Propylene glycol - chii? Chemical ehupfumi, kushandiswa

Chimwe chezvinhu chakajairika zvizorwa, zvinonhuhwira uye zvokudya Mazinga, uyewo hwokugadzira bhora chinhu makemikari fuma isiri alcohols. zita rayo - propylene glycol. Chii? Funga ehupfumi, samolecular marongerwo uye kushandisa mukomboni ino munyaya.

Propylene glycol - chii?

Izvi dialcohol vanhu vakatanga kushandisa pavakangopedza vakawana anobatsira uye zvinokosha zvivako chii ane. Externally zvakasiyana zvishoma kubva panyaya iyi kana glycerol, uyewo mvura yakachena. Zvisinei, ayo viscosity iri kupfuura panyaya iyi, asi kudzika kudarika glycerol. Maererano kwayo toxicity zviri zvikuru muduku pedyo muvakidzani ari homologous akatevedzana - ethylene glycol.

Kana ethanediol - simba muchetura, kuti propylene glycol - kwete. Kushandiswa ichi zvinhu pazvikanganiso mumuviri makemikari ayo zvivako. Kana isu muchidimbu kutsanangura pfungwa sectors umo propylene glycol, application chichange kutaurwa akawanda sectors hwenyika.

1. Chemical indasitiri.
2. Ndege uye motokari kuvakwa.
3. Mafuta gasi indasitiri.
4. Kupenda uye varnish indasitiri.
5. Zvizorwa uye perfumery indasitiri.
6. Food Production.
7. Technical munda basa.
8. Medicine.

Zviri pachena kuti tiri kufunga fuma inokosha zvemakemikari mbishi zvinhu uye chinokosha chipfuro kuti kuipa kugadzirwa uye kushanda kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Ndokusaka kugadzirwa chigadzirwa anofanira dzaona mumatani pagore. kunze kwenyika ayo uye kupinzwa pakati penyika mbiri uyewo kuitwa nokushingaira. Chinenge ose munda nezvebasa uye kugadzirwa kunokanganisa kushandisa pfuma akadai propylene glycol. Chii? Chii zvayo nemakemikari chivako, nzira uye zvivako? Tichafara kuongororazve.

The yemaitiro uye Morekuru

Kune dzakasiyana siyana pamusoro zvokuimba nawo ungaratidza kwete chete Qualitative uye quantitative Kuronga Morekuru, asi kuti mabhomba zvisungo mairi, kureva, maumbirwo kwenyaya.

1. Molecular kana empirical. Maererano mutoo uyu anogona kutongwa pamusoro Zvinoumba mukomboni. Propylene glycol achaonekwa sezvo C ₃ H ₈ O _2. Asi zvakadaro chinyorwa haapi mukana kufanotaura ehupfumi ane fuma, nokuti hurongwa mabhomba USINGAZIKAMWI.
2. The yaiitwa yakapfupikiswa STRUCTURAL payakavakirwa. Panyaya iyi, iyo propylene akafanana ine payakavakirwa asi vangava mhando mbiri: 1-2 - propanediol CH ₂ OH-CHOH-CH _3, uye 1,3-propanediol CH ₂ OH-CH ₂ -CH ₂ OH. Nzvimbo dzichipfekeka boka paupenyu reactivity yacho fuma. Pakati pachavo kuti zvivako zviviri - isomers.
   
3. Full STRUCTURAL fomura. Zvinoratidza chisungo chimwe nechimwe panzvimbo morekuru, kusanganisira remubatanidzwa pakati kabhoni uye rehydrogen. The propylene glycol Links zvose chete Sigma-mhando, saka kumiririra zvizere pfungwa maumbirwo haaiti.

Somunhu nyore fuma propylene - imwe mvura iri racemic musanganiswa vaviri Manyiminya isomeric hurongwa. Izvi imhaka kune asymmetric kabhoni atomu mune nengetani. Naizvozvo, rimwe rotates ndege kuti inobudisa chiedza kurudyi uye mumwe kuruboshwe. Zvisinei, nzvimbo yacho fuma rose iri anenge asina maturo.

ehupfumi zvokunyama fuma

In mazwi mumuviri parameters, 100% propylene glycol ane zvinotevera unhu.

1. Hauoneki mvura, mukobvu, viscous, ane utsinye arambe achirema ukoshi.
2. On the mukanwa, sweetish, kwakanaka chaicho.
3. Ndiwo solvent chakanaka vamiririri anenge makirasi ose zvinhu.
4. Sam propylene glycol iri soluble mumvura uye doro uye nezvakaipa - mune benzene uye Eteri.
5. The Kubika pfungwa - 45.5 ⁰ C panguva dzekudya kumanikidzwa. zvazvingava kunowedzera muwanze kuvafurira.
6. It ane mukuru mwero hygroscopicity.
7. It rinoratidza pasi ngura kugona.

zvivako kwakadaro mumuviri uye kuona chikuru minda pokushandisa fuma. Pashure propanediol anogona kuderedza yakasimba svikiro musungo mhepo unyoro uye Ndairudzika, achideredza tembiricha kuti zvinhu, muchiaparadzira akapoteredza akakura. Saka, rinoshandiswa yaigadzira zvokudya.

mushonga ehupfumi

Mukuona reactivity, 1,3-propylene glycol zvakawanda reactive isomer. Uyezve, iye anokwanisa polymerize. Kazhinji, pane zvakawanda zvikuru siyana vanokwanisa kupinda dihydric doro.

