Optical mananara: mienzaniso. Light, mirage, kuchamhembe zviedza, muraraungu

Murume - tenzi kuvaka nhare mujecha. Zvisinei, tsika zvinoratidza kuti kuna Amai Nature kure. Nyanzvi Mwari aigona yakadaro nounyengeri takasvinura rinobvisa mweya yenyu kure! Asi pasinei magic akazviratidza Manyiminya mananara, mienzaniso izvo tichakurukura, havasi munhu phantasmagoria, somugumisiro aibuda mumuviri kwendangariro. chadenga inhomogeneous chiedza mwaranzi The Dzenyika hwakakungwa, kukonzera hondo neunyengedzi. Asi iwe unogona kufungidzira nyika isina nehope? Aizova saka pfumbu ...

Light uye ruvara

Achitaura Manyiminya mananara, chiedza uye nezvimiro iyo rinoti chizvarwa vanhu simbisa kuti mavara kuonekwa mumhepo nokuti kuti chiedza chena panguva kudyidzana pamwe zvokuvakisa mumhepo yakakamurwa iri mu zvinoriumba (chakarondedzera). Izvi zvakaitwa rinoitwa nomumwe zvitatu zvinokosha siyana: kufungisisa, refraction (refraction) uye diffraction.

Kana tiri kutaura pamusoro chakarondedzera, funga nezvokuti sei kudzidzisa mwana wako kuti vayeuke mubatanidzwa ruvara evapambi, zvichiguma kupfuura chiedza danda kuburikidza refractive svikiro. Inobatsira nyore okuti: "Munhu wose (tsvuku) Hunter (Orange) anoda (tsvuku) kuziva (green), apo (zvitema) anogara (zvitema) Pasika (dzepepuru)".

Kuratidzwa chiedza ndicho panowanikwa yechipiri mafungu pakuwanza kubva kumuganhu nhau mbiri kunyika wokutanga svikiro. Refraction - refraction yemwaranzi pamuganhu pakati nhau mbiri. Diffraction - kuti flex chiedza fluxes nezvishoma, emura mumate, uyewo nezvimwe chipo mumhepo. Zvose izvi uye pane chikonzero akabudirira Yose "zvingori mumaziso kuti maonero." Mienzaniso zvakawanzwa; kubva rebhuruu, mirages uye miraraungu kuti suns dzenhema uye kwezuva nematanda.

zvemukati chadzera

Optical mananara mu wefizikisi - imwe chikamu chinokosha, akakodzera kudzidza zvakadzama. Saka kuti acharamba. Kufungisisa kunoitika apo chiedza mwaranzi kudonha kwakanaka nomumativi kudzoka panguva necheparutivi ari kuuya. Fani iyi inotsanangura yakatangira mavara: chena, vamwe zviri nyore kunyura uye akaratidza kupfuura vamwe. Somuenzaniso, chinhu inooneka kuva munyoro ruvara anozviratidza kune avo nokuti absorbs zvose chiedza zvinozunguzirwa urefu chena, kunze zvakasvibirira, izvo zvinoratidzwa.

Mumwe chimiro - womukati yokufungisisa - kazhinji aripo mukutsanangura Manyiminya mananara. Chiedza anopinda segirazi nomuviri (zvinhu), zvakadai semvura donhwe, uye kuburikidza rokunze penyika yomukati kare inopenya. Zvadaro, kechipiri - mashoko. Ruvara muraraungu kunogona pamwe kutsanangurwa nemashoko yomunyika Kufungisisa.

Rainbow-chinhu chakakombama

Rainbow - chinhu Manyiminya chakajairika kuti kunoitika apo chiedza chezuva uye mvura ikashandiswa mune imwe nzira. Mwaranzi yezuva inopenya rwakakamukana kupinda mavara kuti tinoona muraraungu, vakati vapinda madonhwe emvura adonhe. Izvi zvinoitika kana danda riri chiitiko munzira kuenda pasi "madonhwe emvura adonhe" pane imwe yorusvingo, mavara vanoparadzaniswa (chena chiedza kuva chakarondedzera), uye tinoona rakajeka, mutambo muraraungu, akafanana hofori Semi-tenderera zambuko.

