Germany - chikuru munyika Western Europe: Dzekare Nedzazvino

Modern Germany muenzaniso wakakwana kushanda neoliberal wehurumende ane dzakabudirira capitalist upfumi, izvo kune nzvimbo inokosha munyika kugadzirwa uye kunwa avaiita. Simba upfumi munyika rinoshandisa yepamusorosoro Mazinga, pave mabasa uye zvemberi mashoko michina, izvo vakapakata kwete chete nemakambani vezvokutengeserana asiwo hurumende masangano, uye masangano zvinokosha munzanga.

Upenyu Germany: sei akunoita

Somumwe kupfuura dzakabudirira muEurope, Germany anotungamirira searchers mugumisiro nani kubva pasi pose. Chero munhu ari nyanzvi chero munda angawana pokushandisa matarenda munyika.

Zvinenge sectors vose Germany indasitiri zvinoda nyanzvi chinhu chaizvo mukuru pamwero kugona, iyo inogona kutengwa mune zvetsika mumayunivhesiti German. Vakawanda mumayunivhesiti izvi rwugare mberi-vamhanyi dzemarudzi kuera ose nemasangano edzidzo.

Zvichitevera nenheyo pachena uye kugamuchira vanhu, zviremera German kuisa vakavimbika chaizvo zvinodiwa kuti vadzidzi vokune dzimwe vanoda kudzidza muzvikoro German. Zvisinei, chikuru chinodiwa chokuwana dzidzo, anopa, uye, chokwadi, haizopereri basa chinoramba nhaka mutauro wokuGermany pane mukuru pamwero.

mutsa German

Angela Merkel achaenda pasi munhau somumwe zvikuru chipo German chanzera. Achida kusimbisa chaiwo dhigirii ayo, vanhu vokuGermany vakapinda "kantslerka" feminitiv mu turnover, izvo kare havana kurarama mumutauro wokuGermany. Asi kutanga, Angela Merkel acharangarirwa ake humán kutaura kuti kupedza nezvinhu zvokuyamura dambudziko kuti yakatanga muEurope kubva 2014 uye akaita, sokuti, undulating kuwedzera nhamba yevapoteri kubva dzairwisana Middle East neNorth Africa nyika. Pasinei nokuti kukura Kusagutsikana, kuti chanzera anoomerera pakati vagari nezvokuti Germany vanosungirwa kugamuchira vaya zvechokwadi vanoda patronage kuburikidza nokuvapa zvichida zvinokosha zvikuru: pokugara, chikuru utano uye inokosha akagadzirwa zvigadzirwa.

Guta guru Germany yava kushandisa vakawanda vapoteri vaibva munyika kutambura ruyamuro njodzi, uye zviri pachena, vasingagoni asi kukanganisa madhorobha nzvimbo, nokuti kumanikidzwa pamusoro evanhu kwezvivako yakawedzera kakawanda. Zvisinei, hurumende Berlin uye teererai kukuru pave mumadhorobha kwezvivako, saka zvakakodzera munguva dzino dzakaoma. Saka, Germany - musha mamiriyoni akawanda vachida rubatsiro.

Jogirafi uye Economy

Germany, jogirafi izvo emakore zvikuru zvakanaka-kumativi ose kutanga bhizimisi, rwokugadzira uye kutengeserana wapinda mumwe chehupenyu vanoshingaira capitalist pakukura nekaupenyu kunonoka. Countries dzakadai United States, United Kingdom uye Spain, dzakatobvuma asvika panzvimbo yakakwirira azvipire zveupfumi uye mumaindasitiri kukura mukupera XlX remakore, asi Germany yakanga ichiri zvikuru ngwizhingwi mubatanidzwa wenyika zvakasiyana ukuru, duchies uye umambo.

Saka, kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwe enyika, kurwisana pakati mubereko mapoka akasiyana uye dzimba Mutongo simba havabvumirwi munguva pfupi kuti tiite akurumidze kukura.

