Orinoco pasi, South America: unhu, mifananidzo

Kana iwe ukawana chikamu chekumusoro kwekondinendi yeSouth America pamepu, zvino unokwanisa kuona nyika isingawanzozivikanwi yenharaunda yeOorinoco. Miganhu yenzvimbo iyi geographical is Northern Andes uye Guiana Highlands. Kune nyika yakadzika kumucheto kwekondinendi, naizvozvo inoshambidzwa nemvura yeAtlantic Ocean. Zvinonyanya kuchinja mamiriro okunze emunharaunda. Pakati penharaunda yayo yekumaodzanyemba irwo rwizi rumwe chete. Kubva kumaodzanyemba kunzvimbo iyi inopinda kumaodzanyemba kweAmazonian. Nharaunda yakatsanangurwa inoratidzirwa nerutivi rwakakura nekununurwa kwakanyanyisa.

Zvinofanira kutariswa kuti maodzanyemba eOrinok pamapu inokurumidza kwazvo, sezvo ari morphologically zvakanaka anorondedzerwa kunenge kumativi ose, kunze kwerutivi rwekumaodzanyemba.

Relief

Zvinonakidza zvakakwana kuti udzidze zvinhu zvekununurwa kwekondinendi yakadaro seSouth America. Nzvimbo yakadzika yeOininoco inoratidzirwa nemazinga akadai, ayo akabuda kuburikidza ne delamination yemvura, iyo yakambovapo kare kusati kwaitika. Pedyo nerwizi Orinoco inzvimbo yakadzika kwazvo, iyo yehupamhi hwayo haipfuuri chiratidzo chemamita 100. Chikamu ichocho chemaodzanyemba chinopinda kuAlantic Ocean chinomiririrwa nedune dune. Nharaunda iyi yose yakafukidzwa nejecha, iyo inogara ichitungamirirwa nemhepo.

Nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzakakwirira dzepahombekombe, pedyo nemakomo, dzinonzi piemonte (piedmont), iyo inoreva kuti "rutsoka rwegomo". Mune dzimwe nzvimbo vanoyambuka neSierra. Vane chokwadi che crystalline matombo emakomo.

Mukuwedzera, munzvimbo dzose dzakadzika dzakapararira mashoma, izvo zvinokwira kusvika pakakwirira mamamita mazana matatu nemazana matatu nemakumi matatu nemasere. Orinoco igovera iyo pamusoro apa yakatsanangurwa zvirongwa nemipata yayo. Muganhu wekumaodzanyemba wenharaunda yacho unongopfuura nomumupata wekumabvazuva kweGuavaire.

Mamiriro ekunze

Nzvimbo yakadzika yeOrinok iri muchikwata chinonzi subequatorial belt. Kune iyi nzvimbo, imwe nguva yehuwandu yemvura yakasviba inhu. Vanonzwisisa mamiriro okunze. Semuenzaniso, kumativi ekuchamhembe kunowanikwa pasi pekusanaya kwemvura, nguva yekunaya inowira muzhizha uye inoguma kwemwedzi mitatu chete. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa zvakajeka: kumhepo yekuchamhembe-kumabvazuva mhepo inotengeserana inopinda munzvimbo ino kare kare kupfuura iri kumaodzanyemba. Nharaunda yekupedzisira inotora kuwanda kukuru kwemvura - mvura inopera anenge mwedzi mipfumbamwe (April-Oktober). Kuti uwane kukwanisa kuongorora musiyano, iwe unogona kutarisa zviyero zvepamutemo. Ivhareji yemvura gore negore munzvimbo idzi mbiri yakasiyana zvikuru: kumusoro - 800 mm, kumaodzanyemba - 1000 mm. Kazhinji vanowira kunze kwechimiro chemvura inonaya.

Munguva yekusanaya kwemhepo, kutonhora kwemahepo hakusi pasi pasi + 20 ° C, muvhareji ndewe +25 ° C. Kunaya kunowanzove kusina zvachose. Vagari vomunharaunda vanofunga nguva ino kuva yechando, kunyange zvazvo nyeredzi ino iri zhizha. Mwedzi inotonhora inotanga uye kuguma kwemvura. MunaApril naOctober, kupisa kwemahepo kunogona kusvika + 29 ° C.

Mineral resources

Nzvimbo yakadzika yeOrinok inowedzera mune mafuta inowedzera. Izvo zvinokosha zvikuru kuhurumende. Pedyo neGuana Upland yakawana mari yekuisa dare. Nzvimbo idzi dzave dzakagadzirwa zvakanaka uye migodhi yemaminerari inoitwa nguva dzose.

Matambudziko enyika

Pamusana pekuzivikanwa kwenharaunda iyo maodzanyemba Orinok aripo, mafashamo enyika inowanzoonekwa. Izvi zvinoitika munguva yemvura. Pamusana pemvura inonaya mvura iyo munharaunda dzomunharaunda inowedzera zvikuru, ichiumba makiromita asingagoneki munharaunda. Zvisinei, pane zvinyorwa zvishoma mune izvi. Panguva ino, nzizi dzikava huru, iyo inovandudza zvikuru mamiriro ekufamba. Asi nokuda kwenharaunda iyi, kufamba nemirwizi ndiyo chete inotakura shoko. Apo nguva yakaoma inopinda, nzvimbo dzakasviba dzinoramba dziri munzvimbo idzi. Uye dzimwe nguva unyoro hunoputika kubva mumadzimba zvokuti mvura zhinji inosviba. Izvi zvinotonyanya kusakanganisika. Dambudziko guru reharaunda ino inopisa marariya. Gore rimwe chete kubva kune chirwere ichi pasi pose, vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni maviri vanofa.

Flora

Nharaunda yeOininoco (pamepu yeSouth America, miganhu yayo inonyatsooneka) yakafuma mumarudzi akawanda ehupenyu. Munharaunda iyi, unogona kuwana marudzi akawanda emichindwe. Ivhu rakanyorova rakanyatsokodzera. Kana iwe ukatarisa nharaunda iri kumativi ekumaodzanyemba, zvino nzvimbo ino yakafukidzwa neminda yakaoma-mavara emasango emichindwe.

Vanhu vomunharaunda vanokura pamba, chibage uye cassava. Zvisinei, kune nyika shoma yakakosha yekurima. Vanounganidzawo mabhanana, asi ivhu rezvirimwa zvishoma.

Fauna

Nharaunda yeOrinok, nhamo, haifadze nyika dzakakodzera kudyara mhuka. Ndicho chikonzero kubereka zvipfuwo zvisingatauri pano.

Mune nzvimbo dzakasviba, pane tapirs, vabiki. Kubva kune zvisikwa zvipenyu kune majagu uye mapumasi. Uyewo kune vanomiririra vakasiyana-siyana vemakwenzi. Munharaunda yemunharaunda, kune marudzi mazhinji ezvipembenene zvinokonzera hupenyu hwehupenyu. Ndivo utsi, nguva. Zvombo zvehondo uye zvinyorwa zvinowanika munzvimbo dzisina nzvimbo.