Nzvimbo yomugariro Israeri. YaIsiraeri, nharaunda, iyo kwakaita nzvimbo yacho, hunhu

Israeri nyika umo Runonzwika kufurirwa tsika dzakawanda nezvitendero, uye rinogona kunzwika mumigwagwa mitauro kutaura. Bhaibheri pacharo anogona nezvoUmambo mupfumi history, iyo yakatanga pamusoro akawanda zvemakore. Uye zvose nokuda kuti zviitiko mashizha chiratidzo nzvimbo yaIsraeri. Noukuru nyika ino apo achishanyira nhoroondo nzvimbo nenzvimbo tsvene, akanyatisa mumhepo zvinoenderana uye kunamata.

Nyaya ichakurukurwa kubudikidza nzvimbo uye nzvimbo yaIsraeri uye miganhu yayo pamwe nedzimwe nyika, Geological uye hydrographic data, uyewo peculiarities vomunharaunda kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka.

Location pamusoro nyika mepu

The State waIsraeri munyika, iyo inonzi kuMiddle East. Ichi zvokuvhoterwa south-kumadokero Asia reparamende, kumabvazuva kwemhenderekedzo kweGungwa reMediterranean. Kana kutarira pamepu yenyika, chaiyoiyo Coordonatele vaIsraeri - 34 ° 45 'mabvazuva Longitude uye 31 ° 30' rwokumusoro Latitude.

Miganhu uye nharaunda

Israel parutivi dzakawanda. Pamuganhu wayo wokumusoro - pamwe paRebhanoni, kuchamhembe-nechokumabvazuva - neSiriya, kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero - pamwe Gaza Strip uye neIjipiti kumabvazuva - pamwe Jorodhani uye kumadokero kunharaunda rwaJodhani.

Kureba nyika muganhu anenge mazana gumi nerimwe chete. Data More yakarurama, oddly zvakakwana, havasi kunorondedzerwa maererano veIsrael mamiriro. Chokwadi ndechokuti nhasi, kuti nyika haigoni kugadzirisa muganhu mukuru neSiriya uye Rebhanoni. Saka, vari nehasha yakakamurwa "Nyaya reticle moto" uye "Blue Line."

Western yaIsiraeri kweGungwa reMediterranean, kumaodzanyemba - Gungwa Dzvuku, uye rokumabvazuva nharaunda pamuganhu matsvene rwaJodhani, apo Jesu akabhabhatidzwa kamwechete. Nemhenderekedzo iri 273 makiromita. Vazhinji nhoroondo kweGungwa reMediterranean, uye chidukuduku mugove anofukidza Dzvuku (chete gumi kilometers).

The zvachose nzvimbo yaIsraeri, kusanganisira Palestinian Authority, ndiyo 27.800 mativi makiromita. Uye 6220 vavo achiitei Judhiya, Samariya uye Gaza Strip, zvange adzikinura somugumisiro remapazi zvechiuto muna 1967. Kumabvazuva, munharaunda yeIsrael chikamu Rakafa (anenge chiuru mativi kilometers). Zvinonzi wakawanda kuvharwa nyanza, kunonyanyisa udzamu ndiyo 378 metres.

ndima mamiriro

Inotorwa nzvimbo yose yaIsiraeri makiromita zviuru makumi maviri akaenzana, izvo mapopoma anopfuura mana ari kure negungwa mumvura. Area munyika atambanudza kubva kurutivi rwezasi kusvikira kurutivi rwokumusoro, kubva Eilat kuna Metulla kugarwa kusvika 424 makiromita. Kubva kumabvazuva kusvika kumavirira kure ari narrowest pfungwa iri 15 makiromita, uye rinonyanya nepaanogona 114 makiromita.

To musi, vaIsraeri vakatora East Jerusarema 70 sq km,, 1150 mativi makiromita of Gorani Heights, uye 5879 mativi makiromita kuWest Bank. Urongwa Izvi zvinokanganisa upenyu mamiriro, saka ine yayo mutauro uye mari zvimwe.

Language Israel

Nhasi, mitauro yepamutemo munyika iyi vanoonekwa kuti Arabic uye chiHebheru. Asi pano kazhinji kutaura Russian, Chirungu, German, French uye Spanish.

