Painting "Morning of Strelets Execution". Description kupenda Vasiliya Surikova "Morning pakati Strelets 'Execution'

Painting "Morning of Strelets Execution" bhurasho Vasily Surikov anoisa kugadzirira Fafitera kuti standstill. Chii chiri kuratidzwa pano? Zviri pachena kuti vanhu nhamo: waifarirwa kuchiva regai chikonzero chokusava nechokwadi nazvo. Uyewo pamufananidzo unokwanisa kuona - uye kudzidza - chamber Peter Wokutanga. Russian vateereri rinofanira kunge zvakanakisisa anozivikanwa yechiitiko munyika nhoroondo, kana Royal Moscow echiShinto, vachishandisa hondo changamire kunze akasimuka. Asi chii chakaita kuti amukire ichi? Uye chii Artist achida kutaura mufananidzo wake? Zvechokwadi, pasinei kwetarisiro zita, mufananidzo havagoni kuona mumwe akasungirirwa kana musoro. Ngatiedzei kunzwisisa izvi.

Pamutemo shanduro zviitiko

hanzvadzi Peter Mukuru, Sophia A., wakarodzwa mu ari Novodevichy chechechi, haana kusiya tariro kuti agare pachigaro choushe Russia. Kushandisa kusavapo hanzvadzi yake, iye akati kuti Petro akachinja. Akadana nouta vauye kwaari rubatsiro uye kudzivirira Russia kubva nechisimba infidels (kureva mamaneja European, uyo akakumbira mambo kubva kuGermany uye Netherlands). We akabvuma kudanwa kwake 175 mauto kubva regiments mana. Vakasvika muMoscow aine chikumbiro muna March 1698. Mukutanga April, vakakwanisa dislodge kubva kuMoscow, asi ivo vakadzokera regiments dzavo uye vakapanduka. Chinangwa chake chaiva kuvaka pachigaro choushe Sophia, uye kana iye achiramba umambo - vakatapwa V. V. Golitsyna. The Hurumende akatuma vapanduki zviuru zviviri kurwisa regiments mana emauto uye anokudzwa. Muna June, kumukira akanga woutsinye, uye "chinonyanya egregious vaikurudzira" akasungirirwa. Richirondedzera mangwanani Strelets'execution, Surikov anotora sezvo wayo hwaro mukuru shanduro. Kuti chiito kururamisira, ane kwapera 22 kana June 28, 1698. Zvadaro, maererano yaMakoronike, makumi mashanu nevatanhatu vanhu risungirirwe.

Morning Strelets'execution munhoroondo

Kutaura zvazviri, vakawanda udzvanyiriri rakatanga apo Petro kuRussia (25 August 1698). Mambo akatanga uye akatungamirira apiwa kuongorora. Pari Strelets'execution mangwanani, kuti Kuziviswa aunopiwa akakatyamadza vamiriri panguva iyoyo, zvakaitika musi 10 October. Ipapo akasungirirwa uye musoro nouta zviuru zviviri. Vashanu vavo, mambo pachake musoro. Haana kuuraya munhu, usatarise chero chechikadzi kana zera. Two navarandakadzi Hanzvadzi dzake akarayira muvhu mupenyu. The 500 uta, vakanga muduku, mambo vasunungurwa rufu, asi vanocheka mhino, nzeve, isa chitambi uye akatuma kuutapwa. The udzvanyiriri mberi kusvikira kuchitubu 1699. Nekuviga vaurayiwa mambo, uyo kwainzi kukuchidzira kuEurope tsika, akabvumira chete muna February.

