Futurism - chii? Art chimiro uye pfungwa zvekupfakira sangano

Mugumo navapfumbamwe mangwanani maviri remakore uye - chinoshingaira kutsvaka zvitsva siyana ounyanzvi, vakasununguka kubva muenzaniso-kutapurirana hwakadzama chokwadi. kutsvaka ichi uye echimurenga mona mupfungwa vamiririri zhinji ouduku European kwakakonzera chidzoke romubati uye munzanga dzenzvimbo itsva. Aiedza ngano iwe wakasungwa kutendeuka (uye kuva nechokwadi kuti revolutionize) nyika. Mumwe wokutanga zviratidzo akava futurism. Chii Futurism? Panouya futurum - «remangwana".

Muvambi racho vaiona Milanese nyanduri F. Marinetti, chakajeka vamiririri kupenda - U. Boccioni, Balla D., D. Severini. Nhoroondo futurism inotanga muna nemapfumbamwe repfumbamwe gore: Marinetti yakabudiswa mumagazini French "Le Figaro" ari Manifesto wokutanga, umo akadana kurasa zvose akwegura tsika kuti dustbin nhoroondo uye inobva ichangoburwa rwokugadzira zvinhu vaite mufananidzo womunhu ramangwana. Artists nokukurumidza wo rakabudiswa Manifesto yavo. Papera manifestos vaiva vazhinji, uye vari vose vakadanwa kurega kare muzita mberi.

Zvinosuruvarisa futurism haana kungogumira hwemashiripiti: akanga kwazvo politicized, nedzimwe hasha uye radicalism. Izvi zvakaita kuti pfungwa kuparara: dzimwe nhengo sangano kure pachavo kubva nevamwe negore regumi namasere boka vakaumba bato ravo enyika, izvo nokukurumidza akamira pasi pomureza pakati Mussolini.

Futurism iri uri - yakaputsika mutsetse, unopinza kusiyanisa mavara vakaratidza imbalances kukwana hurukuro, kuvapo vavariro omumaguta uye michina. Kana Vanguard vamutangira pakati Impressionists, nechemberi yakamira kutsvaka zvitsva chimiro, chimiro zvino rinosvava kupinda nechekumashure, kuramba chero canons, zvakakosha chete mafungiro the artist. Ndikati kuti akanga anokudzwa kwete chete Futurism, kuti wakadaro Mafungiro kuti okugadzira zvinhu hwokufananidzira dzimwe chains-garde kufamba: cubism, chaihwoihwo, expressionism, surrealism, Dadaism. ari chains-garde uzivi nechinangwa rokusika individualization, kwakaita ayo rekuremekedza munhu, kusanganisira dzakakurumbira tsika. Panguva iyoyowo wakazadza pfungwa dzenzvimbo panguva dzakasiyana kana Futurism, chokwadi, unofadza mhirizhonga, iyo expressionism (. Antifascist Pablo Picasso nevamwe), nekusiyana, kuburikidza zvakabvaruka uye akaputsika mitsetse achitsutsumwa pamusoro nechisimba anenge achivharwa nyika.

MuRussia, Genre izvi zvakanaka abatwa mumunda mabhuku, akunda mwoyo zhinji vadetembi vari Silver Age, wakadenha munhu Chidimbu werudzii nhetembo, pachisara magwaro uye mubatanidzwa zviratidzo, kazhinji kunyimwa chero zvaanoreva. Shongwe chikuru Russian Futurism anonzi Khlebnikov. vavariro zvakakodzera vane Pasternak, Mandelstam, kunyange pashure mumagwaro Nemaeva chipo futurism. Chii Somuenzaniso, "munhu mutema"? Style Zviri pachena kwete chaiwo.

Chimwe chezvinhu kupindirana Futurists akava Mayakovsky. "A Cloud mu Trousers" - Nyanzvi of Genre, zvose nechimiro uye mumweya, uye wake manyorerwo Chopped mudetembi akaramba akatendeka kusvikira kumugumo woupenyu.

Futurists nechido vakagamuchira October Revolution. Asi kunzwa haana mose, sezvo musoro proletarian kufamba vaiva vanhu rakakura tsika mukwende. Zvikurukuru, Lenin, mukutaura kwake nhengo Koshanda panguva Third Congress akasimbisa kwazvo kukosha nhaka tsika uye anotaurwa pamusoro futurism, chii iwe haana kunzwisisa.

Futurism sezvo unyanzvi rwokufamba yakatora chete kuchitsauko emakore. Asi mweya wake hwakaramba. Akabuda ari mashanu pasi pokudzora renyaya uye yakakurumbira kusvikira nhasi mavakirwo umhare yepamusorosoro mararamiro ari chaizvoizvo chete futurism, chete padanho idzva. Ari kunyimwa enyika vavariro uye radicalism zvavo, asi nhaka kubva zvakwakanakira chezvinonhuwira Futurism: a kuongorora ramangwana uye nokutenda mberi, ari mukuru kuchakunda chikonzero pamusoro Rumhangapanga.