Zita referns, marudzi. Mazita ehengo dzefern uye zvivakwa

Imwe yemiti yakakura kudarika pasi redu ndiyo fern. Inokura zvose mumasango anopisa uye mumasango. Kusvika iye zvino, zvinopfuura zviuru makumi maviri zvemiti yemiti iyi yakasiyana inozivikanwa. Zita referns nemagariro avo zvichakurukurwa zvakadzama munyaya ino.

Tsanangudzo

Vamiririri vehurumende yefern ndeyemutunhu wepamusoro michero. Vane chikwata chekutengesa chinopa zvinhu uye mvura kune nhengo dzose. Iko kune michero kubva mumudzi, midzi uye mashizha akabudirira. Maruva uye mbeu hazvipo. Mamwe mazita emazita ehengo dzefern achaongororwa pasi apa. Izvi zvinomera zvinogona kuwanikwa chero kupi zvako munyika. Zvisinei, mumvura inopisa yemvura, kusiyana kwavo kukuru kwakanyanya. Nehukuru hwezvirimwa izvi zvakafanana zvikuru (masentimita masendimita), uye yakakura uye yakasimba (kusvika mamita makumi maviri).

Mazita ehengo dzefern uye zvivakwa

Roots. Muchirimwa ichi ivo vari pasi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti midzi inenge isingaiti, inotsvaira uye mashizha anoumbwa panzvimbo yaro. Nheyo dzakasiyana zvakasiyana, zvose maererano nehumukati hwekugadzirisa nekuonekwa. Mune dzimwe ferns, dzinogona kunge dzichifamba kana dzisinganzwisisiki, asi kazhinji pane mitsara yakajeka. Kubva padutu, pane mashizha makuru anobuda. Vanoita mabasa e sporulation uye photosynvhesis. Pasi pepasi pemashizha, sporophylls akakura. Kuenda pasi, "zvikadzi" zvinokwakuka zvinomera kusvika, izvo zviduku zviduku zvakagadzirwa nemoyo. Sezvo mutemo, rutivi rwavo haruri mamita masendimita. Pamusoro peplate ndiro inonzi "vakadzi" nhengo dzebonde. Kubva pane spores masimini inoumbwa michi-inomera umo chirume ripen. Vanotakurwa nemhepo, kuwira pamiti, uswa, nezvimwewo. Mushure mokubhururuka kweiyo shell uye kuputika kwayo, mbeu "yemurume" iri mumamiriro ekunze. Nemvura, chirwere chinopinda mukukura kwevakadzi. Saka kune chimiro chitsva. Panguva imwecheteyo, bundu rakagadzirwa nemoyo yakaoma uye rinofa. Mimwe ferns inogona kupararira nenzira inogadzirwa. Muchiitiko ichi, michero mitsva inoumbwa pamashizha ekare ari pasi. Nokufamba kwenguva, vanoita midzi muvhu uye vanokura. Mafiro haana cambium. Ndicho chikonzero simba ravo nekukura zvisingakwanisi, uye zvinokonzerwa hazvigadziri zvindori zvegore. Heano mbeu dzakasiyana-siyana - ferns.

Aina uye mazita

Vamwe vamiririri veboka iri vanongoronga chete. Zvimwe ferns, mifananidzo nemazita ayo anotsanangurwa munyaya ino, vanoporesa zvinhu. Zvimwewo zvakaparadzirwa mune zvekugadzira (makondo, mhou, maronda osmundra). Kunewo miti ine uturu, somuenzaniso, nhoo. Mafudzi, zvichienderana nenzvimbo, anogoverwa kuva nyika nemvura. Uyezve kune rimwe boka guru-muti-wakafanana.

Nehrolepis

Nyika yekodzero iyi inoyevedza yakanaka yekuvaka imba inotyisa America. Iyo yakareba, yakavhara arc vei ine mavara mashizha akaisvonaka.

Strausser kawaida

Zita racho rakapiwa kumunda nemhaka yekufanana kwemashizha ane chimiro chenheve yemhou. Inokura kunze kwemakungwa, mumasango ane madota uye mafashamo emvura. Nokukurumidza kuwedzera, muti wacho unoumba mashizha akaoma. Iyo imhou inoshandisa florist kuti ikonze maruva nemaruva akarongeka.

The Woman's Cochair

Icho chinokura mumasikati machena. Inogona kuonekwa mumipata uye masango peat bogs. Mucheche anogadzira mazamu mumunda wakaoma. Mashizha ayo akasvibiswa ane ruvara ruvara ruvara. Muchando vanofa. Mudzi ifupi, asi yakaoma zvakakwana. Mumazuva mashizha matsva mashoma anotanga kukura. Miti yacho inobereka ne spores.

Flebodeium golide

Uyu muti unowedzera pamiti, uchibatanidza kuganda rine "makumbo". Iine rhizome inokambaira ine mhete yakashata-yegoridhe zviyero, kubva kune dzimwe mashizha anenge anenge mamita mashanu kureba.

Orlyak

Kureba kwechimiro ichi kunogona kusvika kune masentimita makumi matanhatu. Izvo zvinowanzoita pose pose, kunyange pavhu rakaoma uye rakashata. Iyo fern ine horizontally branched refu rhizome, kubva mairi mashizha ari oga ari kusiya. Midzi yemiti iyi ine mishonga uye inoshandiswa mune sayenzi yezvokurapa.

Adianum

Mune vanhu vanhu simiti iyi inonzi "vhudzi remhepo." Iyo yakaonda kwazvo uye yakareba (kusvika kusvika masentimita makumi matatu) masikati mashizha mashizha, akaiswa pamatema. IAdianum inoda penumbra. Inogona kukura pamapuranga emumba kana kumba.