Nhoroondo kunyora kanivhasi

Saka anoda kuudza Fafitera iri mufananidzo "Morning of Strelets Execution", iri State Tretyakov Gallery inoratidzirwa muMoscow? Ichi ndicho chokutanga kanivhasi guru Vasiliya Surikova, raakanga akaisa kuti vateereri. Akashanda pariri kwemakore matatu - kubva 1878 kusvika 1881. Nei womufananidzo rikabuda dingindira nhoroondo Russian? Zvimwe kutaura vari Moscow yekare, apo akazotamira pashure St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. Zvinonzi pakutanga womufananidzo aida ufananidzirepo kanivhasi, uye vashoma risungirirwe. Iye kunyange akavhomora yokunyora nokudhirowa. Asi umwe nemhandara mumba wakati achivaona, vakafenda. Naizvozvo Surikov akapa pfungwa kuvhundutsa yacho Fafitera. Asi zvinosuwisa harityisi mutongo kunoita nesu kugara makakatanwa. Manzwiro ichi chakasimba kupfuura pamberi ne zvikamu. Painting "Morning of Strelets Execution" sezvinoita muteresi Tretyakov. Iye pakarepo akaritenga. Uye gare gare akawedzera muunganidzwa vari vaviri muuki Nhoroondo misoro - "Boyar Morozova" uye "Menshikov mu Berezovo".

sezvamunoita

Izvi kanivhasi guru (379 X 218 masendimita) configured mafuta. Painting "Morning of Strelets Execution" rinotsigirwa murima coloring, izvo mberi kunoratidza njodzi uye vakachengeterwa iyoyo. Artist akarwawo kugamuchira zvinonakidza kuvaka nziyo. Akapfiga kure pakati zvinhu pamusoro Red Square. The kupenda fita zvakanaka Kremlin shongwe pamwe parusvingo, St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo uye nzvimbo kuuraya. Saka, vashoma gumi vatambi pave manzwiro ane guru revanhu, inomiririra vanhu Russian. Zvakakosha kuti mufananidzo wamambo necheseri. Kuti autocrat kuonekwa, yokudhirowa rave vanoratidzwa iye mabhiza. Peter ndiye "munhu duel Kutarira" nemumwe musketeers, uyo akaputsa pasi kurema udzvanyiriri. Mambo anoziva kuti haana kudzora vanozvikudza mweya yavanhu, uye nzvimbo yaro inoramba unquenched.

Colors

Nokuti mufananidzo "Morning pakati Strelets Execution" Surikov akashandisa akapfuma palette. Early kwematsutso mangwanani pashure usiku kuchinaya apo pachivara achiri yakarembera mhute kushumira wachena mamiriro pamusoro anoonekwa zvikuru zvakajeka Shirts chena mhosva streltsi uye makenduru mumaoko avo. Chivara kukwezva pfungwa vaoni, inomira wemiseve red bvudzi. Kunyange zvazvo maoko akamonererwa uye tsoka dzake vakatutirana simbi, zviri pachena kuti mweya wake hauna kuputswa. It chinofananidzira mukuru pena kukwira murazvo mwenje, yaakanga akakudzvinya muruoko rwake. White Shirts uye ndachena background, kuti grisaille kunyevenutsa yakajeka nguvo vagere nguva idzodzo. mudzimai Red kerchief kasikana uye yendarama-jasi Strelets 'ari Fafitera iri zvaitambidzwa rudzi kuchema.

Chirevo

Ari mufananidzo "Morning pakati Strelets nokuurayiwa," yokudhirowa wakavamba imwe code, zvinonzwisisika kuti munhu wose. Chekutanga, nhamba "7". Ndizvo zvakadini vouta anofananidzirwa pamusoro kanivhasi (mumwe wavo akatotora kure kuurayiwa - zvakanga chete hachizi kenduru - chiratidzo mweya wake nokusingaperi). Zvinonzi aonawo zvitsauko nomwe Cathedral of Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Architectural kumashure chipande kunewo chirevo chakavanzarika. Strict Kremlin shongwe unoenderana mufananidzo chevaux Peter Mukuru, nepo inopenya, musoro mavara chechi kufananidzira zvinotarisirwa wokuRussia vanhu Orthodox, mutauri pfungwa dzakanga kuurayiwa, uye uta.