Zviedza zveSt. Elmah - mufananidzo uye chimiro chechiitiko chinoshamisa

Rwendo rwegungwa uye muzuva redu pane chigadzirwa chemazuva ano chinogona kuve chiitiko chinokuvadza. The element yakasimba kudarika munhu uye teknolojia. Uye chii chakaitwa nevaMariners, avo vakagara munyika isina uncharted muzvikepe zvisina simba, vaifanira kuitei? Ndiani aifanira kuverenga, kuna ani kuti acheme kubatsirwa munguva dzemhepo dzinotyisa?

Kubvira panguva yekare, vafambisi vezvikepe veMediterranean vaifara uye vakanyarara apo paiva nemasvingo ezvikepe zvekufamba mumamiriro ekunze asina kujekesa kwakaonekwa. Izvi zvaireva kuti vatsvene vavo, Elm, vakange vavadzivirira.

Kusimbiswa kwedutu kwakataurwa nevatambi, uye kuderera kwemoto kwakanga kwakatsva moto weSt. Elm.

St Elm

Zuva rekuyeuka mufundisi wechiKaturike Elma, uyo anozivikanwawo seErasmus (Ermo) weAndiyoki kana Formian, inopembererwa musi waJune 2. Zvinyorwa zvevatsvene zviri mu temberi yezita rake muGaeta (Italy), akafira muFomia yevakidzani muna 303. Nhoroondo yacho inotaura kuti akatora rufu rwechifira - vanotambudza vakakuvadza mumakumbo ake pamutambo.
Ichi chinhu chakasara sechirevo chevatsvene, avo vaakasvika kuzoponesa vafambisi mumatambudziko.

Cold flame

Moto pazvipfungwa zvemasti maererano nezvitsanangudzo zvakaratidza sevhenekeri remwenje kana moto, mabhesi kana mabhora emucheka bhuruu kana ruvara rwepepuru. Inoshamisa hukuru hwezviedza izvi-kubva pamamita 10 kusvika pamamita! Dzimwe nguva zvaiita sokuti mapuranga ose akanga akafukidzwa ne phosphorus uye akapenya. Kupenya kwacho kunogona kuendeswa nekunzwika kwenheyo kana kuchema.
Kuedza kuputsa chikamu chetambo uye kutungidza murazvo hauna kushanda - nehuputiro moto wakasimuka kumatanda. Moto wacho hauna kubata moto, hauna kupisa chero munhu, kunyange zvazvo waiva nguva yakareba-kubva pamaminitsi mashomanana kusvikira awa uye yakareba.

Historical background

VaGiriki vekare vakadana ichi chiedza "Castor naPollux", "Elena". Panewo zita rezviedza: Corpus Santos, "Saint Hermes", "Saint Nicholas".
Mune zvakanyorwa zvakanyorwa zvakanyorwa naPliny Mukuru uye Julius Caesar, inotaura nezvekufamba kwemaoko eColumbus naMagellan, tsamba dzeDarwin kubva kuchiteshi cheBeagle, mabasa aMelville (Moby Dick) uye Shakespeare, anotaura nezvemisangano yevashambadziri vane mwenje.

Nhoroondo yekutenderera kwaFernand Magellan inotsanangura kuti: "Munguva dzemhepo idzodzo, St. Elm pachake akazviratidza kwatiri kakawanda nenzira yechiedza ... pausiku hutsva hwakanyanya pane yakakosha apo akagara kwemaawa maviri kana kupfuura, achitisunungura tariro."

Hazvizivikanwi chete kune vafambisi vezvikepe

Zvisati zviri pazvikepe chete, asiwo pazvipfeko nemakona ezvivako, mapepa, mapavi, magetsi nemafambisi nezvimwe zvinhu zvakakwirira uye zvivako nemagumo anopinza, moto weSt. Elmus chiedza.

Vatyairi vengorova vanozivawo izvi zvinoshamisa. Pamusoro pezvidzidzo, mazano anoburitsa emapapiro uye fuselage ichibhururuka pedyo negore rebhanhire, kubhurwa-kufanana-kunogona kuoneka-zviedza zveSt. Elm. Mufananidzo waJames Ashby - mutungamiri wevarwi, - akangoitwa kamwe chete mumheni padinenge achiuya muPnom Penh, anoratidza bhenu kupenya pamhino dzegege.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kune simba rakasimba redhiyo inopindira. Zvaitendwa kuti moto uyu wakakonzera kupisa kwehydrogen uye kwakakonzera kuputsika kwemahombekombe makuru uye ane ruzha "Hindenburg" muna May 1937.

