Trachea uye principales: mabasa uye zvirwere

Kupa muviri pamwe zvinovaka muviri, tinoda zvokudya. isuwo tinogona kuita pasina mvura, sezvo vanopfuura hafu anoumbwa emura ichi chinokosha. Asi zvimwe zvose zviri mumuviri womunhu inoda okisijeni, iyo yedu kufema hurongwa zvinotora kubva mumhepo. In kuti nokushingaira kubatsira trachea uye principales.

Kana mhepo kuwana kunonetsa, ipapo kuti runodiwa okisijeni nokuda afemeruke, kufema hurongwa , pamwe chete nemwoyo vanotanga kushanda. Asi zvikuru Sezvineiwo, kufema vanhu hurongwa anogona zvinoenderana dzezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu.

Kukosha kufema hurongwa

Basa kufema ino haringanzi dzakanaka. Tingaziva sei kuziva kubvira zvipenyu chidzidzo, kana iwe exhale isu kubvisa carbon dioxide inobvisa CO _2. Kana iwe fema mumapapu kunobva okisijeni, izvo kwavari akatakurirwa kweropa gadziriro munyama zvose zvomukati. Saka, gasi Exchange rinoitwa. Kuva nenguva zororo, isu uchapedza 0.3 litres paminiti reokisijeni, nokudaro wezvamatongerwe zvimwe huwandu CO ₂ uye iduku mumuviri.

Mukurapa, pane izwi anonzi kufema quotient, izvo zvinoreva nhamba chitsama carbon dioxide inobvisa riri mukati muviri mari kupinda trachea uye principales okisijeni. Under kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu, nhamba iri 0,9. Zvinonzi kuramba ichi Chiyero Nde basa kuti anoita kufema womunhu hurongwa.

The nemamiriro kufema hurongwa

Respiratoria Hurongwa chinhu chisinganzwisisiki chine zvinotevera:

• nasal;
• paranasal sinuses;
• dokeriro;
• trachea;
• principales;
• mumapapu.

Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani sei kutanga imwe chirwere kuri muna kufema mugadziriro, zvinokosha kunzwisisa kuti dzimwe yenhengo dzayo dziri akaronga.

Uyewo kudzidza nebasa razvinoshanda mumuviri wedu. Chete Ukanyatsotarisa Kuongorora principales uye trachea, sezvo vari kazhinji havatani Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga.

trachea

The trachea iri zvenguva pakati dokeriro uye principales. Uye trachea, uye principales zvacho zvakafanana marongerwo uye sokunge kumicheto. wokutanga kureba chete ndiye anenge 12-15 masendimita uye dhayamita vanenge 1.5-1.8 cm asi nezera anogona zvishoma achinja. Kusiyana zvemapapu riri unpaired muviri. Uyu zvakanaka kuchinja muviri, saanomirirwa mukomboni pamusoro 8-20 zvindori shwashwa.

Riri pakati rechitanhatu remuromo vertebrae wechishanu thoracal vertebrae. Rezasi Chikamu trachea mapazi kupinda migero huru mbiri, asi tapers zvishoma pamberi kupesana. Izvi bifurcation mumutauro zvokurapa ndiro yayo zita - munhu bifurcation. nzvimbo iyi ine zvizhinji kutsinga dzinouya receptors. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti trachea ane zvishoma flattened chimiro, kana kuti pfungwa kubva mberi zvichidzokera shure. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi,-chikamu muchinjikwa ayo anenge ari mashoma millimeters kupfuura sagittal parameter.

Kuramba pokukurukura trachea (principales uye sezvo vachanzi kurondedzerwa), zvinokosha kuziva kuti pamusoro tracheal chubhu kwachiri pedyo kuti thyroid shwanu, uye kunosvika shure yegurokuro. Lines muviri mucosa, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva kukwanisa kubvisa. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kurapa wakanaka inhalation. Uyewo, zviri mudungwe pamwe tsandanyama-cartilaginous zvinyama, iro rine fibrous marongerwo.