1. Esterification. With Organic uye inorganic acids iri vakaita kuumba esters.
2. By maitiro pamwe alkali kunopa glycolates, zvimwechete zvinoitika kudyidzana pamwe alkali simbi.
3. Anokwanisa zvokusava nemvura nokuumbwa aldehydes, allylic alcohols dimetildioksanov nezvimwe zvigadzirwa.
4. Dehydrogenation siyana kutungamirira paumbwe acetol, aldehydes, acids.
5. The oxidation achabatsirwa paumbwe mamorekuru ose acetone, propionaldehyde, lactic acid, formaldehyde nezvimwe yeimwe.

Kushandiswa fuma iri indasitiri ichaongororwa wakachengeteka nokuda zvakatipoteredza. Zvechokwadi, somugumisiro stepwise kuora Morekuru vakaumba chete mvura uye carbon dioxide. Zvichiitika sezvinotevera:

• propylene glycol;
• lactic asidhi;
• PVK (pyruvic acid) ;
• mvura;
• carbon dioxide.

naizvozvo vaiona zvichibvira kushandisa ikoku zvinangwa zvakasiyana, zvose hwokugadzira uye zvokudya uye zvizorwa.

Toxicity kukuvara mumuviri uye

Propylene glycol - chii maererano nezvainoita dzemuviri? zveBhaibheri zvakawanda uye kuedza dzakaratidza kuti yakananga inokanganisa zvipenyu nyama uye nhengo, remubatanidzwa ichi asina. Haakonzeri vasafara uye akatsvuka ganda, asingagari -wedzera ari chiropa uye itsvo, sezvo anoputsa kunyange munzira kwavari.

Kwakaita mbeva uyo ukapedza zuva propylene glycol, akaratidza kuti hazvina kukanganisa utano uye upenyu zvipenyu. Zvisinei, kana refu kushandisa zvigadzirwa uye kugadzirira ane yakawanda nefuma, unogona kutambura itsvo, basa ravo uye kuvimbika kuchaita kudzimika. Asi ichi apere yakawanda chezvematongerwe wakachena 100% propylene glycol, riri Ichokwadi hazviiti.

Naizvozvo, kushandisa doro iri zvizorwa, zvinonhuhwira uye chikafu indasitiri anobvumirwa maererano nemitemo nemirayiro. The chete inokanganisa rinogona vaya vanotambura ganda zvirwere, dermatitis, eczema uye kunzwisisa siyana chisimbwa. Muchiitiko chino, haisi varumbidzwa kushandisa mumakenduru, mafuta okuzora, shampoos nezvimwe zvinogadzirwa kuti ane fuma.

Manufacturing Industry

Chemical ehupfumi kubvumira propylene kuwana propylene oxide kubva pasi zvimwe zvinhu kuti tembiricha (200 ⁰ C) uye kumanikidzwa (1,6 MPa). Panyaya iyi zvigadzirwa inongova pakugadzira matatu:

• propylene glycol;
• glycol;
• tripropylene.

Uchida kugadzira uye nekupatsanurwa nzira chaihwo kugadzirisa mbiru inoshandiswa. The rakapedzwa chigadzirwa ine mukuru kuchena ukoshi (99%), uye saka pakarepo vakagadzirira kushandisa. Food propylene glycol kaviri mamwe kubudiswa, kuchengetwa kwemakore maviri.

Shandisa sezvo antifreeze

Chekutanga vose doro inoshandiswa indasitiri sezvo mutakuri kupisa. Propylene glycol aitwe teploustanovkah ari tembiricha siyana kubva -40 ⁰ C kusvika 108 ⁰ C. Uyezve, ayo pasi ngura kugona kunoita kuramba zvokushandisa. Naizvozvo propanediol rinoshandiswa for:

• kudziyisa;
• kutonhodza pakubhadhara zvose zvivako;
• kufefetedza;
• Kutonhora zvokudya.

Anoshandiswa zvizoro

Mano nefuma kubata uye vasunge mvura, vakaparadzirwa, kuvandudzwa magadzirirwo, kwakanaka mamorekuru itakurwe irimo nayo kushandisa muzvizoro uye perfumery Mazinga. Mukuwedzera, rakadzika reactivity uye kuchengeteka tichitarisa ikoroji, mushonga uyewo kuona pakusarudza chikamu ichi ndiko kusika mumakenduru, shampoos, pastes, nezvizoro nezvimwe zvigadzirwa.

Kune makambani akawanda kuti ape kutenga propylene glycol. Price kunobva wevasungwa zvibereko uye chitsama nomurayiro. It yemakomo kubvira 150 kusvika 170 rubles muzana kilogram.

Kushandiswa yaigadzira zvokudya

In zvokudya indasitiri propylene glycol aizivikanwa E1520. Ndiye nhengo zvinogadzirwa zvakawanda pasty, creamy kusachinja-chinja uye rakasimba confectionery. basa rake - vakapararira, kunyoroveswa, kutonhora, canning.