Power Continental goko ndiko ... The chikuru zviri crustal mamiriro

The makondinendi maimbova kuumbwa kuti arrays ose goko paNyika, izvo pakawanda, racho pamusoro mvura pamwero muchimiro Sushi. nemavhinga iyi panyika goko makore anopfuura miriyoni imwe okuberekwa wakatsemuka, haachatauri chikamu kwavo yakaunyana kuoneka muchimiro, iro rinozivikanwa kwatiri zvino.

Nhasi tiri kutarisa yakakura uye zviduku ukobvu pamusoro goko uye peculiarities kwayo mamiriro.

A zvishoma pamusoro redu

Pakutanga paumbwe redu iri kuvhiyiwa akawanda anoputika, kwaiva kugara kwemotokari pamwe comets. Chete pashure kubhomba amira, kuti anopenya penyika nyika ndakadaro.
Kureva, masayendisiti anodavira kuti nyika yedu pakutanga kumiririrwa mugwenga asingabereki isina mvura uye zvinomera. Umo akatora mvura kudaro - yasara munhu chakavanzika. Asi kwete kare hombe pevhu mvura reserves kunge zvakwakafukurwa, zvichida, vava hwaro nyanza dzedu.

Haiwa, vose hypotheses nezvekwakabva redu uye ayo sezvamunoita zvakawanda zvekungofungira kupfuura chokwadi. Zvichipomerwa Wegener pakutanga pasi rinofukidza nhete paiva girenayiti, iro tinoshandurirwa Paleozoic nguva pramaterik Pangea. Muna Mesozoic Era Pangea akatanga ichikamurwa makondinendi aumba zvishoma nezvishoma nechikepe kubva mumwe. Pacific Ocean, maererano Wegener, - vakasara zvikuru nenyanza uye Atlantic uye Indian inokurukurwa sezvo yechipiri.

goko

The Zvinoumba goko paNyika iri anenge akafanana mapuraneti mugadziriro yedu yokutenderera zuva -, etc. Venus, Mars pazvo, hwaro zvose dzomuchadenga zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri vaiva nenhumbi chete .. Uye munguva pfupi yapfuura, masayendisiti anodavira kuti kudhumhana paNyika pamwe vambotaurwa, wainzi Thea vakadudzira kwemapazi maviri kwemiviri yokudenga, uye kubva breakaway zveMagwaro akaumba Moon. Izvi rinotsanangura chokwadi chokuti Moon wacho chicherwa sezvamunoita akafanana Zvinoumba redu. Below isu tsanangura sechivako goko paNyika - mepu zvayo akaturikidzana panyika uye mugungwa.

Kuhukura ndiyo chete 1% chevanhu vakawanda wenyika. Advantageously, inoitwa nesilicon, simbi, aruminiyamu, okisijeni, rehydrogen, magnesium, calcium yavaibvisa uye mumwe 78 okunze. Zvinofungirwa kuti kana tichienzanisa nguo uye chinoumba goko paNyika - the goko chitete uye kusimba, kunyanya ine chiedza zvinhu. Heavy fuma chete, maererano Vanodzidza, pasi nechepakati nyika, uye vakawanda vari kusimbiswa anorema musimboti.

Sechivako goko paNyika uye mepu yacho akaturikidzana vanoonekwa vari nomufananidzo pazasi.

kure negungwa goko

goko The Earth rine 3 akaturikidzana, chimwe nechimwe Rinotaura yapfuura mafungu akaturikidzana. Vazhinji kwayo pamusoro - munhu Continental uye Oceanic mapani. Makondinendi uyewo runopoteredza pasherefu, iyo pashure vachikotama obryvchatogo achipinda Continental Nemikwidza (munzvimbo Continental kumahombekombe).
Continental goko The Earth kuti rakakamurwa akaturikidzana:

1. emadhaka.
2. Granite.
3. Basalt.

The sedimentary sedimentary rukoko zvinenge zvakazara, metamorphic uye igneous matombo. Power Continental goko ndiwo mutsara kubva muzana.

Mhando Continental goko

Sedimentary mabwe aggregates, vari pakati ivhu, carbonate, kuputika matombo nezvimwe zvinhu zvakaoma. mhando iyi precipitate, iyo yakaumbwa somugumisiro avo kana zvimwe dzinongoitika ezvinhu kuti kare aivapo panyika. Inoita vatsvakurudzi kuti vafunga nezvenhoroondo redu.

Granite rukoko chinosanganisira igneous uye metamorphic matombo, yakafanana ehupfumi kuti girenayiti. Izvozvo hazvisi chete girenayiti ndiyo zvakaturikidzaniswa wenyika nechepasi wechipiri, asi pafuma murwiyo zvikuru yakafanana nawo, uye vane simba nehasha zvakafanana. zvazvingava ayo longitudinal chinozunguzirwa rinosvika 5.5-6.5 km / s. Inoitwa girenayiti, schist, gneiss uye t. D.

