Zu-23-2: unhu, zvekushandisa description, Photo

Panguva Great Patriotic Hondo 1941-1945, hondo yedu nemamiriro maviri yezvinongoerekana zvaitika: ane zvinenge zvachose kusavapo inorema zvigwagwagwa uye zvivako Anti-ndege. Kwete, airfields dziviriro vakanga, asi kudzivirira hondo mbiru kufora Kazhinji pasina. Somugumisiro - refu, anenge makore matatu pakudzorwa ndege yeNazi mudenga uye hombe nezvinhu zviri midziyo uye manpower.

Ndokusaka makore post-hondo kukudziri- Anti-ndege atirari vakakandwa yakanakisisa zvesayenzi uye michina vashandi of USSR. Mugumisiro basa ravo, kusanganisira, akava Anti-ndege pfuti zu-23-2, yakabuda somugumisiro wacho mazuvaano kungoti ndangariro-23. Zvombo zvarinomirira kwemakore anopfuura 50, uye ayo pakuzadzisa yayo, umo maiva mapatya (pfuti uye chombo) zu-30, rinonyatsotaura kubudirira chaizvo pfungwa.

Sei zvinobva?

Saka, mushure Great Patriotic yose hurongwa zvombo Anti-ndege kwave kuchiita overhaul kwakakwana uye kugadzirisa. Pakarepo, zvakanga zvakabvumiranwa kuti 25 mm pfuti, nokuda kwavo kunyanya uremu, muri yakakodzera kuvinga zvikepe. Kunyatsoshanda uyewo yakakurumbira panguva, 37-mm caliber haana kukwana kuita matambudziko chaiwo "pano".

Asi panguva imwecheteyo, mauto kukurumidza akabvunza maduku-caliber otomatiki kanoni muenzaniso wevaya munguva yehondo akanga yakaiswa pamusoro murwi ndege. Chaizvoizvo, sezvikonzero sezvo nguva uye wakabviswa chombo kunozivikanwa kuti IL-2. Ona kuti pane zviuru zvino zvakawanda antiaircraft zu-23-2 inokwana zviyero uye 20mm analogues vakava haidereri kuzivikanwa kupfuura kanoni kwayo kure "tateguru."

Nechekare muna 1955 chirongwa Anti-ndege 23-mm 2A14 zvaitika wakatangwa. Mainjiniya inopiwa configurations zviviri: kuroorwa uye Dual. Last kamwe aiva yepamusoro kukoshesa, uye nokudaro akanga kugadzirwa dzakasiyana matatu. Miti All akanga chete bhuku shanduro nemotokari, akashongedzerwa aine mwero Anti-ndege kuona Hwange-23.

The Commission akasarudza kuti muenzaniso yakanakisisa zu-14 asangana zvinodiwa muchiuto. Ndizvozvo muna 1959, "boka" mumatanho ose kuidzwa maoko zvabatanidzwa akawanda muchiuto maruwa. Iye chakagamuchirwa kupinda basa 1960, achipa zita zu-23. Mubasa kugadzirwa chirimwa nhamba 535. Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kuti akaramba kubviswa zvose kuzivikanwa pokuperevedza uye "zvirwere pauduku" Zvakatora makore 10, uye ipapo kwakauya chiedza kugadzwa zu-23-2.

Design zvinhu

Automatic ari dzinofambiswa zvichikonzerwa nesimba upfu magasi dzinounzwa. The suwo achikanganisa mhando nokukiya Upfu achishandisa kwayo abutment "outgrowth" iri pakadzika receiver. Kunobudirira pamasikiro hunde mirwi yokurwa anobvumira yokutsiva dzaro kurwisana ezvinhu mumasekonzi 15-20 chete. Uyewo kubudirira chaizvo vaiva Zvifambiso chinjikira uye kutwasuka aiming, vakapakata chitubu cushioning namano.

Mutekenyi inopedza shoma nguva yakarurama nzira kutungamirirwa. Kana kutarira rondedzero zu-23-2, iyo inotungamira pamutemo mugadziri izvi hurongwa, uye ipapo unogona kuwana mashoko kuti akadzidziswa kukarukureta anogona dzika nzira kutungamirirwa masekondi 5-15 chete. Zvino akapa kushandisa zvemaziso nzira kururamiswa! Kuri kuti kurasira Varwi ava upgraded zu-30M pamwe opto-zvemagetsi hurongwa, pakuunganidza uye Tracking yacho chinhu anoteererwa anenge pakarepo.