Zvinoita sokuti kusiyana curved zvisungo ichimuremera zvakananga panhongonya. Emitting mabviro kucharamba shure kwedu: kuona pakarepo zvakajeka zuva uye kunaka muraraungu, handigoni (kunze kana kushandiswa chinangwa ichi, mugirazi). Chiitiko haasi mutorwa kuna Moon. Kana chivara moonlit usiku, unogona kuona muraraungu "dzinoshandisa" uye pedyo Selena.

Kana paine anenge havagoni kuona chinhu, ishande zvikuru kubatwa chiedza photoreceptors yevanhu ziso - "tsotso". Ivo vanogona kuti neemaradhi-nyoro chikamu chakarondedzera, mamwe mavara "havaoni." Somugumisiro, mumwe muraraungu whitish. Kana chiedza kunosimudzirwa, kubata "pasikweya", kuburikidza izvi tsinga harinzwi chinhu chakakombama anotarira zvakawanda zvinonakidza.

mirage the

Pasi tiri kuona chete chikamu chikuru muraraungu denderedzwa. Chiedza kuwana rimwe kufungisisa. Mumakomo unogona kuona imwe tenderera muraraungu. Maiziva here kuti "runako," ndizvo vaviri kana vatatu? Rainbow, akapfura pamusoro muraraungu, zvishoma inopenya uye "inverted" (nokuti ndiko kuratidzwa rokutanga). kana wechitatu, apo mhepo rakanyatsojekesa uye yakajeka (semuenzaniso, makomo). Zvikuru nokuti dzose hauzozvikanganwi.

Mirage - Optical chakajairika kuti haagoni kunzi munhuwo. MuRussia, zviri dererei. Pose uchitaura vaiita shoko, tinoyeuchidzwa mashoko ngano yokufa chikepe "The Flying Dutchman". Maererano nengano, mukuru mhosva aizoita kurima nyanza kusvikira kuuya yechipiri.

Uye pano mumwe, kuti "Dutchman". Flying akava ngarawa "zvingakusembura", anyudzwe December 1941 nemhenderekedzo kuCeylon. It akaona "pedyo chaizvo," vashandi kuBritain "mutengesi" ngarava, iri nzvimbo Maldives. Kutaura zvazviri, zvikepe vakatsaurwa 900 makiromita!

Fata Morgana

"The Flying Dutchman" uye vamwe - Manyiminya mananara, mienzaniso Boka chinoshamisa mirages "Fata Morgana" (mazita British paakaita heroine). Kujairika Manyiminya Fani kunosanganisira dzakawanda. Mudenga vakaumba kunzwisisa, kukurumidza kuchinja mufananidzo. Kutarisa mhando kuti vari kure mhiri mujengachenga, zvinoita sokuti, unogona kuenda anopenga, saka vari "zvaioneka".

Miracles anokonzerwa ratinoona ezvinhu anogona kuvhiringidza munhu. Kunyanya akadai nezve "mvura rukoko" mugwenga kana rinopisa mugwagwa anokonzerwa refraction yemwaranzi. vana kwete chete, asi vakuru havagoni kunzvenga kunzwa kuti mhuka, matsime, miti, nezvivakwa zvechokwadi. Asi, nhamo!

Chiedza inopfuura nomunyika akaturikidzana vanoiswa neshungu mhepo, ndinosika pamusoro 3D chifananidzo mhando. Mirazhi vari repasi (kure ndege pemvura anotora chimiro mvura akazaruka), divi (pedyo kuitika zvakasimba nenharo wehunyambiri pamusoro), Chrono (bereka kare zviitiko).

chokuchamhembe

Kufungisisa ndezvipi Manyiminya mananara, hazvibviri varege kutaura pamusoro kuchamhembe (polar) Kupenya. Rine huru mbiri siyana: yakanaka ikapenya RIBBONS uye makwapa akasvibirika kuti akafanana makore. The zvikuru kupenya, somunhu mutemo, "tepi". Zvinoitika kuti luminous ruvara zvisungo tisisipo, uye kwete ipazwe vomumatunhu.