Basalt rukoko rinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakafanana sezvamunoita kubva basalt. Ndizvo zvimwe gobvu sezvo zvichienzaniswa girenayiti mubhedha. Under basalt viscous rukoko runoyerera jasi nezvishoma. Conventionally, jasi kubva goko anotsaura inonzi Moho, iyo, chokwadi, vakaparadzana akaturikidzana dzakasiyana makemikari anoumba. Dzinoratidzwa unopinza kuwedzera kumhanya zvizivikanwe nemichina nemafungu.
Ndizvo pazera mutete rukoko dzenyika nechepasi ndiko kusimba chipingamupinyi runodziganhura isu kubva jasi dzvuku inopisa. Pakukora nguo ndiyo avhareji 3000? Km. Kutamira pamwe nguo uye tectonic mahwendefa, vari chikamu lithosphere vari goko mugove.

Below isu funga simba Continental goko. Zviri 35? Km.

Power Continental goko

Pakukora ari goko zvichisiyana 30 kusvika 70? Km. Uye kana pasi pamapani zvakaturikidzaniswa ndiyo 30-40 chete km ipapo pasi pegomo mugadziriro 70? Km. Under Himalayas rukoko ukobvu rinosvika 75? Km.

Power Continental goko kubva 5 kusvika 80 uye kubatsirwa zvakananga nezera rayo. Saka, kutonhora platforms yekare (Eastern European, Siberian, West Siberian) vane refu vanokwanisa - 40-45? Km.

Pakazoti mumwe rukoko ane simba yayo uye ukobvu kuti siyana nzvimbo kondinendi anogona siyana.

Power Continental goko ndiko:

1. sedimentary rukoko - 10-15? Km.

2. Granite rukoko - 5-15 km.

3. The basalt rukoko - 10-35? Km.

The tembiricha kuti goko paNyika

Temperature unowedzerawo mukudzokera mairi. Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti makirisito tembiricha kusvika 5000 C, asi nhamba idzi zvimiso, sezvo chimiro uye mamiriro ayo achiri asina pachena kuti masayendisiti. Nengano kudzamisa ari goko, tembiricha ichiwedzerwa 100 mamita ose, asi nhamba yaro zvinosiyana zvichienderana pamusoro Zvinoumba zvinhu uye kudzika. The Oceanic goko ane tembiricha yakakwirira.

Oceanic Wepasi goko

Pakutanga, masayendisiti ari zvekungofungira, Pasi akafuka paiva Oceanic goko, riri siyanei mu ukobvu uye Kuronga Continental rukoko. The Oceanic goko, zvimwe rakabva pamusoro kusiyaniswa jasi layer kureva, murwiyo riri pedyo chaizvo naye. Power Oceanic goko 5 nguva shoma pane simba Continental mhando. Panguva iyoyowo nechivako aro yakadzika uye kudzika nzvimbo mumakungwa uye makungwa kubva umwe hwakasiyana insignificantly.

Akaturikidzana ose Continental goko

Power Oceanic goko vari:

1. paiva yomugungwa mvura, pakukora chiri 4 km.

2. A marongera unzenza sediments. Power ndiyo 0,7? Km.

3. A paiva akapeta basalt uye kremenistymi pamwe carbonate matombo. Average simba - 1,7? Km. Haadi kumira kunze zvikuru uye kunoratidzwa mucherechedzo sedimentary rukoko. musiyano uyu anonzi Sub-Oceanic maumbirwo kwayo.

4. Basalt rukoko haisi dzinoratidzwa Continental goko. Power Oceanic goko riri rukoko urwu 4.2? Km.

Basalt rukoko Oceanic goko mu subduction dzinodengenyeka (mapazi umo imwe rukoko ari cortex absorbs mamwe) inova eclogites. arambe achirema yavo yakakwirira kuti kunyura vanyura goko kuti kudzika 600 km uye ipapo uchaburukira jasi ezasi.

Kwakapiwa kuti zviduku ukobvu pamusoro goko pasi mumakungwa uye pane 5-10 chete? Km kure, masayendisiti refu uchikoshesa pfungwa kutanga drilling panguva kudzika penyanza goko, izvo zvaizoita kuongorora womukati nemamiriro Earth zvizere. Zvisinei, paiva Oceanic goko iri rakasimba kwazvo, uye kudzidza zhinji yakadzika kuita basa iri kunyanya kuoma.

mhedziso

The goko zvimwe ndiyo chete rukoko akadzidza zvakadzama vanhu. Asi chii chiri pasi naye, achiri ainetseka Vanodzidza. Tinogona kutarisira chete kuti rimwe zuva zvisingazivikanwi pakadzika Earth yedu ichava Akaongorora.