On divi hunde zvinogona kuchinjwa mumasekonzi matatu chete! The zvombo zvitengeswa - bhandi mhando. Metal tepi rinoshandiswa, mureza kukura - cartridges 50, izvo zvinobva zvarongwa simbi bhokisi, kunoita kuti ukurumidze kubuda recharging maturusi. Mumwe urwisane Ribbon cartridges, uye hunorema anenge 35,5 makirogiramu. Platform chokugadza - bhora, vakapakata jackscrews matatu. Uchibatsirwa wavo, zu-23-2 zvakanaka kupinda mukati vachiridzira chinzvimbo.

Chikuva inopiwa ane Towing lug. Ari stowed nzvimbo marongero pamire pamakuyo maviri GAZ-69. Pane torsion bhaa kuturika, iyo inoshanda kurerutsa mukana wokuti kukuvadzwa zviridzwa panguva chokufambisa pamusoro akaoma. chinokosha ichi, sezvo munzvimbo zvikuru musazonetsanazve zvakawanda kana zvishoma kwomuzvarirwo migwagwa kuramba apo neapo.

Kutungamirirwa, kupfura dzakasiyana siyana zvinangwa

Aiming zu-23-2 rinoitwa tichishandisa kare yambotaurwa Hwange-23 run. The kuitika siyana kuti kubaya inogona wakazopinzwa zvakawanda kusvika 3,000 mamita. Izvi akabata 00 panguva kosi mirayiridzo uye pasi kumhanya chinhu achiteverwa kusvika 300 m / s. Pamberi unobvumidza Kunyatsozadzika chaizvo kuisa yaidiwa pre-emption, ine zvainoita ndingangokuvara kuparadzwa ndege okushambadza kunobatsira.

Kana vachiridzira panguva pasi huru chete inogona Akave nokuvandudza ari chinhambwe kusvikira 2000 mamita. Mune zvimwe zviitiko (experimental kukarukureta) Range inogona tsunga "noruoko", asi izvi kakawanda vanonakidzwa uchishandisa stereodalnomera. zvimwe zvose mashoko pamusoro opareta anopinda ziso. Kunyanya zvinokosha makona chipfuro yayo azimuth. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, zu-23-2 (TTX naye ratinoparidza munyaya ino) zvikuru "rinoda" kuva vakanyatsodzidziswa kukarukureta.

A Zvinoitwa flak ichi ndechokuti renguva sighting hurongwa magadzirirwo Hwange-23 anouya Sight kuti pasi huru T-3. Cherechedza kuti ane yakazvimirira mutsetse nokuona.

Zvakanakira Anti-ndege

Oddly zvakakwana, asi Anti-ndege pfuti zu-23-2 ndiyo akakurumbira kwete "mhepo" tarenda rayo, asi pose kushanda. All Kurwisana yomunzvimbomo achangopfuura makore kwakaratidza kuti bhuku iri rakanakira somunhu chikuru nzira motorized pfuti muromo kuvhunduka sezvo zvimwe yakakodzera havana kungorega havamudi. Chekutanga, ZSU inogona pakarepo muAtlantic kune muAtlantic chinzvimbo. Chechipiri, rinogona kubatsira sezvo anogona pakarepo kuti woutsinye mhando dzose huru yaiva kure ane zvakananga bara (a kiromita).

Kakawanda, kudiwa kushandiswa zu-23-2 kwakadaro kunoitika muna kwemotokari paunowana hondo idzodzo romuvengi, kureva, mukufamba pakaunda-nemagandanga kushandiswa. Haiwa, vava mumakore 20 apfuura vari chaiye "fashoni muitiro".

Other "pfungwa" kuvakwa

Great mukana setup ichi ndicho chokwadi kuti haatarisiri pre-ouinjiniya kudzidzisa nzvimbo. Zvakatikwanira chete zvakawanda kana zvishoma sandara penyika. Pano zvinofanira kufungwa nezvazvo mukana sikuruu jacks, izvo zvinogona kukonzerwa kwakarerekera kunyange 30 madhigirii dzikava dzakanakira ndege. Izvi zvakanga kunyanya zvinokosha Afghanistan uye muBosnia, muChechnya, uko 23-mm Anti-ndege pfuti zu-23-2 rakashandiswa mumakomo.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pane vashandi coherent kugadzwa kungaita kupinda vachiridzira nzvimbo masekondi 15-20 chete. Kubva vachifora muhondo - nokuti 35-40 seconds. In tsika zvave vakaratidza kuti, kana zvakafanira, kuyeuka-23-2 anogona moto parwendo, apo ari stowed chinzvimbo. Chokwadi, yakarurama uye zvakarurama panguva iyoyowo haringanzi kunzi dzinogutsa, asi zvichaita kukodzera kundorwa yokuwedzera.