Árbol midziyo

Kubva chinooneka nemaonero, ivo principales dzakafanana muti, sokunge husisina kumira. Kufanana chiedza, zviri aiwanzopiwa wokushanda nhengo, iyo inoumbwa weboka iri trachea kupinda sepombi maviri, izvo mukuru principales.

Mumwe chubhu iri, akavapindurawo, rakakamurwa mapazi madiki kuti aende kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana mumapapu uye mugove. Panyaya iyi, zvakanaka muviri zvishoma rakasiyana kuruboshwe: iduku mukobvu, asi mapfupi uye ane zvakawanda raidudzwa wehunyambiri urongwa. Vakawanda tracheal uye Árbol zvirwere chokuita yemweya kuzvimba.

Urongwa hwose ane Generic zita - the Árbol muti, sechivako iyo, kuwedzera kune mukuru bronchus, rinosanganisira Mapazi:

• zvakarurama;
• segmental;
• subsegmentary;
• bronchioles (lobular, chinouraya uye kufema).

Hunde wemuti uyu inverted pacharo trachea, umo zviviri bronchus huru (kurudyi uye kuruboshwe) abve. Vakaita zvakarurama chubhu zvishoma maduku, uye zvakarurama zvemapapu vatatu, uye vari kuruboshwe - chete zviviri. sepombi ivava akakamurwa zviduku segmental principales, uye pakupedzisira, zvose yaguma bronchioles. dhayamita yavo iduku pane 1 mm. At kumigumo yokupedzisira zvidiki inonzi saka vesicles, inonzi Formação de, apo, chokwadi, pane kupanana carbon dioxide inobvisa kuti oxygen.

Chii kunakidza, trachea, principales, mapapu dzakasiyana mamiriro mhando (kunyange mitumbi miviri yokutanga akafanana). Árbol masvingo iwo maumbirwo shwashwa, izvo kunotadzisa dzavo vaingoerekana marwadzo.

Inside principales vari mudungwe pamwe mucosa pamwe ciliated epithelium. The yose muti Murongerwo iri dzinofambiswa nomukombiyuta Árbol arteries anobva kubva thoracal yeropa, uye ayo dzinomhanyira kuburikidza node nodes uye mapazi tsinga.

Functionality kufema trachea uye principales

Zvaiitwa trachea uye principales harisi chete kuitira zvakakodzera gasi mukutsinhana mumapapu, uye ndiye multilateral. Somuenzaniso, zviri kusanduka chubhu mumuviri anoshanda resonator, sezvo mhepo inopfuura nomunyika pahuro zvinokonzera. Saka trachea rinobatanidzwa paumbwe inzwi. Kana principales, vanokwanisa kuparadza uye neutralize zvimwe zvine chepfu dzinokanganisa muviri yedu.

Uyezve mucous dokeriro, trachea, principales akafukidza ciliated epithelium kuti rine cilia. sangano ravo chinotungamirwa kurutivi huro uye muromo. Aripo mucosal mumasero secrete chinokosha umo kwaaita muviri wokumwe pakarepo unopoteredza uye kuburikidza ciliary kufamba kunoita mhedziso dzaiita zvokutaurwa mhango. Kuwana huru yokumwe muviri reflexively kunokonzera vangakosora.

Asi, vakawanda Sezvineiwo, mhepo nomunyika trachea uye principales, ndiyo huru kuti tembiricha waida uye anova kunyorova. Node nodes ari principales vanobatanidzwa inokosha zvirwere pezvakaitwa mumuviri.

Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga ari kufema ino

Kazhinji tracheal kana Árbol zvirwere kuitika muchimiro kuzvimba mucosa. Vanogona kuitika vari chakasimba uye chisingaperi chimiro. With Panyaya yezvakaita kuzvimba, kunogona:

• catarrhal;
• fibrinous;
• purulent;
• chinonyangadza.