Zvose zvakachinja pakasvika chanzera Bismarck, uyo akakwanisa Zvaifadza - hazvina chete vakabatana reGermany rudzi, asi kubudirira rimwe zvakarurama nokukurumidza kwemaindasitiri uye mazuvaano. Wana simba, Germany akatanga hondo akanyatsosiyana mararamiro munhoroondo yevanhu. Kubva First World Germany dzasara dzakaparadzwa chose, vakabirwa uye vanenge bvamburwa. Upenyu Germany mushure ngwavaira kukundwa kwerudzi kwenguva refu, asi ndokuguma rakatevera hondo, izvo pakupedzisira zvakatungamirira chinotokurudzira kunonyadzisa migumisiro rudzi rwose.

pashure nenjodzi,

Mushure Second World War, Germany wokuti akanga zvainanga zveupfumi uye evanhu kukura, uyewo hune rugare coexistence nevavakidzani vayo. Zvishoma nezvishoma asi vanoramba hurumende German anoranga zvikanganiso zvavo vamutangira, kubhadhara muripo uye kuziva mhosva pachena. Germany pashure pehondo kwakanga anosiririsa zvikuru kuona: maguta akaparadzwa, akaparadza bhizimisi uye weboka huviri inoti.

The kwokutanga weboka zvikamu zviri rokurwa akakundwa hwacho kwakatungamirira pakusikwa vaviri inoti - East Germany uye West Germany. Taura pamusoro kuti panguva mutemo Germany yakanga yakabatana, zvingava zvakaipa.

German mamiriro vakasikwa chikamu of US uye Britain, rainzi Federal Republic of Germany uye riri pasi kuoneka kumanikidzwa ake Democratic vatsigiri. East German mamiriro chainzi German Democratic Republic. Panguva iyoyowo, vose nyika vaizviti Berlin, iro muzvikamu zviviri - kumabvazuva nokumavirira. napedyo ichi kugona kusika kunyanya kunetseka nokuti kuti vagari East Germany ari kushingaira kuedza kutiza kubva ake anoona zvose hurumende anomanikidza munzvimbo basa democracies.

Kwenguva nguva vagari vachitiza dambudziko akatosvika chakagadziriswa apo vakavaka Wall Berlin akaparadzanisa guta kusvikira 1990. Zvisinei, asisiri vaidzora kutiza vanhu kumavirira ayambuka miganhu refu dzakavakidzana inoti apikise nezvaizoitwa mamiriro ichi.

Germany: asi GDR uye frg

Two inoti dzinofananidzira muenzaniso zvoupfumi uye evanhu kukura, zvose izvo rinonyanya inosiya vamwe. Panguva iyoyo ndiko pamuganhu pakati Germanys maviri nyanyisa chaizvo netsika kuchinjanisa, nokuti vagari kuyeuka kuti kwete kare aigara imwe nyika.

Zvakazoitwa Kugadzirwa maviri dzakavakidzana zveupfumi kwakakonzerwa kuti nemauto German maindasitiri akatoparadzirwa zvakaenzana mhiri nharaunda yose German Länder.

Apo Wall Berlin yakavakwa, imwe nyika guru rikakamurwa zvakare uye simba yekudyidzana kwemakumi emakore. Zvisinei, pashure pokuwa Warsaw chibvumirano akauya nguva zvishoma nyore muupenyu marudzi European, nekuti kubatanidza vaviri vakasiyana chaizvo yokutevedzera muupenyu - zvisiri nyore. Zvinokanganisawo mutsauko chinokosha padanho upenyu: East vokuGermany akararama yekudyidzana murombo, asingasviki pakutara vamwe vavo vagari vari Kumadokero Germany uye, uyezve, wajaira dzimwe tsika paruzhinji mabasa uye dzimwe nhanho mhosvawo hwavo.

Kunyange kuparadzwa zvipingamupinyi pakati penyika mbiri kwakaratidza kutanga nguva itsva upenyu German vanhu, vose vakanzwisisa kuti kukanganwa pamusoro wake kare hazvibviri. Rusvingo, Chokwadi, haina kuparadzwa zvachose, apo kuramba kwayo yoga nzvimbo zvizvarwa sechiyeuchidzo migumisiro kunyanya nokurwa. Found pano uye imomo Wall Berlin zvidimbu dzakakurumbira chaizvo kuvashanyi, usakanganwa kuti mufananidzo wako kusanganawo kare.

