Pasi paPetro 1, hondo yakaumbwa pamusana pekushandira. Nhoroondo yeHondo yeRussia State

Sezvaunoziva, kuchinja kwakawanda kwakaitwa munyika yedu nemukuru mukuru Peter Alekseevich. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanogona kutarisa zvitsva zveTar-reformer kwemaawa, uye vachaona kuti pasi paPeter 1 hondo yakaumbwa pamusoro pekugadzirirwa kwevatorwa.

Petro akaita shanduko yakakomba yehondo yakasimbisa hurumende yeRussia uye yakabatsira kuti nyika yedu nemauto ayo ave nesimba kupfuura hondo yeSweden mutongi Charles Mukuru uyo aigara achitya kuEurope yose panguva iyoyo.

Asi pamusoro pezvose zvakarongeka.

Sei paiva nechido chekuita shanduko dzehondo?

Apo Peter Alekseevich akaiswa korona muumambo pamwe nemukoma wake John Alekseevich, hondo yeRussia ndeiyi:

1. Kubva pamativi ose - streletskie regiments, Cossack maitiro uye dzimwe nyika dzenyika.
2. Pakati pekuumbwa kwenguva pfupi pamusana pekutyisidzira kwemauto - mauto emunharaunda, ayo akaunganidzwa kubva kune varimi uye vanogadzira mashizha nemadzishe makuru ehurumende.

Munguva yekushungurudzika kwezana remakore rechina, nyika yedu yakava nematambudziko akawanda ehondo, semugumisiro, yakanunurwa kubva panguva yezvinetso kwete chete neushingi hwezvikwata zvese, asiwo nechisimba chemauto evanhu.

Pane kuedza kuumba hondo nguva dzose pamberi paPeter Mukuru?

Nezvehondo nguva dzose, umo basa rekushandira raivepo, baba vaPeter, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, vakafungawo. Zvisinei, rufu rwakangoerekana rwusina kumubvumira kuita zvese zvarongwa zvake zvehondo, kunyange zvazvo Tsar akaedza kuisa zvishoma.

Mwanakomana wake wedangwe uye mugari wenhaka akanga achirwara zvikuru, aisagona kutarisira nyika, akafa nguva pfupi mushure mekufa kwababa vake.

Hanzvadzi Peter naJohn - vagari venhaka yechigaro choumambo - mutongi Sophia Alekseevna, uyo akanyatsosarudza simba rehama dzake dzechidiki, akavimba nechepakati. Yakanga iri kuburikidza nedzidziso dzevanhu vakatendeka vaSophia vakagamuchira zvese simba ramambo.

Zvisinei, vapfuri vouta vakakumbira kubva kune dzimwe ropafadzo, uye Sophia haana kumira pavari. Nezvekushumira kwake vatsigiri vake vakatendeka vaifunga zvishoma, saka hondo yeRussia nyika panguva iyoyo yaiva shoma yakaenzaniswa nemauto emamwe maEurope enyika.

Petro akaita sei?

Sezvaunoziva, nzira huru yaPetro Guru yokutonga yaiva yakaoma zvikuru, yakadzivirirwa nehanzvadzi yake, ichida kufa kwake. Somugumisiro, wechidiki tsar akakwanisa kukunda hondo naSophia, achikuvadza zvakashata vatsigiri vake ve streltsy.

Mutongi wechidiki akarota nezvekukunda kwehondo, asi kwaivepiko kuti vatore munyika yakanga isati iine hondo yenguva dzose?

Petro neanogara achiita zvekushingaira kusvika kubhizinesi.

Nokudaro, pasi paPetro 1 hondo yakaumbwa pamusana pemitemo mitsva.

Izvo tsar yakatanga nekuti ma "regiments" ake anonyadzisa "- Preobrazhensky naSemyonovsky - akashandiswa maererano neEuropean pattern. Vakanga vakarayirwa nemamwe madzimambo. Zvinyorwa izvi zvakazviratidzira muchikamu chakanakisisa munguva yehondo yeAzov, saka kare muna 1698 mauto ekare akanga apera zvachose.

Mukudzoka, mambo akarayira kuti awane varume vemauto matsva. Kubvira zvino zvichienda, vagari vemunyika yose vakanyoreswa. Zvakanga zvakafanira kupa imwe nhamba yevarume varume vakasimba mumuviri nekuda kwebasa ravo kune tsar uye Baba.