Pakutanga, mutauro vechiJudha vanhu waiva muHebheru. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ivo muridzi Adhamu naEvha. Iri remutauro dzakawanda Yekare uye yeGungwa Rakafa zvakanyorwa. nguva ino yose mutauro waIsraeri akachinja pasi pokudzora dzakavakidzana. Naizvozvo dzakasiyana awo akazviratidza (semuenzaniso, Western Europe, Yemen, German uye Muslim).

Zvisinei, muzana remakore rechipiri, vaJudha vakatambudzwa nevaRoma, uye chiHebheru varasikirwa simba rayo somunhu zvataurwa mutauro. Kusvikira pakuguma XIX remakore chete akanyora nhetembo uye ezvinamato, uye ipapo anoita kuva zvekare. Asi pashure echiHebheru azopora zvishoma nezvishoma pamusoro chirongwa ane Zionist aigara Russian Empire.

Israel mari

Nhasi, hurumende nehurumende mari iri kuonekwa itsva neshekeri Israeli. Iye akaenzana navane zana sendi neimwe. Kana zvichienzaniswa nevamwe mari inokwana, kuti NIS - 0.29 US Dollar, kana 16,96 yeRussian Ruble.

Currency rinoshandiswa kubva kare munyika yose. Asi zvino haina zvaireva neshekeri sangano iri nemari, uye ndarama kana sirivha, iyo vanokosheswa zvikuru. Muna 1985, mari iyi depreciated ane chiuru nguva. The huripo mari uye Banknotes vakachinja Kutarira uye vasarudzwa earufabheti yechiHebheru. Uye kune mashekeri zvitsva. Nhasi, mari vaIsraeri vane dzakawanda remitemo uye pachena convertible kupinda dzimwe mari.

administrative kupesana

The State waIsraeri rakakamurwa administrative munzvimbo, makatumidzwa mehozotami. Vanosvika vatanhatu: Central, Jerusarema, Haifa, Tel Aviv, North uye South. administrative nharaunda dziri akakamurwa namashanu Sub-maruwa, inonzi nafotami akavapindurawo. Vanogona kuverenga mashanu akazvimirira subokrugov.

guta guru uye majaya munzvimbo Jerusarema ndiye neBheti-shemeshi. Munguva inotaurwa muBhaibheri ikoko akamhanya nzira kubva eJudha kuna Ierusalima.Tel Aviv ndiye zvokutenga uye maindasitiri, tsika uye mabhizimisi muzinda guru. Chinonyanya wakajeka nzvimbo runoonekwa kuna Haifa, riri pamusoro mujinga tsvene wemakomo eJudhiya weKarimeri.

Israeri zvakarurama vanogona kunzi musimboti Jerusarema. In ichi tsvene, zvichiitika huru zviitiko upenyu hwaKristu. Ndirwowo pakukura guta rehurumende ane nzvimbo 126 mativi makiromita. MuJerusarema, kumusha vanhu vanoda kusvika masere zviuru. The zvachose Vagari waIsraeri mamiriyoni anenge masere.

Israel ruyamuro

Izvi nyika mugove neeSultan gomo maviri, uye izvi zvinoguma matatu akasiyana zvachose rokuyamura nzvimbo.

1 vagadzirisane Valley. Sezvo unowanzonzi Jordan pashure rwizi runoyerera pano. Zviri dzakasiyana mhango, iyo inoreva hombe Geological mhosva reSiriya African mapazi. Chinosanganisira Jorodhani Valley, Hula, Jezreeri, Gungwa Rakafa bheseni uye Wadi al-Arab, inova kubatana kuGungwa Dzvuku.

2. Mountain mapazi. Eilat kunosvika kubva apo pakapinda kusvika Lebanese kumakomo. Nzvimbo zvinogonawo muzvikamu zvitatu. In Kumaodzanyemba Highlands pakati kuNegevhi murenje, kuchamhembe - Galileo, uye ari pakati - Central Highlands, izvo zvinosanganisira Samaria, Judhea Shfela. Kana ukateerera kuti Nzvimbo zviri vaIsiraeri munda uyu, tinogona kuona kuti unomutswa zvinyoronyoro kumavirira, pova ngetani rose zvikomo pamusoro mamita zana-mana maviri namakumi kumusoro. In nechokumabvazuva pamakomo nyika vari steeper Nokutonga, vamwe kunyange kusvika 1,3 makiromita.