Pashure makore makumi maviri, muna May 2010, chirangaridzo kunzwisisa yakavhurwa muBerlin, vanoda "Memory Hwindo". zita kwakadaro kudanana anovanza nhoroondo tsaona dzakawanda dzakaipisisa. kuparadzana mutsetse utsinye kucheka mupenyu jira muguta, vasingateereri zvinodiwa vagere, uye munzvimbo muganhu waiva pasi nemahwindo dzimba, akauraya vagari vazhinji GDR, kusvetuka kubva mahwindo patariro kuwana pachake muparadhiso capitalist.

Modern Germany: demography

The kudzidza Zvinoumba vomuSouth iri riitwe chaiyo Statistical Office, iyo wakaipa ari Demographics munyika. Maererano Statistical Office, pashure kubatanidzwa vomuSouth akanga asvika vanhu mamiriyoni makumi masere. Izvi anoisa Germany nhamba wayo navatanhatu nzvimbo munyika. The Kuronga German ndimo siyana uye zvakasiyana-siyana.

Kufarira ndechokuti kwemakore akawanda demography German uye upfumi vanoonekwa ne zvishoma kukura. Kunyange munguva dzenhamo, vakawanda akakura uye upfumi kumbobvira raderera kuna zvokuti munhu aigona kutaura chinokosha kudzikira.

The yesangano munhu Statistical risingaoneki rinonyatsotsanangura ruzivo pamusoro Vagari Federal Republic kwete chete, asiwo kwayo nyika uye zvechitendero sezvamunoita. Kuva ruzivo urwu kunoita kuti kuronga munzanga mari. Somuenzaniso, zvinozivikanwa kuti vanhu vane havabvumi chero chitendero, vana vashoma kupfuura zvavo dzechitendero dzomuzana. Panguva iyoyowo vakadzi vakadzidza vanosarudza kuita vana gare gare pane vakadzi hwakaderera dzidzo kana kunyange kurega kuberekana.

Zvisinei zvakafanira kujekesa kuti mudanga, kunyange zviduku, mukanyanyisa chokutanga inobva pakuti Germany, maererano UN ripoti, ndiyo nyika yechipiri munyika tichitarisa vanotama vakagamuchirwa ari vemo. Pakutanga, Chokwadi, ndivo United States. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti chinonyanya kukosha mune nhamba uye simba kuti Diaspora anomiririrwa vatama kubva Turkey uye nezvizvarwa zvavo. Vazhinji vatama vachibva Turkey vakasvika munyika paivakwa tiguu yakauya pamusoro post-hondo pedutu. Zvisinei, kwete chete vashandi vanouya nhasi kuna Germany, asiwo vapoteri, iyo bumbiro German anovimbisa enyika hupoteri. It Zvisinei, dzinofanira kudzokororwa rimwe gore.

The yeUnited mamiriro: sei akunoita

Chimwe chezvinhu runowanzoitika nemisanganiswa munyika iri Germany. History of State anoratidza kuti tsika uye tsika munhu nharaunda zvinokosha chaizvo kuti kuvaka yakatsiga uye democratic zvematongerwo enyika. Nyika imwe neimwe ine kukanganisika nenyika kuburikidza sarudzo munyika paramende uye musarudzo.

Panguva imwe chete upenyu vagari vemo kuburikidza Kushongedzera matunhu neminisiparati sarudzo uye weParamende, vari mubasa redistribution mari inounganidzwa dziri mitero.

Administrative Germany rakakamurwa gumi inoti, imwe neimwe ine yayo Paramende uye Government. Ko yakakurumbira kudarika dzimwe mamiriro North Rhine-Westphalia pamwe mamiriyoni gumi nevagari, runoonekwa kuva duku Free uye Hanseatic muGuta Valenza - munyika, zvinosanganisira maguta maviri: chaizvoizvo Valenza uye Bremerhaven.

