatin: Ndeupi wavo wakarurama?

Vazhinji vedu tinoyeuka mutambo unozivikanwa naM. Gorky, umo maine mauto maviri: Luka naSatani. Mumwe nomumwe wavo anodzivirira pfungwa yake, uye chete vateereri vanogona kusarudza kuti ndeupi wavo akarurama.

Funga nharo yevanyori ava muchidimbu.

Chirongwa uye vanhu vatsva vekutamba Gorky

Mutambo "Pasi" wakanyorwa nemunyori pakutanga kwezana remakore rapfuura. Mukutanga wake wokutanga, wakaitwa muna 1902 muMoscow Art Theatre, wakaita kuti vateereri vateerere.

Hakanga isishamisi, nokuti mudiki wechidiki aikwanisa kugadzira kwete nyaya inogunzva, asiwo mifananidzo yakajeka yevanhu vanyori.

Nyaya yacho yaiva hupenyu hwevarindi veimba yekugara kune varombo, vanhu vasina chavanoita: kwete mari, hapana nzvimbo, hapana hukama hwevanhu kana kunyange chingwa chisina kuchena. Njodzi yavo inosuruvarisa, havaoni zvinoreva kuvapo kwavo, ramangwana ravo chete rufu uye urombo.

Pakati pevarwi maiva nemaitiro maviri-anti-Ruka naSatan, avo vakaunza kune vateereri chinangwa chikuru chechitamba.

Nzvimbo yaRuka

Ruka, mushanyi wekare anenge makore makumi matanhatu, anoonekwa muchitambo kwete pakarepo. Anouya ku doss imba uye anoedza nenzira yake pachake kuti anyaradze vagari vemo.

Anopikira kuti paradhiso inofadza kubva pane chirwere kuna Anna nekuda kwekutambudzwa pasi, mbavha Vaska - mukana wekutanga hupenyu hutsva muSiberia iri kure uye inotonhorera, doro - chipatara umo acharapwa, hufeve - mukana wekuwana rudo rwechokwadi, nezvimwewo.

Vamwe vagari venyika ino vanotanga kutenda mutana akare, asi vamwe vavo vanoramba nyaya dzake, vachifunga (uye vakakodzera kufunga) nhema dzavo.

Philosophy yaRuka

Kutaura zvazviri, Ruka anopa vateereri vake ruzivo rwakanzwisisika ruzivo rwechiKristu rwehupenyu: munhu anofanira kutsungirira zvinhu zvose nokuti ari mutadzi, anotakura kurangwa kwakakodzera panyika, uye shure kwekufa kuchapiwa mubayiro maererano nemabasa ake.

Iyi fungiro, sechinhu chechokwadi, inoruramisa uipi panyika, inoshandura Mwari kuva tenzi ane simba uye anotyisa, anopa mumwe nomumwe maererano nezvakakodzera.

Nokudaro, Ruka anoda kunyengedza vanhu vakasuruvara vakawira mumba, vachifunga kuti unyengeri hwakadaro huchavabatsira kubata nematambudziko ehupenyu. Ruka akagadzirira kubvuma kusaruramisirwa kwevanhu sezvakapiwa, achizviona zvichiguma nekusakwana kwemunhu.

Nzvimbo yaSatan

Satin ndiye chete unhu muimba inosvika inoedza kuchengetedza rukudzo rwake rwevanhu mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka ehurombo hwakanyanya.

Pane imwe nguva akanga ari munhu anokosha zvikuru (kunyange zvazvo akanga ari munhu akaoma uye aribhejera), asi akarasikirwa nehupfumi hwake mushure mekumire nekuda kwekukudzwa kwehanzvadzi yake, akatongerwa kugara mujeri kwemakore mashanu.

Ruka naTinin vakasiyana chaizvo. Ivo vanoremekedzwa kwete zvikuru nezera sekutenda.

