"Red Army bato": tsananguro, nhoroondo uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

"Red Army bato" ndechimwe inozivikanwa zvikuru mapoka yechipiri yezana remakore rechi20 kuruboshwe-bapiro. mabasa aro ndokunyarara neapo pamakakatanwa muna reGermany uye nzanga. Boka kushanda munharaunda iri Federal Republic of Germany uye akava nomukurumbira pamusana ushingiwo mabasa ake akaita muzita pokuchinja uye hondo kuzorwa capitalist hurongwa. Ideas uye mifananidzo RAF (chidimbu ichi zvinowanzooneka kuwanikwa mumutauro wokuRussia manyuko sezvo sangano German rinonzi Red Armee Fraktion) Kakawanda afuridzire vaduku leftists nhasi.

MARARAMIRO OF THE

"Red Army bato" pamutemo akazviratidza muna 1968. Zvisinei, sangano boka yakaitika ipapa. Pashure peHondo Yenyika II, Germany yakakamurwa. Divi rokumadokero maigara American uye British mauto. Munharaunda iyi, capitalist Federal Republic of Germany rakaumbwa. Hurumende yakanga chakakomba pazviri US. In kuma1960 chizvarwa chitsva zvandisingazivi kurangarira kweNazi. Vari munzira yavo kududzira zviitiko yokutanga yezana remakore rechi20, uye nokuda kuti akaumba musiyano pakati vechidiki uye vakawanda vakwegura vanhu. Pakati vakadzidza kuva kuwedzera kukurumbira leftist pfungwa. Zvishoma nezvishoma ndakatanga kukura ruvengo kurutivi hurumende uye United States of America, iyo aiva chinokosha nezvainoita upenyu uye zvematongerwo enyika Germany.

US wokudzora

Pashure US nechisimba Vietnam Kusagutsikana chakawedzera. MuEurope, sefungu Anti-American okutsutsumwa. Mostly ava mudzidzi mienzanisiro. On mundima Federal Republic of Germany pane masangano kurongwa zviri mitsipa uchipikisana hurumende ano. Nokuda kwokudzvinyirira uye udzvanyiriri, masangano aya ose havasi pasi Paramende. In yokutanga yezana 60s mapoka mudzidzi kuronga Misangano mikuru siyana uye kuratidzira, yose ndeyorugare. Future nhengo RAF zvematongerwo kushingaira. Asi kuedza zvose kusika kwakarongerwa mamiriro haapiwi korona kubudirire. The kupikiswa rakakamurwa kuva zviduku vakaparadzana neshamwari kuti Anonyanyowanika mubasa Pfungwa kukakavadzana.

vatori

"Red Army bato" akanga asiri enyika kwakakomba simba kana chivakwa hombe. Her vanoshingaira vechikamu vaiziva mumwe uye vakanga pachivande chaizvo. Over oupenyu yeidzi pakanga pasisina kupfuura vanhu zana kubva pane chombo. Zvisinei, RAF ange achishanda pamwe nevamwe kukuru kuruboshwe-bapiro uye mukomiyunisiti masangano muGermany uye kunze. "Red Army bato" uye "Red Brigades" kazhinji yakarongwa kwemajoini zvakananga chiito uye akabatsira mumwe.

At pamudzi RAF akanga Andreas Baader. Akaberekwa ari mhuri dzekare uye mbuya vakadzidza. Pakarepo mushure chikoro, iye akatora chinoshingaira nevamwe. Vakaedza kuvhura utiziro kuvana pekugara, aiitawo zviitiko siyana uye mienzaniso. Pashure kunyatsoziva Gudrun Ensslin vanotanga kurwa bourgeoisie uye hurumende German. Uyewo sezvo mutungamiri anogona kunzi Ulriku Maynhof. Nyaya yake zvakafanana zvikuru nhoroondo dzeupenyu dzimwe vakakurumbira nhengo RAF. Ulrika mangwanani akasara pasina vabereki. Ndakarerwa nehama. At yunivhesiti akadzidza uzivi uye evanhu. Zvadaro iye aishanda mumabhuku akasiyana-siyana. Kunyange pataidzidza akasangana Spanish yakakura kuruboshwe. Akanyora mabasa akawanda yakakurumbira musayenzi enyika uye uzivi. Pamwe chete Baader uye Ensslin Ulrike munyaya pomoto Supermarket, waiva pokutangira. Imhaka yokuti muzvitoro madota muFrankfurt paiva "Red Army bato".

panova

Pakazosvika 1968, nhengo RAF kare akasika zvimwe nokuwadzana. Pamwe chete nemamwe kuruboshwe-bapiro vanhu, vaiitawo mienzanisiro. Panguva iyoyo takatanga vanokurukura nezvomukana chisimba vaimushora. Saka, kubva vaduku kurota, vechidiki kukava kuzvida magandanga vari kugadzirira chinhu. Akatendeukira pfungwa iri dzematongerwe enyika "Red Army bato" rinogona kunzi muenzaniso muna 1967. On June 2, Federal Republic of Germany rakasvika Shah Irana Mohammed Pahlavi. Zvadaro, zviuru zvevanhu vakabuda vachinyunyuta pamusoro mudzvanyiriri vaMuslim. Vakatsamwa vakatanga nezvavanoda zvikapesana nemapurisa, izvo zvakaita rimwe mapurisa vakapfura panguva mudzidzi Benno Ohnesorg. Ipapo majaya kuipandukira vakaziva kuti hurongwa hazvivatenderi nyore kuparadzira pfungwa dzavo.