3. mapani. Rinotanga nhete ubvise riri pamuganhu Lebanese uye kunosvika kuIjipiti kuburikidza kuNegevhi murenje. Uyewo, nzvimbo iyi inogona kuva zvikamu zvitatu. Kumusoro kumhenderekedzo uye Zapadnogalileyskoe rwaZebhuruni Valley. In rwezasi chikamu Maritime mapazi raimiririra Mediterranean pamhenderekedzo, izvo zvinosanganisira kuNegevhi dzechiJudha uye bani. Nechepakati nharaunda anoda reKarimeri Valley mhenderekedzo Sharon (Sharon).

For yakatetepa jecha pamhenderekedzo nhema kanyika wenyika ivhu rakaorera, izvo kubatwa veko. Ndokusaka nzvimbo iri pfungwa dzakawanda vanhu vaIsraeri. On mubani riri pedyo negungwa ndivo chikuru chengarava kugarwa pamusoro Tel Aviv, Ashdhodhi, Haifa uye panozogadzirika chikwata okurima uye mumaindasitiri rine hurumende.

Geological mamiriro

The nyika kazhinji inoumbwa pamatombo Mesozoic, vachirondedzera kune tertiary uye quaternary hurongwa. Chinonyanya kwakapararira Upper Cretaceous deposits, ayo anomiririrwa dolomite, reraimu uye marl. Zoolity uye sandstones musiwa ebani Gileleya uye pedyo nemhenderekedzo nzvimbo. In kuchamhembe pane zvakawanda deposits pamusoro nesuko, iyo yakaumbwa mumapako waRoshi Hanikra. Asi nzvimbo yaIsraeri mumupata aJoridhani akasiyana sumbu simba alluvial idzodzo.

The reraimu akaturikidzana nyore zvitadzo zvakawanda mvura yeko. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, munzvimbo idzi dzakawanda yakatanga karst kwendangariro. Caves, aumba kubva mvura-soluble mhando, zhinji muIsraeri. Zvisinei, kushanyira chete rakazaruka chete - Abhusaromu. Uyewo pane nemapako akawanda maduku kuumbwa sezvingatarisirwa, ayo kare kushandiswa senzira yokuchengetera, kuvanza nzvimbo uye kuonana nevanhu.

yaIsraeri

The yakasiyana nzvimbo yomugariro vaIsraeri zvikuru kusiyana pasi matombo. Kumadokero kwenyika yacho, zvinosanganisira pamhenderekedzo uye gomo neyemitenusirwa, mupfumi shava nevhu, izvo zvinoita kuti yakaoma subtropical kumatunhu. On nharaunda yokumabvazuva uye nechepakati nzvimbo kukoshesa gomo vachena mashava pasi. In rwezasi, kune marudzi akasiyana subtropical gwenga nevhu.

Mune dzimwe nzvimbo kuchamhembe kuNegevhi vakaumba chiedza tsvuku yakaorera loess. In romumhenderekedzo yegungwa manyowa kugutsikana anoda kubva 0.75% kusvika 2.4% ari kudzika pasi pemvura, ukuwo. Ground wokumaodzanyemba kuNegevhi rinoumbwa girenayiti uye sandstone, uye nyika chifukidziro muGarirea - kubva reraimu. Ivhu pabutiro vasipo chete mune mugwenga uye gomo munzvimbo.

hydrography

Kana tikatarisa apo Israeri, unogona kuona kuti iye nharo hydrographic chinzvimbo. Fresh mvura Matura vanofungidzirwa mabhiriyoni 1,8 cubic metres pagore. Izvi, 1100 kunobva zvinyorwa maduku uye nzizi, 320 - Israeli munzvimbo yaJodhani, uye 200 - drains the ari Yarkon River.

Uyewo, mvura yakachena iri zvinoberekwa achinatsa tsvina uye kubudiswa yomugungwa. Mukuru dura kuti nyika ndiyo Gungwa reGarireya. Kubva kwaari pashure waRoshi ha-Ayini kuna Yarkon-kuNegevhi mvura chinhu Kureba makiromita anenge 250.