Vanokwidziridza vanonyatsoziva zviedza zveSt. Elmah. Pavanopinda mutinhiro, hulo inopenya inogona kuonekwa pamusoro pemisoro yavo, mazano eminwe yavo inopenya, moto unoputika kubva kumazando echando. Vanyori vanotaura kuti kunyange zvikwata zvemiti, nyanga dzehando nenzombe, uswa hwakakura hunopenya mumheni.

Zvakaipa Zviitiko

Zvisikwa zvinopa zvinhu zvakawanda zvinofadza kuti vanhu vagadzirise. Munhu wose anoziva kuti zvinhu zvakadai sehota, iyo halo (masikati matatu) muchando, kupisa mumhepo inotonhora - maitiro ekutarira emhepo, kuumba mumapurisa emhepo nemirazi, kuratidzira uye kuratidza chiedza.

Iyo inonakidza yebhuruu uye yezvisikwa zvitsvuku zve polar aurora zvinokonzera kushungurudzika kweMagetsi emagetsi enyika. Zviedza zveSt. Elm zvinotungamirira magetsi emhepo.

Scientific tsanangudzo

Saka chii chiri moto weSt. Elm? Chii chinonzi chiitiko ichi? Mythology yakagadziriswa kusati kwadudzirwa kwaBenjamin Franklin, yakagadzirwa muna 1749. Ndiye iye akatsanangura nzira iyo mheni inopenya inokonzera "moto wemagetsi" kubva mugore iri iri kure kunyange kusati kwaitika. Chiedza chiri pamusoro pechigadzirwa ndicho moto weSt. Elm.

Pasi yemagetsi ionizes mhepo, zvakapoteredza zvinhu zvakatsinhanisa, huwandu hwesimbi hunova huwandu. Plasma ye Ioni inotanga kupenya, asi, kusiyana nemheni, inomira, uye haifambi.
Muvara we plasma unobva pakuumbwa kwegesi ionized. Nitrogen uye oksijeni, iyo inenge yakanyanyisa mumhepo, inoita chiedza chebhuruu.

Corona discharge

Corona, kana kuputira, kubuda kunoitika kana simba remagetsi emhepo riri musina yunifomu, uye zvakapoteredza chinhu chimwe chinova kupfuura 1 kW / cm. Mumamiriro akanaka emamiriro okunze, kukosha uku kunokwana zvuru zvishoma zvishoma. Pakutanga kwekugadzirwa kwemheni, inokura kusvika ku 5 volts / cm. Mheni inopisa inodarika 10 kilowatts perentimita.

Ukuru hweiyo inogona kugoverwa isiri yomufananidzi mumhepo - yakakura pedyo nezvinhu zvakananga zviri kumusoro.
Zvinonyatsojeka kuti kuswedera kwekutinhira kwemvura (kana dutu dutu) kunogadzira mumhepo iyo inogona kukwana kuonekwa kwevabhanche ye ion, zvichiita kuti bluish chiedza chezvinhu zvakananga pane dais. Dutu rejecha uye kuputika kwemakomo kunobvisawo mweya uye zvinogona kukonzera ichi chiitiko.

Tamed kupenya

Munhu wemazuva ano haafaniri kuenda kushambira kana kuti achibhururuka panguva yemvura inotinhira kuti ataridzire kupenya kwegesi ye ionized, izvo moto weSt. Elm uri. Zvazviri - iwe unogona kuona mumagetsi evhenekeri, neon uye mamwe marambi e halogen. Pamitambo inofanirwa kuisa zvigadzirwa izvo zvisingabvumiri magetsi emhepo kuti aunganidze pamusoro pepamusoro uye anoita kuti kupindira.

Asi kunyange zvazvo rudo nemanzwiro zvichatsiviwa nehuwandu, kufarira uye kufara kunobatanidzwa nemasikirwo akasiyana ezvisikwa hazvisi kusiya munhu. Zvisikwa zvisingaoneki zvebhuruu zveSt. Elm zvichaita kuti mafungiro evashanyi nevanoverenga vafarire.