An dzinonakidza Chokwadi ndechokuti Valenza - nyika chete umo mune pamusoro motorways sipidhi inodiwa: zvinofanira haapfuuri zana nemakumi matatu makiromita paawa. Zviri izvi sezviduku izvi, hworatidza mweya federalism uye kusununguka wechokwadi, nokuti vagari kuisa mitemo yavo pachavo, iyo vakawanda zvakarurama zvinoratidza dzemo nzira youpenyu.

Saka, zviri pachena kuti Germany - a dzakabudirira democratic nyika ine akapfuma tsika uye Federal hurumende.

In North Rhine-Westphalia, chaiye mamiriro nharaunda yacho richengetwe sezvo Federal Constitution uye mitemo yenyika pachayo. MuUnited Germany North Rhine anopinda mamiriro ehurumende, kuubvumira kuva paramende yayo uye Executive muviri.

Berlin - European Youth Capital

Pasinei chokwadi kuti vakawanda kukurumbira pakati vaifamba youth Wana guta akadai Budapest uye Prague, Berlin achiri mutungamiriri ari chepamusoro kupfuura simba uye tsika maguta European Union. kukudzwa uku ane nheyo yakasimba, nokuti guru Germany ndiyo pamutemo kumusha vakanyorwa vemifananidzo vanopfuura mamiriyoni matanhatu.

nhamba yakadaro vashandi ounyanzvi nokuti kuti Berlin kunokudziridzwa hurongwa uri dzidzo kwazvo, zvose paruzhinji uye pasiri paruzhinji, uyewo zvisina kurongwa. Vemifananidzo pano inopa vazhinji mifananidzo residencies, okudhindira uye, chokwadi, namaberere, vanoda kupa chikuva kuti vechiduku uye unyanzvi Artists. namaberere zvakadaro guta guru anopfuura mana, asi chaizvoizvo ari zvakawanda, nokuti kune vakawanda zvisina Exhibition Grounds.

Uyezve zana namaberere uye mamiziyamu makumi pamwe pose mukurumbira kuunganidza zvakare nomukurumbira Berlin wavo tsika kudhanzi, uko kunomiririrwa makirabhu siyana enguva anongofamba mapati.

State zviratidzo

Sezvo ini ataurwa pamusoro apa, Germany - rechimanjemanje democratic batana mamiriro. Zvisinei, tinofanira kuyeuka kuti, pasinei mberi hunhu uye kuchinjika, ane paakaenda nhoroondo mupfumi uye refu, anoita vanhu German kutambura zvikuru.

Saka, mazuva yevagari flag Germany yakatanga kusvika First Republic mureza of neWeimar Republic, izvo aripo kubvira 1919 kusvika 1933. Zvichitevera kufarirwa muGermany reNazi hurumende mureza nayo yakaguma, asi achangobva wokurera muna 1949. Flag uye maoko maoko Germany, izvo zvakaoma kuona kukosha, ndivo chinokosha chezvinonhuwira zvitupa uye kufananidzira kubatana rwacho.

Modern mureza Federal Republic rinomiririra tristimulus dandemutande kare zvakakosha Germany mavara - black, tsvuku uye nendarama (pasi). Mavara izvi inowanzoshandiswa namapfumbamwe remakore Germany, sangano ndichirairira pamusoro kuchinja European murayiro hwakagadzwa pashure pokukundwa Napoleon.

Nepo vakawanda vehurumende mureza uri nyore tricolor pamwe chinjikira kurohwa pamusoro pehurumende mureza anoiswa Republic jasi.

On nguvo maoko Germany akashandisa rakajairika heraldic chiratidzo - chegondo. Eagle mapapiro akadura, asi plumage pairi vertically pasi. Rurimi, nenzara, netsoka dzakapfava uye gondo muromo yakaitwa dzvuku.