Kumadokero kwerukova wenyika ndezvaJehovha Mediterranean Basin. Havasi vazhinji, uye vakawanda vavo nyore unoomesa mu inopisa mwaka. Eastern yaIsiraeri vane undrained. The kupfuura kuramba rwizi wenyika ichaongororwa Jodhani. Nokuda hydraulic michina zviri kumbochinja zvachose mumatanda. The chete kunze ndivo mafashamo pfupi. Kufarira zvikuru muGungwa reGarireya. Zviri zvishoma munyu, asi achiri yakakodzera kushandiswa, uye akapfuma hove.

okunze

Israel - zvikuru nyika duku, asi zvinokwanisika kusangana zvikuru pfumbamwe akasiyana okunze munyika dzine, izvo zvinosiyana zvichienderana mudunhu nzvimbo. Mountain nzvimbo dzinoratidzwa zvakarurama inopisa yechirimo uye kutonhora dzechando. Nzvimbo pamhenderekedzo inozivikanwa nepakati muchando uye nyorovera yechirimo. Uye Valley kwaJoridhani munyoro uye inofadza dzechando, asi kupisa chaizvo uye yakaoma zvezhizha. kusiyana kwakadaro akatsanangura munzvimbo dzakaoma uye mugwenga kumabvazuva mapazi uye napedyo egungwa kurutivi rwamavirazuva.

Nzvimbo yomugariro Israeri kunokanganisa okunze. Zvikurukuru, nyika ine subtropical ekunze. Winter akadzikama chaizvo uye kuchinaya. Air muna January kazhinji kudziyirwa kusvika 9-22 inegumi. The zhinji inonaya pamusoro December - February, chando anowira kashoma, uye ipapo chete mumakomo.

Summer muIsraeri kunotora April kusvika November. Hazvina kunyanya yakaoma uye kudziya. Mhepo iri kudziyirwa kusvika 30-38 inegumi. Asi nokuda yakasiyana chaizvo mwando ari siyana kumatunhu tembiricha kwayo kunonzwisiswa zvakasiyana. A pachena chinoratidza makore Israeli pores kuva kuchipisa withering mhepo. Mvura Dead Sea kazhinji ushamwari madhigirii 30 August, uye 25 - muna February.

Flora

Israel Nature ndiye siyana chaizvo. Pano unogona kusangana vamiririri Sahara uye muArabhia, Iranian-Turan uye yeMediterranean. Plants munyika akapa muna 2600 marudzi, 150 rinogona kuwanikwa chete muIsraeri uye kumwe munyika.

Kwakapararira pomuouki, mutamba, muonde, muorivhi, nemisipiresi, Laurel, ikawanda, nemimirite uye carob. Veko vanoda kudyara Eucalyptus, nemiakasia uye Alpine nemipaini musango wongoramba. Nokuti greening mumaguta makuru nzvimbo inoshandiswa casuarina, pistachio, Ficus, oleander uye womutamarisiki. Maererano nzvimbo miti izvi, unogona kuona apo kuguma yaIsraeri uye miganhu yayo.

fauna of

fauna of kwevaIsraeri chinomiririrwa 100 mhando mhuka, 500 eshiri uye 100 marudzi nezvinokambaira. Kare fauna of aiva dzakapfuma. Kubva panzvimbo iyi akanyangarika shumba, yeSiriya bheya, Nile garwe, oryx, Berber gwai, onager, wakagara nondo uye zizi. Asi zvakadaro makawanikwa dromedary, gwai barbary, Nubian mbudzi, mhara, mharapara, mhuka musii uye Oryx.

Uyewo, mhuka hunhu vaIsraeri raimiririra Wetland uye nyika nenjiva. Alexander bedzi murwizi Nile anogona kuwanikwa myagkokozhie mhuka. Uyewo musha Palestinian nyoka, Efa, Boa, mvura nyoka, nyoka dema uye makwapa psevdovipera. Total kuverenga 30 mhando nyoka, 8 zvacho muchetura.

The hama kuoma kwakaita okunze ichikutadzisa uwandu mhando amphibians. Vari pano akapa Fire Salamander, chakasungwa newt, norwaivhi, muti nevakawanda datya, yeSiriya spadefoot buruuru uye mutema.

Muchidimbu, nzvimbo yomugariro waIsraeri anopa mikana yakawanda nyika iyi. Kunyanya pano vanoda kufamba mufambi nokuda plesieroorde reMediterranean, Dead uye Red makungwa.