Oga vanofanira kutaura yakaisvonaka Chimiro kufamba. In sorwonzi rinogona kutora chero hondo motokari, kubva kunyange mune zvakazara weaponized ndangariro gobvu ndiro shoma zvikuru pane imwe pub. Mumigwagwa rwakagadzirira ngoro nokukurumidza inogona kusvika 70 km / h, uye mumigwagwa - 20 km / h. Saka zu-23-2, rondedzero unyanzvi izvo ratinoparidza - isingawanzowanikwi "muchinjikwa-nyika" Anti-ndege pfuti.

A inokosha chaizvo anobatsirwei uyewo kumusoro maintainability. Pakuvaka chete akashandisa nyore uye vakawanda mugiredhi simbi, saka kuti kugadziridza chinogona kurongwa chero zvebhizimisi kuti ane kanenge kupfuura chinyakare zvishandiso uye nezvimwewo.

Zvombo, cartridges inoti

Mureza zvombo zu-23-2 inoumbwa 23-mm zvombo. Projectiles inoshandiswa nezvemarudzi maviri - BZT uye OFZT (BFL). Chokutanga - dzokurwa kuboora incendiary tracer. Iye amakavaitira yose warhead, ane gobvu ndiro 190, pasi chikamu chine mhosva nokuda yokuronda, golovnaya- incendiary akafanana. OFZ, kureva mukuru-putika mhosva ndivo musoro vakawanda 188,5 d Vasati 90s zu-23-2 (hwokugadzira tsanangudzo installation kunoratidzwa munyaya) iri zvinowanzoshandiswa kwakadai zvombo.

Akakonzera kubatana kwe zvose kushandiswa V19UK muchiso (mushanduro adarika - MG-25). Its nevamwe chinhu ndiyo kuvapo dzokuzvikoshesa muurayi, munguva yake rwendo - mumasekonzi 11. Pasinei zvizivikanwe ari projectile, sezvo propellant vakashandisa 77 magiramu kuti upfu mugiredhi 5/7 TSFL. Cherechedza kuti kunyanya nokuda pakasikwa zvombo data, vanoverengeka National kwesayenzi akatanga mubasa pakusikwa pakubhadhara itsva propellants, izvo vaizova chikuru simba zvinodyiwa uye mwero combustion.

Ballistic unhu zvombo

Total katuriji uremu (zvisinei muchiso) 450 Property, chirimwa uye ballistic kuita ndiwo chete. The kwokutanga velocity pakati 980 m / s, kufadza yakakwirira ( "sirin'i") - 1500 m, kufadza akavimbisa Range kuparadzwa - kusvika 2000 mamita Note:. Panguva mhando OFZ anoshongwa anoshandiswa chaizvo kashoma, nekuti vari kurwisa simba ano zvinodiwa hamupinduri.

Zvisinei, yakawanda kutsoropodzwa zu-23-2 (zvachiri, hatina kare akakurukura) chichiwanikwa panguva mbiri Chechen mishandirapamwe: zvikazooneka kuti OFZ anoshongwa vari chaizvo havaratidzi akakodzera kushandiswa mune mumadhorobha runyararo, sezvo vane murombo nemano puncturing.

Kazhinji, tepi chiuno ne ane sanyorwa ushe: mana goko OFZT mumwe BZT. Uye mumwe. MG-25 Blaster, vakanga vakawanda nezvikanganiso, zvino zvakazara chikatsiviwa B-19UK. Zvikonzero ichi vari nyore. Chekutanga, utetsa wayo rizere pamusoro zvineringanidzo zvachose kuti yapfuura womuenzaniso, asi fiyuzi asingadi putitsa pamusoro kubatana nevamwe pamwe madonhwe emvura adonhe. Chechipiri, rine nani zvikuru mwando kudzivirirwa.

rwisana chikumbiro

Kokutanga kushandiswa kukunda zu-23-2 yakaitika munguva Afghan rutsigiro. Ivo, nokuda kwavo shoma guru, compactness, nyore KUTAKURA uye knockdown vakanga yakanaka rokufukidza mapoka maduku flue mojaheds. Chokwadi, chikuru basa iri kuridzwa "Shilka" ...

Heano chete nokugutsikana propelled zvose zvakasimba zvakakwana. Pakutanga masoja "Semi-pevhu" akasimbisa "Zushki" mumuviri nemarori, zvinotevera sezvo chikamu boka yembiru, uye ipapo zu-23-2 mune basa iri akagamuchira wevakadzidza mvumo nezviremera vemauto zvese. Kakawanda vakatanga mukabhururukira marori Ural-375 uye KAMAZ. Zvakanga zvakare kuwanikwa kuti shanu zu-23-2 hurongwa Anti-ndege anogona kudzivirira yakavimbika convoys muchiuto, kunyange hombe vakavandira, chaizvoizvo "anopararira" ichangobva nokukurumidza sezvinobvira.