Shield

Muzvisikwa, chimiro ichi chinokura mumakomo pakati pematombo kana musango rine shady. Mukukwirira, inogona kusvika kubva pamasendimita makumi matatu kusvika pamakumi mashanu. Iyo Shield ine rhizome ine simba, kubva pamashizha anobva pahurefu petioles, achigadzira rosette yakawanda. Chimiro chiri kukura zvishoma nezvishoma. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zita referns rinokonzerwa nehupenyu hwavo. Izvi zvinogona kutaurwa pamusoro pehovo. Pasi pepasi pemashizha emutiro kune nhengo dzinotakura zvinorema, dzakafukidzwa neimpinomu-seplatinum, sehove. Ichi chinyorwa chakapawo zita refern. Miti yacho inouraya. Kunyange zvakadaro, vazhinji vanoporesa vanoshandisa rhizome kuti vaite mishonga.

Mhuri Cytaine

Inosanganisira zvinopfuura 600 miti yemiti. Iyi miti yakafanana nemiti inowanikwa zvikuru mumvura inotonhora inotyisa. Kureba kwemiti kunogona kusvika kusvika mamita makumi maviri. Kurara kwefern kunokwanisika nekuda kweplexus yakaoma yemidzi yakasimba inogadzirisa iyo inoita chifukidzo chedu. Mashizha kazhinji anowanzovhara uye akawanda kwazvo. Kureba kwavo kunogona kusvika mamita matanhatu. Mimwe mhando dzeferns (mazita uye mapikicha anoratidzwa papeji ino) ane zvikamu zvepamusoro zvezvinyorwa zvinotakura mhepo pane nzvimbo iyo zvikamu zvakabatanidzwa kumucheto webasa remashizha. Vanoshandiswa nekutengesa gasi. Mune dzimwe mimwe michero mhepo dzakapoteredza nzvimbo dzakasarudzwa pamusoro pehizha.

Cibotic family

Dzinokura zvikuru mumasango eAsia, Central America, Mexico, South China uye neHawaiian Islands. Vamiriri vemhuri iyi vane chiratidzo chakarurama. Mashizha - kaviri kana katatu pinnate. Musoro weguru unofukidzwa nechifukidzo chekudzivirira chinosanganisira vhudzi refu refu. Mashizha mashoma emiti iyi anogona kudyiwa.

Thyrsotypers

Mumiriri wemhuri iyi - fern Thyrsopteris elegans inokura chete pachitsuwa cheJuan Fernandez, chiri muPacific Ocean pedyo neSouth America. Kureba kwayo kunenge mamiriyoni mashanu.

Kultzite

Inomiririrwa neferns yakakura ine tambo inokambaira. Kureba kwemuti, semurairo, hausi kupfuura masentimita makumi mashanu. Mashizha - 4, 5-pinnate, maduku (kusvika 3 cm). Petioles akajeka kana kuti mutsvuku. Mashizha haana kunyatsogadziridzwa, iwo anoshambadza nevhudzi rakatsvuka kana dzvuku. Mazita emiti inonzi fern yemarudzi aya ndeaya anotevera: Culcita coniifolia (inokura kuchamhembe uye pakati peSouth America) uye C. macrocarpa (mu macaroniasian floristic region). Nhamba yezvipenyu izvi iri kuramba ichiderera. Ndokusaka fern yezvipenyu izvi yakanyorwa mumiti yakachengetedzwa yePortugal neSpain.

Mvura

Zita referns-marsileia uye salvinia-ndeyeboka rechitatu rezvirimwa zvezvipenyu zvatiri kutsanangura. Vanorarama chete mumitumbi yemvura.

Marileille ane-mana

Ichi chiduku chiduku chisingaperi chinenge chakafara, mashizha-akapoteredza mashizha. Sporocarpia 2-3 zvidimbu zviri pasi petiole. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane urefu hwema 5 millimita. Kazhinji kukwirira kwemarsilee hakupfuuri masentimita makumi maviri. Zvisinei, petioles yemashizha anotenderera anokwanisa kusvika masendimita 80, uye rhizome - inenge 1 mamita. Kazhinji iyi iyi fern inoshandiswa kupfekedza miviri yemvura.

Salvinia

Iyi simiti haifaniri uye inoda kuchengetedzwa. Kazhinji Salvinia inokura zvakananga nekudyarwa kwemvura. Miti yacho inogona kuonekwa mumadzimba emiti yebhanji. Kunze, haisi kutaridzika seyaiwanzo ferns. Nheyo ye salvinia yakaonda uye yakareba (inenge 15 cm). Mashizha acho anounganidzwa muzvitatu. Maviri acho akabatanidzwa, elliptical ane tsvimbo yakafanana nemoyo. Peji yechitatu iri pasi pemvura. Iyo yakafukidzwa nemvere uye inotemwa kuva filiform inobata, yakafanana nemidzi. Tsamba iyi inobata michero nemvura.

Indian

Zita remhando dzezvipenyu izvi zvinonyatsozivikanwa kune vateveri vegungwa re aquarium. Miti yacho inokura munzvimbo dzinotyisa dzepasi rose. Mashizha ayo mashizha matsvuku akaparadzirwa zvakanaka. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka ekuchengetedza, anogona kusvika pakakwirira mamita 40-50 masentimita.

Thai

Nyika yekuzvarwa yemiti yacho iri Southeast Asia. Fern ane minda yakasviba, lanceolate mashizha akaoma, anogona kusvika masentimita makumi matatu pakureba. Vanonamatira kune rima rakaoma rhizome rakasimba.