Kuitwa anokosha National chiratidzo kwakaitika maitikiro zviviri: chokutanga, muna 1950, kwakasarudzwa chete rondedzero nguvo maoko. Papera makore maviri uye akabvumirwa kuva graphical kuratidzira, kureva. F mufanidzo akaurayiwa maererano kare kugamuchira tsananguro. Sezvo Germany - iri yeUnited zvokuvhoterwa, kuti nyaya imwe neimwe ine yayo maoko maoko, uyewo mumaguta avo pachavo enhoroondo nguvo kwezvombo uye mireza, pane mazana emakore.

vatorwa negwaro

Germany munyika ano anopiwa nzvimbo inokosha kwazvo enyika nyika nhandare. Kufungisisa yevagari, pachiyero zvoupfumi uye uto zvakawanda chinhu chinokosha munyika kuita pasina pfungwa German Choushumiri Foreign.

Germany ndiyo nhengo vakawanda achitungamirira dzomunyika masangano mapoka masangano. Nyanzvi International vanoti, ayo nyika zano hunowirirana norugare uye Humanism, rangarirai mukuru nedambudziko XX remakore, kudzokororwa yawakanga vanhu kana hurumende haadi.
Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kudzivisa nyika kuti Zvinoshingaira mubasa NATO - muchiuto-enyika pamwe - uye kupa nharaunda yayo US uto raskvartirovki. Kuwedzera kune izvi, Germany rave azere nhengo kirabhu nemasimba zvenyukireya, kuubvumira kutora nguva dzose wakapindwa UN Security Council, iyo, akavapindurawo, inopa zvinokosha zvakanakira kuti lobbying zvido enzvimbo boka German.

rugare zvirongwa

Kunyange zvazvo Germany uye ane mumwe wemauto simba kupfuura munyika, nzvimbo kwayo anopindura zvikurukuru nokuda yose runyararo zvirongwa pamusoro ruyamuro rubatsiro nyika inonzi Third Renyika. Germany, ane jogirafi ndokuita yokuchinja netsika, vakawanda nemitambo vapoteri vaibva anorwisana munzvimbo uye anopa pamwe yakawanda rubatsiro kune vaya vakasarudza kusiya nyika musha wavo. Upenyu yomukati-enyika iri zvikuru sei mukudyidzana nezvimwe zvisikwa nezvatinovavarira mapati, uye ichi ndicho chinokosha chaizvoizvo, kunyanya, uye international wenyaya yacho. Nokuda ichi, Germany ndiyo kushingaira mutsigiri zvezvakatipoteredza vakaedza kurwisa kwazara shanduko uye migumisiro maindasitiri kusvibiswa.

Weighted kwezvakatipoteredza mutemo munyika rinobvumira kunonyanyisa zvaizopedza asina kunaka kunoita vakawanda maindasitiri emakambani, izvo pasi pakuomerera kudzora nokuda vehurumende uye asiri mubereko nemasangano dzezvakatipoteredza. Germany ndiye mumwe wavatungamiri mumunda yepamusorosoro renewable simba, iyo inenge yashandiswa private uye bhajeti mari chinokosha. Uyewo chinokosha ndechokuti yakanakisisa zvikwata kwesayenzi munyika yacho pamwe nemasangano dzakawanda kushanda kutanga zvakawanda yepamusoro ruzivo kuti simba kugadzirwa.

Chinonyanya kukosha zvinhu

Kuti muchidimbu, zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti ine simba upfumi, mberi sainzi, dzidzo oornag utano hazvina zvichikwanisika pasina zvakanaka kushanda paruzhinji masangano, dzakanga dzakavakwa muGermany nokuda vagari kwemakumi emakore.

State uye vagari kunyatsotevera kushanda kusika mundima dzavo kupfuura hwomutambarakede ezvinhu uye guta kwevanhu inonyanya kukosha yose nyika.

Hurumende German anonzwisisa kuti pasina kuchenjerera kuteerera zvinodiwa vanhu havagoni kuva inogona kuenderera mberi youpfumi uye tsika chinhu chinokosha muupenyu hwomunhu. Hazvina mafungiro ichi kune vagari anobvumira Germany kugara pamusoro zvinzvimbo dzakawanda kuera husingatsigirwi zvoupfumi.

The rinopindirana kukura nzanga uye hurumende zvibvire chokuti Germany - nomutemo democratic mamiriro pamwe yakazvimirira edzimhosva uye hurumende, vari hanya zvinotarisirwa vemo.