Chokwadi chokuti BMP-1, ane pfuti, wakange ane kunyora nezvavo angled dzokukwira, ane nzira inobudirira kudzivirira boka mbiru vakavanda pamusoro Mujahideen mumakomo. Kwete pasina kutora chikamu zvombo izvi uye hondo kuti yakatanga dzakawanda Soviet Union pakarepo pashure pokuwa nyika. Uye nhasi, kuti zu-23-2 zvivako Anti ndege, mufananidzo uri munyaya, azere ose "kupisa makwapa" wenyika. Pakati zvichangobva kuitika munokosha nezvenyu usimbe Ukrainian kunetsana umo mativi kushandisa chaizvo "zushki".

Zvino iyi, akabatanidza zu-23-2 raishandiswa chete basa iri pasi kunangwa. Little kudiwa downed ndege pakati ruvengo mapato pokushora akanga asisiri (hakuchina), asi panguva kurwisa akakomberedzwa nemisha ichi chombo vaudzewo kuva chakanakisisa divi.

shanduro dzemazuva ano

Haiwa, kunyange vaizviti kunyatsoshanda mhepo huru yakaderera ose ayo unhu, nekurangarira kuti 0.023 chete. Mukana kudonha kuva ano ndege (pamwe Kusara neherikoputa) iri kunyange yakaderera, uye zvinooneka.

Zvisinei, kuti yakawanda naro ichi haana kurasa kushanda kwayo, sezvo chete vaviri Hits achaunza pasi chero ndege kusvika. Kukurukurwa nzira - kugadzwa otomatiki pfuti scopes uye chipfuro Tracking enyika. Izvi ndizvo zviri parizvino ichitongwa nyanzvi KB Tochmash navo. A. E. Nudelmana. basa ravo akaumba hwaro kuti chidzoke idzva zvivako Anti-ndege zu-23-2. Photos of mhando izvi kusiyanisa nyore, sezvo ivo varipo pokutangira midziyo zvombo Anti-ndege.

Kubatsira upgraded yokutevedzera

Uyewo, upgraded "zushek" vari electromechanical Motors kutungamirirwa mugadziriro, ari Newest zvinotyisa uchipenya kushanda munzvimbo, mumwe Laser rangefinder, izvo zvinoita kuti munhu mita yokuziva kure kunyange murombo maonero ezvinhu. Nokuti mashandiro usiku, ari maitiro mamwe inogona vakagadzirira pamwe ane chafariz imager, izvo piringisha chaizvo chafariz nemwaranzi muvengi michina makiromita akawanda. Tichingotarisa, ichi kunoita kuti gurunurai kunyange ano yetsiva neherikoputa.

Kubva pakuvaka modernized kwepfuti Anti-ndege chakanga chapedzwa chose yechinyakare kuona Hwange-23 kubva kumabasa murwi. Akanga yakatsiviwa opto-yemagetsi module zvimwe nhungamiro uye masimba enyika. Podolsky yokuvaka anoti somugumisiro zvakagadzirwa izvi zvose, ivo ndingangokuvara kurova kuda kamwe kwakawedzera zvakapetwa katatu. Asi chaiye "rova" rava muenzaniso zu-30M, kuvakwa iyo anopa kugadzwa mudziyo mhando MANPADS "Igla", payakaisa rumborera kana mumwe, maererano chokupedzisira mutengi.

Saka zu-23-2, hunhu zvakanga munyaya bepa redu, akapa pave kukura rose-siyana nyore, inoshanda uye chipa pfuti Anti-ndege. Zvaakanga upgraded, "zushka" gore vanopfuura mumwe anogona kushandiswa chinangwa chahwo. Tinewo cherechedza kuti Poland, mu "bins" izvo akasiya zvakawanda flak, nemaune kuita pakuburitswa kwakavakirwa izvi modernized ivhu. Domestic vagadziri vakasuruvariswa kwazvo nokuda pakuti Poles regai kutevedza mutemo.

Tinovimba kuti zu-23-2 uye TTHa ayo isu akatsanangura zvaiva mubereko kwauri. Ichi chombo - muenzaniso sei kuti pakutanga kuisa zvingakwanisa modernizing antiaircraft pfuti akakwana anogona kushandiswa muzana Cold Hondo uye nhasi.