mhosva yekutungidza moto

Kwapera gore, nhengo dzakawanda RAF moto guru muzvitoro muguta muFrankfurt. Maererano vaikurudzira chiito ichi chaiva kuyeuchidza European nzanga kuti pane dzimwe nyika apo vanhu vari kutambura nokuda hondo dzakarwiwa pedyo marudzi. Fire kunofananidzirwa napalm, iyo mauto US kwakadonha pamusoro Vietnamese misha, akapisa navo pasi. Vatori All dzimba kusungwa mazuva mashomanana gare gare. Vakatongerwa makore matatu mutongo wake munzvimbo. Zvisinei, mutongo uyu zvakonzera Kusagutsikana kuMadokero German muvanhu. The okutsutsumwa akamanikidza hurumende kusunungura nhengo dzose RAF mari yechibatiso.

Direct chiito

Mazuva mapfumbamwe pashure echipiriso rimwe nhengo kure-kurudyi boka inoita yokuedza pamusoro mudzidzi-mugovanisi Rudi Dutschke. Pashure kuedza ichi RAF vatungamiriri kusarudza itange okunyanyisa chiito. Havasi mudare mundovanda nezviremera. Zvisinei, muna 1970, gore Baader akasungwa. Ulrike Meinhof anosarudza aite rimwe ushingiwo urongwa kusunungurwa bhururu yavo. Kuva anozivikanwa wenhau, iye chaizvoizvo anogogodza pachake mvumo Hurukuro Andreas. Zvinonzi uchakumikidzwa kune Institute wemagariro evanhu. Pamusangano, Ulrike akatora pfuti nako mukaremadza varindi uye vakamhanyira pamwe Baader kure.

Pakarepo zhizha iye anotuma RAF Manifesto mune imwe magazini German. Pachavo nhengo tenda kupukunyuka Andreas kutanga mabasa ayo. Shoko rokuti "mauto tsvuku" bato anotsanangura sei kutaurwa echimurenga mauto yeRussia muna 1918. Nokuti hwaro nzira kundorwisa kuipandukira kutora ruzivo vapanduki Latin vavo dzomumaguta remagandanga.

guerilla hondo

Mumakore okutanga pashure kupukunyuka Baader RAF nhengo vakatanga kugadzirira remagandanga hondo. Ivo Vakarwisa nomuteresi motokari uye kubirwa mabhanga. Uyewo muBerlin, sefungu umbavha magwaro Classified. The Group akagadza anoyevedza chaizvo pachivande network. Kune vatsigiri vakawanda German "Red Army", asi bato raramba kupararira, uye promotional zvokuvakisa. Hurumende vakatanga kwazvo pamusoro yakakura, vachizivisa navo yeUnited aida pasi.

Muna 1972 paiva nemagandanga guru rokutanga. varwi Left-bapiro kufanorongwa dzakatevedzana kubhombiwa mhiri Germany. Midziyo kurwiswa kwave pakagadzwa nedzenyu uye mamwe mamishinari kuUnited States of America. Somugumisiro RAF maitiro 4 vanhu vakaurayiwa uye wandei dhazeni akakuvara.

The kubatwa nevatungamiriri

Muzhizha 1972 nhengo dzose akakurumbira RAF vakasungwa. On sangano "Red Army bato" akanyora nyika wokudhinda. Dzivirirai nevasungwa zvinobva vanozivikanwa magweta. Leftists pasi pose akabata okutsutsumwa. The akakurumbira muzivi wokuFrance Jean Pol Sartr akashanyira Germany uye akasangana vasungwa Baader. The mufananidzo rezvapupu basa vatsigiri vatsva vanonzi "chizvarwa rechipiri RAF". Avaindipa dzakatevedzana paumhondi uye mubatwa-kupinza kuti vawane kubva Hurumende pamusoro German kwebhuku nemagandanga.

Imwe yakakurumbira kazhinji inogona aionekwa kupambwa ndege kambani "Lufthansa" nhengo Popular Front kuti Liberation vokuParestina. Kunyange zvakadaro, vose vatungamiri RAF vakatongerwa upenyu mujeri. Muna 1976-1977, vose vakafa mutorongo pasi kufungira ezvinhu Shtamhaym. Maererano nezviremera, chinokonzera rufu aiva seboka kuzviuraya. Zvisinei, shanduro iyi hazvirevi kushaya kutendeseka, kunyanya kupiwa kwokuomerwa zvirimo uye kunzwisisa kwemagandanga kuzviuraya ndoga.

kuparadzwa

Pakafa Baader, Meinhof uye vamwe RAF, boka revateveri. Nokuti anopfuura makore makumi maviri, vakazviitira vakashinga kurwisa vakuru vakuru uye makambani makuru. Muna 1998, akarega kuvapo "Red Army bato". Kuiparadza kunge akazivisa nhengo vanonzi "rudzi rwechina". Chikonzero vakataura kusabatsira kwohumwe kurwisa, uye kwokudzvinyirira kwomunhu utongi michina yacho mamiriro.

Kunyange zvakadaro, muna svikiro pakati intelligentsia kuruboshwe, pane vatsigiri vakawanda RAF kusvikira nhasi. Mumwoyo vaduku kuipandukira achiri mupenyu, "Red Army bato". Nhoroondo boka iri akaumba hwaro mumafirimu akawanda uye nziyo.