The ano nemamiriro upfumi hwenyika uye zvayo chikuru zvinhu

Kuti zvakarurama kunzwisisa musimboti upfumi hwenyika, zvinokosha kuziva chii sechivako upfumi hwenyika. Rinomiririra kunzwisisa simba mashandiro zvinosanganisira zvimwe makro zvinhu.

upfumi hwenyika mamiriro zvinosanganisira bazi uye muchinjikwa-chikamu shamwari, mabhizimisi, uye kumatunhu zvivako. Unhu chikuru inorwara pagadzirwe uye kudyiwa GDP. Kubva ukama pakati hurongwa izvi uye ndiye upfumi nemamiriro upfumi hwenyika. Akatsiga Kugadzirwa upfumi hwenyika hazvibviri pasina Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kusimudzira hupfumi mamiriro.

The mamiriro yose upfumi hwenyika, uyewo yaro yenyika mhando - pfungwa guru uye hwakasiyana-siyana. Chinosanganisira zvinotevera substructures: sectoral, miganhu, dzokubereka, chadzo uye socio-mune zvoupfumi.

Miganhu mamiriro inoratidza sei kuti kugovera upfumi basa mhiri kunyika nenharaunda.

Kubereka mamiriro rinoumbwa zvikamu zvakadai kuunganidza, kuparadzwa, ekisipoti. It chinoratidza mamiriro National upfumi, sezvo kutsvetera mune nyasha mumwe zvinoriumba anoratidza zvakarurama chinzvimbo zviri upfumi. Somuenzaniso, kana 100% pagadzirwe GDP ndiyo chete rinodyiwa, inoratidza kusagadzikana zvoupfumi mamiriro ezvinhu munyika. The optimum reshiyo yekushandiswa / kuchengetwa / ekisipoti 70% / 25% / 5%. zvikuru izvi kubatsira kukura ekisipoti-imupota noukama uye kuderedza mumagariro kusawirirana.

Functional mamiriro inoratidza pakuenzanisa zvechiuto uye zvavo kugadzirwa, izvo zvinokosha chaizvo kuti socio-upfumi mamiriro ezvinhu munyika. Kubva pane zvakaitika munyika dzakawanda, zvinganzi vakati rokumusoro nhamba muchiuto kugadzira, zvakaipisisa upfumi mamiriro ezvinhu munyika. Pari, uto inogadzirwa mari kungatadzisa kukura munyika dzakawanda. The Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri Kuwanda kudzivirira mari ndiyo 12% kubva GDP. All kumusoro 6%, zvichitungamirira kudzikisirana pamusoro rugare kugadzirwa uye zvoupfumi kudzikira.

mamiriro Socio-zvoupfumi kuratidza ukama pakati mhando socio-zvoupfumi marongerwo. Hukuru mhando kunobva mhando pfuma, dzinosvika mashomanana oga: nemhuri uye munzanga (pasina chaiyo), feudalism (feudal muridzi imomo), madiki chinokosha (bhizimisi duku) uye capitalism (izvo tinoberekwa pamwero mukuru maindasitiri, private guta uye nevhu rakawandisa).

World upfumi bazi maumbirwo anoumbwa munhu muzvizhinji management zviyero, iyo yakaumbwa mumakore weboka basa uye kugadzirwa mamiriro siyana. Macroeconomic kuongorora anosimbisa zvinotevera huru mapoka: maindasitiri, agro-maindasitiri (kana kurima), kuvaka, kugadzira uye asiri kugadzira (mabasa). Uyewo, maindasitiri aya unogona kukamurwa subtypes. Somuenzaniso, indasitiri rakakamurwa mugodhi uye mukugadzira.

Pari, nyika upfumi uye ayo mamiriro ari dzinoratidzwa predominance pakati mugove mabasa. Muna US uye UK, yakasvika 80% muna Japan uye Canada - 70%, kuGermany, Italy, uye France - vanenge 60%. Panguva iyoyowo, akaderedza mugove hwokurima uye indasitiri haasi kupfuura 25-30% kubva GDP. Maitiro aya akatsanangura kukurumidza kukura mune zvesayenzi uye kugadzira mberi, izvo pave nokuumbwa itsva maindasitiri uye basa zvekutepfenyura.

Vaimbove nyika Soviet dziri panenge chete nenhanho kukura. Emari kunyika dzakadai kunoratidzwa refu mugove zvokurima uye maindasitiri uye, naizvozvo, pasi chechetere mabasa.

In kusimukira, kurima mugove akapfuudza mugove indasitiri. reshiyo yavo vanenge 20-35% uye 10-25% azvaitwa.