Rondedzero pamusoro mabasa Pushkin. Musoro mukuru okugadzira zvinhu

Future huru klassiske AS Pushkin akaberekwa musi June 6, 1799. It chete akaita chinhu chiitiko chinokosha, izvo mune ramangwana vachagara kudhinda pamusoro Russian mabhuku ose. Kutanga kunyora rondedzero pamusoro mabasa Pushkin, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nyanduri ramangwana aibva vanokudzwa mhuri varombo, vane midzi ndeyemunguva ushe Ioanna Groznogo naPetro I.-sekuru zvikuru raKe Arap Petra I, Abhuramu Petrovich Hannibal.

Rondedzero pamusoro mabasa Pushkin

Pushkin akaberekwa nguva ainzi Francophile apo zvose revatongi vanhu anotaura French, uye vana Akaedzawo rokutsvaka French Vaperekedzi. Alexander Pushkin akarerwa tsika idzi, uye saka paumbwe imwe wokuFrance zvinobatanidzwa. Zvisinei, chinonyanya kukosha vadzidzisi ake akava mbuya MA Hannibal uye irreplaceable nanny Arina. Munguva kubva 1805 kusvika 1810 makore Pushkin akapedza ose zhizha navo muMoscow mumusha Zakharov.

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Mukomana akakura chipo chaizvo. Nokukurumidza akatanga kuverenga, uye aifarira mabhuku uye uzivi pa 9 nemakore kuverenga raibhurari yose baba vake. sekuru vake, mumwe mudetembi yakakurumbira Pushkin, akasvika muSt Petersburg, akaona nemano muzukuru wake, uye Via AI Turgenev akaita mukomana ari Tsarskoye tiiviste Lyceum. Muna 1811 Pushkin akatanga kudzidza ikoko, uye kwemakore 6 years iye akaumba akasiyana nemamwe enhetembo maitiro. Nokuti nyanduri-makore 16 vanoyemurwa pachake "mutana" Derzhavin. Pushkin dziri mabhuku denderedzwa "Arzamas".

Gare gare muupenyu nebasa Pushkin

Ndapedza chikoro chesekondari, muna 1817 mudetembi akatuma kushanda panguva College of Affairs Foreign. Asi basa iri zvishoma zvinodiwa naye, iye ari kuita upenyu okunyika muSt Petersburg, munhu anodzidza uye chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo voruzhinji inonzi "Green Light". Nyaya Pushkin panguva ino vari kusiyane zvinosanganisira yakawanda rusununguko-rudo nhetembo uye unopinza epigrams. The kupfuura mabasa ake aiva nhetembo "Ruslan uye Lyudmila" (1820).

Masimba takasiya izvi zvose pasina kutarisirwa Pushkin vakatumwa kubva guru, kuCaucasus. Shure akaenda Kishinev, Odessa, vanosangana neshamwari dzake (ramangwana Decembrists). Mumakore aya akanyora mabasa "musungwa Caucasus (1821)," The Tsime Bakhchisarai "(1823)," The Rwiyo Vakachenjera Oleg "uye" The Musungwa ", uye ipapo anoenderera kunyora" Eugene Onegin "enhetembo yokufungidzira.

Rondedzero pamusoro mabasa Pushkin haagoni yamura zvose vapfumi rokusika Biography kuti shasha ichi chikuru, asi chinonyanya kukosha zviitiko achiri unokosha nezvenyu.

Pashure South anobatanidza zvarinotumirwa kuutapwa mumhuri kuchamuka Mikhailovskoye (inonzi nokuda vakapopotedzana Count Mikhail Vorontsov). Baba mudetembi akarayirwa kutarisira mwanakomana wavo, asi ipapo akatevera uye vakapopotedzana baba vake. Panguva ino, Pushkin anonyora anosika nhetembo "vechiGypsy", asi nhetembo "To Gungwa" anopfuurira "Evgeniya Onegina" uye anotanga kuti njodzi "Boris Godunov".

Kumukira Decembrists uye rokusongana Natalie

Rondedzero pamusoro mabasa Pushkin anofanira zvine uye kuti muna December, paiva kwebope ari Decembrists. Pushkin kushamiswa kuti dzakawanda neshamwari dzake vakaurayiwa kana kuSiberia. Chevaux Nicholas I pashure kukurukura hwepedyo mudetembi Pushkin anobvumira kurarama kwaakanga achida, asi zvino mambo pachake akava ake pachake aongororwe.

Muna 1928 iye kudanana Pushkin uye Natalie Goncharova akatanga kutsvaka kwake ruoko. Muna 1830, achiri kuwana kwake kubvumira, asi kuwa probate akaenda Boldin uye iripo ikoko kwemwedzi mitatu nokuda kupatsanura varwere pamusoro korera. Panguva ino yaakanyora rengano uye mabasa "Belkin", "Madhimoni", "Little Nematambudziko", etc.

unosuwisa

mhuri Pushkin akararama asi havaratidzi. Vaiva nevana vana, uye kunyange saka vaifanira kutsigira mudzimai wake uye nehanzvadzi. Zvikwereti vaunganidza nokukurumidza, Pushkin akamanikidzwa aise zvishongo uye imba, pekuhwa- nda hurumende rubatsiro uye nokudaro akasungirirwa pachake mabasa paruvanze.

Muna 1835 iye mubasa bhuku magazini "Contemporary", anoda kurarama munyika, asi mudzimai wake anoramba pairi.

Pushkin Nguva pfupi asati anzwa runyerekupe pamusoro kutsvetera kuna Natalie Georges d'Anthes, uye naizvozvo, kudzivirira rukudzo wake, vaifanira kudana kune duel. Tiine bara yokutanga Pushkin akakuvadzwa. Akafa ari ake St. Petersburg mufurati February 10, 1837. Uye akavigwa Svyatogorsk Monastery (5 km kubva kumusha St. Mikaeri muPskov nharaunda). Saka kutsanya uye ridiculously akagumisa upenyu uye basa Pushkin.