Maitiro uye basa re trachea

Iti chechechea chikamu chakakosha zvikuru chemhepo inoenda iyo inobatanidza maruva ebronchi. Iko kuburikidza naye kuti mhepo inopfuura nemapapu pamwe chete nemuwandu hunodiwa weokisijeni. Iti trachea inhengo yechipfuti chinoputika. Kureba kwei tube inosiyana kubva pamasendimita 8 kusvika ku15, zvichienderana nehupenyu hwemuviri. Asi usati watarisa mabasa makuru etrachea, unofanirwa kuzvidzidzira nematomu ayo.

Nzvimbo ye trachea . Ichechea inotanga kubva kumucheka wekricoid anenge ari pamwero wechitanhatu vertebra yechibereki. Chikamu chechitatu chebhu ino iyi iri pamwero wepervical spine, uye yose - munzvimbo inonzi thoracic, apo chetrachea inopera paanomwe wechishanu thoracic vertebra. Munharaunda iyi, trachea inoparadzanisa kuva mabhononi maviri, kuumba foshoro, - ichi ndicho chirevo chekubatanidza, iyo inopindirana nechechi yeaorta.

Kana tikatarisa chikamu chechibereko chechirongwa ichi, ipapo pamberi pacho chiri chikamu chetachiona chetachiona. Munharaunda yose kumashure kwetiracheal tube inobatanidza sophagus. Kune rumwe rutivi rwuno rutsva rwomumuviri, runosanganisira fiber ye vagus nerve, mukati mejugular veins uye carotid arteries.

Trachea: chimiro . Kana tikatarisa chikamu chepakati chetetchea, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti inoumbwa nezvidimbu zvakasiyana - mucosa yakakodzera, submucosa, chikamu chechigamba uye chidimbu chechidimbu. Basa re trachea, seimwe nhengo ipi neipi, inobva pane zvigadziriswa, naizvozvo unofunga kuongorora chikamu chimwe nechimwe.

Mucous membrane - inomiririrwa ne ciliate multilayer epithelium, iyo iri pachitsiko chepasi. Cilia yemasero anomhanyira kumarara. Chimiro che epithelium chinosanganisira masero emadziro, pamwe chete nemakumbo, izvo zvinosunungura chiduku chiduku. Kune masero ekuvhara mukati mukati munobudisa serotonin uye norepinephrine. Icho chikamu chepasi chinokonzera michina yakawanda. Iko kunewo mahara, maeyocyte akaparadzana, ari mudenderedzwa.

The submucosa layer is fibrous, loose connective tissues. Icho chiri munharaunda iyi yakawanda yehutachiona hwemitsipa uye midziyo miduku iyo inokonzerwa nemutemo uye neropa.

Iti cartilage yega inoumbwa ne hyaline isina kukwana cartilages, iyo inotora zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvepakati pechitsiko chetracheal. Pakati pavo pachavo, zviputi zvinosangana ne annular ligaments. Nhamba yekatekete mumunhu inoparadzaniswa kubva pamakore makumi maviri nemasere kusvika makumi maviri. Kurutivi rwemashure kumashure kunoumbwa, iyo inotarisana nesophagus. Nokudaro, chikamu chekudya kwezvokudya hazvipindirani nehutano hwekuita.

Izvo zvinosanganisira chikamu chetrachea chikafu chinopinza chinogadzirisa chibato kubva kunze.

Sezvaunogona kuona, maitiro eti trachea haasi akaoma.

Mabasa emutambo . Basa guru re tracheal tube nderekudzivirira kumapapu. Asi izvi hazvizi mabasa ose e trachea.

Sezvatotaurwa, mucous membrane ye trachea yakafukidzwa ne ciliary (ciliary) epithelium, iyo inofanirwa kuendeswa kumarara uye mumuromo. Mukuwedzera, masero anokwira akavhara mucus. Apo mhepo yekune dzimwe nyika inopinda muchechea yemitumbi miviri yekunze, somuenzaniso, guruva, zvinyorwa zvakaputirwa mumarara uye kufamba kwe cilia kunodzosera kumashure mumarara uye kunopinda muchikamu. Nokudaro, trachea inodzivirira. Mumamiriro emutumbi mukuru wekune dzimwe nyika, kukwezva kunotanga kunotanga, panguva iyo mutchea unonyanya kupenya mu lumen.

Sezvaunoziva, kuchenesa nekudziya kwemweya kunowanikwa mumumvuri wemvura, asi zvishoma izvi basa iri rinoitwa ne trachea. Mukuwedzera, chetrachea isononator panguva yekutaura, sezvainosimudzira mhepo kumabote ezwi.

Kana muchidimburira, unogona kuona kuti, pasinei nekugadziriswa kwakarongeka, chetrachea ine mabasa anokosha anokosha, kunze kwokuti kuve kwemuviri womunhu hakugoneki.