Murima chidzitiro nzvimbo yokudenga, sezvinoita mutemo, izvozvo runosvika nenzira kubva kumabvazuva kusvikira kumavirira. "Flex" anogona kusvika zviuru zvakawanda makiromita paupamhi uye akawanda zana - kumusoro. Hazvina zvakasimba, asi nhete "chinodzivirira", kuburikidza icho nyeredzi kuvaima. Very yakanaka kuona.

Rezasi pamucheto "backstage" pakati marozari, ane yakatsvukuruka kana vaaleanpunainen Hue, sezvinonzi pamusoro yakanyauka murima, saka zvakanaka ndakanzwa inexpressible kudzama nzvimbo. We kurukura mhando ina auroras.

The homogeneous mamiriro

Good, nyore chimiro chenyu chinopenya nechepasi uye urwa pamusoro, akadana homogeneous chinhu chakakombama; kushingaira, mobile, pamwe pleats akanaka uye nehova - wakaisvonaka chinhu chakakombama. Kupenya pazvirugu, pindana (makuru diki), anonzi "wakaisvonaka bhendi."

Zvino mhando wechina - kana nzvimbo yacho muzvirugu uye zvishwe anova guru kwazvo. Mushure kuvhara tepi basa Chinobudirira yunifomu marongerwo. Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti homogeneity - inokosha pfuma "Changamire Rake." Nhindi muka chete panguva amplification mumhepo basa.

Pane dzimwe Manyiminya mananara. Mienzaniso kwete tunodzivisa pasi apa. Vakanyorerana kakawanda - mwenje, aunopiwa yose polar chivharo ndiyo whitish-girini Naiwo mufaro. Zvinonzi musi zasi uye rwokumusoro matanda Nyika, Iceland, Norway uye t. D. Chiitiko zvauya kubva anobuda magnetized yokumusoro akaturikidzana zvomumhepo neVadzidzi mhepo rezuva mhosva nezvimedu (anonzi saka yeplasma water drainage nzvimbo kupinda inosvika nehelium uye rehydrogen).

Pro chiedza shongwe vanogona kutaura zvinotevera: dzinowanzoitwa mumazuva inotonhora, inoshanda chaizvo.

Elm St. korona rwegirini mwaranzi uye denderedzwa rechiedza

Pane dzimwe Manyiminya mananara. Somuenzaniso, denderedzwa rechiedza, panowanikwa iyo chokuita chando crystals akaumba mumhepo. Kubva muraraungu kunobatanidza vakapararira (pakuwedzera chiedza zvinoriumba), kwete chete ane kusiyira, uye yakasimba maumbirwo chando.

Rainbow somunhu mumwe, nekuti madonhwe ndiwo chete, ivo chete anogona kuti kuwa. Galo ane mazana rudzi, sezvo crystals akasiyana uye chaizvo "nimble": iri kuyengerera, ipapo rakatenderedzwa, ipapo mumhanye paNyika.

Kurota zvakare "kunyengerwa", unogona kuyeva kwokunyepedzera zuva (zuva imbwa) kana St. Elmo nomoto. Wokupedzisira "Kugara" pamusoro masts ngarava, unopinza misoro pamatunhu zvivako. Zvitendwa hazvinei nechokuita nazvo. Izvi zvemagetsi kukangamwirwa mumhepo. Kazhinji kunoitika pamadutu kana ari sandstorm (kana nezvimedu vari yakafadza).

Photographers vanoda kubata "munyoro nokupenya" (anopenya pamusoro zuva uye refraction yemwaranzi pedyo). Zvakanakisisa andobata mu akazaruka dzezvimwe, mune risina makore ekunze. Asi korona (diffraction chiedza) zviri pachena zvinoonekwa apo nzvimbo bvungapfunga makore (inopenya zvindori kunhivi headlights mumota yako - ichi ndiyo korona), uye denga chidzitiro makore. Mune mhute mumate yakanaka yeChina vari kunyanya akanaka. Kana bvungapfunga richikora - vakawaridza. Naizvozvo, kuderedza muraraungu zvindori anoonekwa somureza mamiriro okunze akaipa. Chokwadi nyika hombe - Manyiminya mananara! Mienzaniso dzatakurukura vakaongorora - chete muromo iceberg. Kuziva pamusoro izvi zvakavapo, tinogona nesayenzi kutsanangura chero mumhepo fungidziro.