Perfective verbs: pfungwa, dzidzo, yakananga majoko

Mumwe akasiyana zvikamu kutaura mutauro wokuRussia ane rechiito. Rinoratidza chiito rechiito, chinhu mamiriro. Mibvunzo yake inokosha: zvokuita? zvokuita? Chikamu ichi Matauriro zhinji morphological vatambi, izvo zvinokanganisa nzvimbo yaro mukutaura uye syntactic basa mutongo. The dingindira nyaya ino, "perfective verbs" Naizvozvo, tisati kutaura nezvavo, zvinokosha kuziva kukosha muchikwata dzavo: mhando. Category mhando - chiri zvivakamutauro chikamu rechiito, zviri tinoberekwa nezvimiro zvayo zvose uye rinoratidza mugumisiro pamusoro nguva. Rechiito "akasarudza" uye "kusarudza 'akafanana zvakunoreva asi anosiyana nemitemo yomutauro. I inosarudza - rechiito kupara. mhando, anotaura kuti chiito chakapedzwa, chokwadi kuti zvapera uye zvishoma. Chinozivikanwa - rechiito kukwana. kutaipa harina mitemo kana kukwana chiito. In mutauro wokuRussia pane mhando mbiri verbs: hwakakwana uye kukwana.

Perfect rechiito

Nechekare chete zita - perfective verbs - anogona kunzwisisa zvatiri kutaura chiito kuti akatanga aita, rakapera kana wapedza. Pane muganhu, muganhu, mugumisiro wacho chiito. Saka, mubvunzo hwakakwana rechiito kwakadaro: zvokuita? Ndakaita (a)? kuitwa? iwe ungaitei?

Somuenzaniso: munguva zvatoitika

"Ndakaverenga bhuku" zvinoreva: verenga yose kusvikira pakuguma;

"Ndakanyora tsamba" kunoreva makagadzirira tsamba;

"Ndakadzidza mutauro" zvinoreva: ndinoziva mutauro;

"Takaimba rwiyo" zvinoreva pakuguma.

Asi chipo: "Ndakanyora tsamba," "Ini kuverenga bhuku," "Ini rwiyo," "Ini ndakadzidza kuti mutauro," zvinoreva kuti chinhu akatora nzvimbo, asi kana chaitwa kusvika pakuguma - harizivikanwi.

Kutukana marudzi akasiyana kunyanya nezvimiro uye nguva tsika. Perfective verbs vane kare uye ramangwana chikuru nguva vertices (vertices), akanyora (nyora), wakapata (Play), verenga (verenga), akadzidza (Yechidzidzo). Kudzidza muna ramangwana nyore zvakafanana kuti chipo kutorarama verbs ari kukwana. mhando: Ndakaverenga, I kutamba.

Kukwana verbs. howa ndiye ano chimiro., proshed. uye ramangwana. nguva yakaoma. Anopa "Tichavaka", "Tichafara kudzidza" ingotaurai chii chiito vachaitwa, asi kwete pamusoro kana zvichapedziswa. Asi mutongo "Tichavaka", "Tichafara kudzidza" anodaro kuti chinhu ichavakwa mugumo usati, chichagamuchirwa kuongororwa uye isu achaziva. Izvi kubatana mhando nedzimwe mhando kwekanguva siyana kunotungamirira zvikanganiso pakushandisa pakutaura, nguva ino panzvimbo ramangwana, remangwana panzvimbo ino.

Saka, pane yakarurama paumbwe nezvichazoitika: Ndichaenda kwamuri, ini ndichaenda, ndichaenda, ndichashanda kutanga - vanhu vanotaura mutauro havaratidzi, kururama kutaura: Ini vachati, Ndichaenda, ndichava kutanga.

Education uye mhando mbiri

The yepakutanga chimiro dzidzo perfective verbs vari kunyanya kukwana verbs. kutaipa pamwe kuwedzera prefixes, suffixes, ivo suffixes kushorwa, rakatumbuka panguva mudzi, kutamira nhamo, kutaura mhando dzakasiyana mumidzi mashoko. Species maviri vari aumba.