Zvaipesana tracheal basa , uye Árbol sepombi kunoreva kukundwa pamusoro principales kana trachea. Muchiitiko chino, kana tikafunga chokutanga, kuchinja zvikuru principales inonzi makrobronhit uye bronchioles - mikrobronhit kana bronchiolitis. Vamwe rakajairika pathologies zvinosanganisira asima uye tracheitis - kuzvimba trachea.

zvirwere trachea

Kuwanda tracheal stenosis anopinda zvirwere, fistulas uye chafariz pakutsva. Kazhinji, tracheitis, iro rinova, zvingava kune imwe zvokurwara - bronchitis, umo nyaya inozivikanwa se tracheobronchitis. Zvokurwara sokuti hakukuvadzi, asi unogona vakabva kuva dzakakomba matambudziko. Naizvozvo, mabatiro chirwere zviri nani kwete kunonoka.

Tracheitis, muna zvisingawanzoitiki zviitiko, rinowanika sezvo yakazvimirira chirwere (chikuru okuti), kakawanda zviri migumisiro ipi isiri vakarapwa zvirwere kufema ino (kuratidzwa yechipiri). Anogona kuitika chero munhu, pasinei nezera uye vasikana. Kakawanda pasi kutyiswa vari mumapapu, principales, trachea, dokeriro vana nekuti vavo rokuzvidzivirira anyanyopera simba kuti zvakanaka kubata vamwe vanotyisidzirwa.

Kune mhando dzakawanda:

• chenjera;
• refu;
• rwarisa;
• non-rwarisa;
• yakavhenganiswa.

Panyaya iyi, iyo kutapuriranwa hunhu chirwere angava nemavhairasi, fungal kana kwemabhakitiriya.

Zvirwere principales

Kakawanda nyaya ndiko kukundwa ari principales bronchitis, riri unokosha nezvenyu. Zvokurwara iziviswe kuzvimba kufema chubhu masvingo. Zvinokonzera chirwere angava akasiyana zvinhu, izvo zvingasanganisira:

• Kuvapo utachiona kana mavhairasi.
• A nguva refu kuti fodya zvigadzirwa.
• Susceptibility kuti zvinokonzerwa allergens.
• Migumisiro kwemakemikari kana zvine chepfu.

Saka, chirwere angava zvinotevera mhando:

• kwemabhakitiriya;
• nemavhairasi;
• mushonga;
• chakuvhe;
• sema.

Saka zviri zvikuru kuti chiremba pachishandiswa migumisiro zvidzidzo ndokunyatsoona Chirwere pakati principales, trachea. Kungofanana chirwere, bronchitis kunooneka pacharo mune chakasimba uye chirwere siyana.

The chenjera chimiro inoyerera mukuru tembiricha, ichiteverwa anonaya kana akaoma chikosoro. Zvikurukuru, zvakakodzera kurapwa anotora nzvimbo mumazuva mashomanana. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinoda mwedzi inoverengeka. Kazhinji semhosva rikwanise bronchitis kana catarrhal hweHIV. Kazhinji, hazvina kupera chero nemigumisiro.

The chirwere chimiro bronchitis anogona kugara kwemakore akawanda. Panyaya iyi, murwere chikosoro aripo, uye gore negore pane chakasimba, zvisingaperi mwedzi kupfuura mumwe.

Chinhu chikuru - kupa ruremekedzo kune rikwanise pavaipfuura chirwere, saka kuti hazvina akapfuura mune chirwere chimiro. Kwenguva yakareba kunokuvadza chirwere pamusoro muviri kunocherechedzwa uye kunogona zvakaoma, kusingarapiki migumisiro kufema zvose.

mabatiro

Zvichienderana nechirwere (bronchitis, tracheitis), hunhu kwezvirwere kuwanika iri basa ngozi yokuva exacerbation zvakakodzera kurapwa. Kufunga mukana kana tracheal kuzvimba kunogona kukonzera zvakakomba exacerbation pamusoro Árbol sepombi, kana kwete, chiremba anosarudza kureva murwere kuchipatara, kana chinogona kurapwa pamba.

The kurapa zvinosanganisira misoro akagadzirwa nezviyero, izvo kuwedzera mishonga uye unosanganisira nhamba muviri kurapa: noushamwari uye inhalation kuti kwiza uye kurovedza.