Satin munhu wevanhu, mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma iye haana kurasikirwa nekutenda kuvanhu, haadi kudavira kutaura kwakanaka kwaRuka, achitenda kuti munhu wose "mupfuri wekufara kwake."

Satin's philosophy

Iyo nharo pakati peLuka naTinin inotanga nekuti chokwadi ichocho chinotanga kupesana nemashoko ehembere. Kwete, Satin haadi kunyaradzwa, ari kutsvaga basa rinoshanda. Chokwadi chake hachisi uzivi hwechiKristu. Satin iri pedo nechinzvimbo chekusatenda Mwari, tichifunga kuti zvose zviri mumaoko evanhu pachake, uye hazvibvi pane zvakaitwa nehukuru hwemasimba. Satin haatendi mukusafa kwemweya wemunhu, haadi Mwari, anotenda kuti "akanga ari pasi" kwete nokuti akazoitika, asi nekuti akaita zvakanaka uye akatendeseka uye akarangwa zvisina kururama.

"Chokwadi - kune mwari wekusununguka!", Anofadza Satin. Anotsvaka kuvaka sangano revanhu vane rusununguko rwevanhu vakasununguka avo vanogona kurarama maererano nevari ivo pachavo.

Zviratidzo zveSatin naRuka zvinoratidza kuti vanhu ava vaviri vanoratidzira nemuenzaniso wavo zvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana zvakasiyana, maitiro maviri akasiyana ehupenyu uye kunzwisisa kwechinzvimbo chomunhu munyika ino.

Nzvimbo yaLuka inonzwira tsitsi, asi kwete, nzvimbo yaSatan inoshanda, inoshandura, inoshanda. Mumutambo wacho, kukunda chaiyo mumakakatanwa kwakakundwa naSatan, nokuti waiva Ruka uyo akasiya pamba doss.

Nharo pakati paLuka naTatin: maitiro evanhu venguva yakazara

Gorky's play yakakurumbira pakati pevataridzi nokuti munyori ainzwa uye anoratidza mweya wenguva yake mairi.

Society inoda kudai kuchinja. Ruzivo rwaRuka haruna kufanana nevaduku vanoda kuchinja sangano kuburikidza nemitambo mitsva. Vakanga vachipikiswa nechechi chinonyanya kuchengetedza chechizvarwa chakare chaida kuchengetedza nyika nehutano hwevanhu.

Ruka naTatin vanongotaura nezvekugarana kwevanhu. Vakazviratidza pachavo zviviri izvi zvisingaenzaniswi uye mafirosofi ehupenyu.

Nenzira, munyori wemutambo wacho, zvechokwadi, aiva wekupedzisira, akagovera chinzvimbo cheSatan, nokuda kwake uyu hero aifunga zvaaifunga. Muhupenyu hwake hwose Gorky akarwisana nevaya vakaedza kuparidza kushivirira uye zvose-kukanganwirwa, tsika dzake dzaiva kurwisana uye kutenda mune ramangwana rakanaka renyika yake.

Kutaura zvazviri, Gorky pachake aigona kunzi "revolutionary muRussia mabhuku", ayo ari mumabasa ake zvakajeka uye akanyatsojekesa mamiriro ezvinhu ekutarisira hupenyu hutsva nechikamu chevechiri kuyaruka.

Vanhu vaida kurega kurongeka kwemashure, vaida kurega simba revakuru vehurumende, vaidavira kuti ivo pachavo vanogona kuvaka imwe nyika uye yakarurama.

Somugumisiro, chokwadi chaRuka naTatina chakanga chisina kukwana. Kushandurwa kwakaitika munyika, vaBolshevik vakabata simba, iyo, yakafanana neSatan, yakasarudza kurega chitendero senzvimbo isina kunaka yehukama hwevanhu.

Nokudaro gorky yemutambo yakatoita seuporofita. Uye iyi ndiyo nyanzvi yebasa iri reRussia mabhuku.