1. Verbs vakakwana chimiro inoumbwa nokuwedzera kuti suffix -nu- verbs kukwana chimiro: kusvetuka-kusvetuka-famba kuti uku. verbs izvi batanidza kukosha Kupfupika uye nguva imwe.

Vamwe verbs pamwe suffix suffix -nu- kuwira okupedzisira emakonzonendi: kukanda, kukanda, singi-singi, kugunun'una-zevezeve. Suffix -nu- verbs akakwana chimiro inotaridza Izvi, kushomeka kukwana chiito (Zvibvisike kusvika) rimwe chete vachiita (kusunda, pururudzirai wave) kuti zvikuru kutanga chiito (they gush, ikabuda)

2. pakapfava kupa rechiito kukosha kukwana, pasina kuchinja dzinokosha lexical zvinoreva shoko kunyora, kunyora, nyora kure; kuenda bofu-bofu; graying-richichena; kuvaka, kuvaka; kuita-do; akasimba-kuwana simba.

Asi kazhinji nokunyaradza ipai itsva lexical Shoko rechiito kuita. mhando: verenga - verenga, verenga, verenga vakakwira

Set-pamusoro bhokisi pamwe kukosha kukwana anogona kuunza mumashoko mamwe noruvara, kureva nhamba zvinoitwa panguva. Somuenzaniso, chivakashure po- Vamwe verbs kunounza kukosha shoma chiito munguva Semuenzaniso: nhasi ini kuverenga, vakashanda, akafamba (apo kuverenga zvikanyarara, aishandira imwe nguva uye akamira kushanda, vanofamba refu.)

Chivakashure za-, po- kana pamwe nevamwe verbs vauye shoko ukoshi mavambo mabasa: nziyo-nziyo (akatanga kuimba); ruzha-kuti ruzha (yakatanga kuita ruzha); Fly-bhururuka (akatanga Nhunzi)

Somuenzaniso:

Sango rakarira, akafa neshungu, creaked, Hare akateerera uye ichibuda. (Nekrasov AN)

Eaglets muridzo squeaked plaintively asi. Ipapo gondo pakarepo akadanidzira nenzwi guru, akatambanudzira mapapiro ayo uye nendege zvakaoma kugungwa ... (Leo NdiTolstoy)

3. Dzimwe nguva zvinhu zvipenyu zviri inoumbwa peya anenge achikurudzira zvakasiyana midzi, mashoko: akaisa-akaisa. Rangarirai mashoko uye mubatanidzwa, dzinoshandiswa perfective verbs: pakarepo, tisingatarisiri, pakarepo, kamwe zvakare, rekukwazisa pakarepo, rimwe zuva.

Shanda panze!

Heino imwe mifananidzo chinyorwa. Find rugwaro perfective verbs. Tsanangura kusiyana kukosha kunoita verbs. uye kukwana. marudzi.

kunovhima

gondo Handsome zvishoma nezvishoma anoita denderedzwa pamusoro pegungwa. Flight pamusoro akadzikama kudaro ichiyevedza uye. Pano iye akamira kwechinguva mudenga, sezvinonzi munhu wakabata vakamubata shinda. Chimwe chinhu chakaitika. chikara ichi kuonekwa zvakajeka mvura dzokubudisa. Pakarepo, chegondo uye nokukurumidza akava ibwe anowira pasi.

Uye nemvura unopinza, pamusoro nhunzi, iye akabata pechaabata nomuromo wayo, uye pakarepo vakasimuka. Hove akazunza muswe wayo, kuedza kutiza muromo, asi gondo anochengeta ichidzora zvavo pasina kukanganisa ndege.

Pakupedzisira, akawana nzvimbo kuti kwemasikati kure vorongerwa. Kukosha, ane vanodada ngoro nomoto mumaziso ake, gondo hwakarongwa zvokudya.