Mauto kuchinja

Somugumisiro, zvaive zvichikwanisika kuunganidza vanhu vanenge 40 000, avo vakapatsanurwa kuva makumi maviri nemakumi maviri emitambo yevana uye 2 mabhiza ehurumende. Vatungamiriri vakanga vari vatungamiri vekune dzimwe nyika. Kudzidziswa kwemauto kwakaitwa zvakanyanya uye maererano neEuropean pattern.

Petro aida kwazvo kuenda nehondo yake itsva kuhondo. Zvisinei, hondo yake yokutanga yehondo yakaguma mukukundwa kuNarva.

Asi mambo haana kukanda mapfumo pasi. Pasi paPetro 1, hondo yakaumbwa pamusana pekutsvaga, uye izvi zvakava mamiriro ekubudirira kwayo. Muna 1705, mambo akarayira, maererano nezvinofanira kuitwa zvakadaro.

Basa rakadaro raiva rei?

Basa revarwi rakanga rakakura uye rakaremera. Upenyu hwehupenyu hwaive makore 25. Uye nokuda kwesimba rakaratidzwa muhondo, musoja ari nyore aigona kusimudzirwa kuva mukuru. Petro kazhinji aisada vana vane usimbe kubva kumhuri dzakapfuma, saka kana akacherechedza kuti vamwe vakasununguka mutungamiri wechidiki vakasiya mabasa ake mubasa, haana kumurega.

Kunyanya kukosha kwakapiwa kudzidziswa kwemauto evakuru, avo vaifanira kuita basa remauto kwemakore 25. Mukutsinhanisa nekuda kwebasa iri vanokudzwa vakagamuchira kubva kune nyika yenyika migove nevarimi.

Chii chakachinja?

Pasinei nokuti vanhu vanoita zvisina kunaka nebasa rinorema rekushandira, vachiedza nenzira dzose dzingaita kuti dzirege kudzivirirwa (vechidiki vakatumirwa kune mamwe madzimba, kunzi kune dzimwe nzvimbo, nezvimwewo), hondo yaPeter I yakakura. Panguva iyo Mambo Charles Charles akafunga kukunda nyika yedu, Petro akanga atova nemauto makumi maviri nemaviri ehurumende, 2 regiments evarindidzi uye 4 regiments ye grenadiers. Mukuwedzera, pakanga pane mazana matatu emitemo ye dragoon. Yaiva makumi masere zviuru makumi masere akadzidziswa zvakanaka pasi pemurairo wevakuru vane ruzivo.

Hondo yakadaro yakanga iri simba guru, iro rakapa mutongi weRussia nehondo dzake kukunda mune ramangwana rava pedyo.

Migumisiro yekupindurwa kwaPeter

Somugumisiro, kusvika pakufa kwake muna 1725, mambo akaumba hondo yose yehondo, iyo yakanga yakasiyana nesimba rayo uye kubudirira mune zvematongerwe enyika. Zvechokwadi, kusikwa kweuto naPeter Mukuru ndiko kubudirira kukuru kweTsar. Mukuwedzera, iyo tsar yakaumba masangano ehupfumi chaiwo, kupa hondo yake ine mukana wekuvapo, yakasika mitemo yebasa, kuunganidza basa, nezvimwe zvakadaro.

Vamiririri vezvikwata zvose, kusanganisira vafundisi, vaifanira kushanda muhondo iyi (vapristi vaiita basa ravo pakarepo).

Nokudaro, tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti pasi paPetro 1 hondo yakaumbwa pamusana pekushandira vanhu vose. Yaiva yakasimba uye yakasimba yehurumende yehurumende, yakarongedzwa nehutano hwemagariro evanhu hunosimbisa basa rayo guru-kudzivirira nyika kubva kune zvingangoitika kunze panguva iyoyo inonetsa.

Kuona hondo yakadaro, masimba ekuMadokero akangorasikirwa nechido chokurwisana neRussia, iyo yakaita kuti nyika yedu ibudirire kubudirira mumazana emakore akapfuura. Muzhinji, hondo yakasikwa naPeter, mumamiriro ayo ehutatu akavapo kusvikira muna 1917, apo yakaparadzwa pasi pekuparara kwezviitiko zvinozivikanwa zvezviitiko munyika yedu.