Folk nezvirahwe vana. Russian zvavo nezvirahwe

Nokuti mawindo 21, asi unogona kunzwa vanhu kuparidzira mumwe tichibatsirwa chevarwere uchenjeri, ine kare. "Kurumidzai anoita dongo" - saka vanoti bustler. "Zvino mukadzi wekare ndiyo proruha" - vanhu anonyaradza saka uyo akatadza.

Zvirevo, mashoko, nezvirahwe - nhaka kuti zvitange nomuromo nhasi apo kukurukurirana uye kunyora mabhuku uye mabhuku. Uye zvichava saizvozvo chero vapenyu mutauro wayo vakurukuri.

Kusiyana of dambanemazwi

Chirahwe - rudzi chakajairika kutaura, chikuru mirayiridzo iyo - achibatsirwa nemifananidzo nemadimikira kuti uropi kufunga uye kushanda imaginatively. Inokudziridza masimba pakuongorora, zvakafanira kana kuverenga nyika nevana, uye anoramba Kujeka pfungwa nedzevakuru.

Hazvizivikanwi chaipo apo dambanemazwi akaonekwa. Izvi pevairwara Genre ichiri kushandiswa kurovedza uye dzidzo yevana vari kindergartens uye panguva mabhuku zvidzidzo muchikoro, uye naizvozvo kukanganisa kwayo pamusoro ehupfumi vechiduku pfungwa zvakafanana panguva apo ayo ane nzira mubvunzo akabvunza vafambi sphinx.

Modern vanachiremba vanoti rondedzero kana guessing nezvirahwe ikabuda vana chirungamutauro uye fungidziro. The pfuma ngano iyi duku siyana zvinoratidza chero chinhu chine mazita kunaka kufanana dzavo kana kusawirirana kuti nevamwe kwaari, kumanikidza vana kuti vafunge pamusoro kubatana pakati mananara munyika chaiyo.

Kuwana mhinduro chirahwe hwapedyo kugona:

• kuti mhedziso zvavo uye kuongorora;
• wedzera zivo chokwadi;
• kuvandudza ndangariro;
• kutanga kutaura uye fungidziro.

Folk nezvirahwe kuratidza vana zvizere kudzama kwakaita uchenjeri kumadzitateguru avo uye dzidza kukoshesa basa ravo.

Nyaya dzekare

Somugumisiro, mashoko Puzzles kare kwaiva kunobatsira kuti pfungwa bvunzo kukura. Vakanga aishandiswa nevapristi muIjipiti yekare, achibatsirwa dzavo vanoziva magamba wechokwadi muGirisi yekare, havana kupfuura uye necheSalvic tsika.

Zvisinei padanho kukura yebudiriro kwevanhu, vanhu vaigara mumakondinendi siyana uye mazera akasiyana, akasika Puzzles vari chaizvo saizvozvo neizvozvi. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti vanhu nguva dzose kunyatsotevera uchiona nyika yakavapoteredza uye akaenzanisa Chiitiko kuitika mairi.

Folk nezvirahwe - wose rukoko nhoroondo netsika uye zvinotendwa nevanhu. Somuenzaniso, kusvikira zvino handina yakasvika mumwe wemibvunzo iri sphinx pamusoro anofamba pamusoro makumbo mana mangwanani, masikati musi - maviri, uye pakuvira kwezuva - zvitatu. Maererano nengano, akauraya vanhu vazhinji vachiedza zvokufungidzira nayo.

Kushandiswa nezvirahwe

Munguva dzekare, vanhu kazhinji kushandiswa zvinofananidzira kuti vazvidzivirire, misha yavo nezvipfuwo kubva zvakaipa ziso. Vavhimi, vachipinda musango mhuka, vanoshandisa mutauro nezvirahwe kuti aiti "mikombe" pachine kwete manzwira zvirongwa zvavo uye vasina vaenda kune dzimwe nyika muchivande.

Vatengesi, jesters uye buffoons vachishingaira kushandiswa Puzzles kuti vazvidzivirire kubva nemidzimu yakaipa. Russian chevarwere nezvirahwe, Somuenzaniso, vakanga kare bvunzo nzira muuto nguva varwi uye runyararo - Grooms uye vakomana.

Munhau yekare vokuGermany uye Scandinavians, pane uchapupu hwokuti paiva tsika: mufambi aigona kuwana usiku, chete zvokufungidzira chirabwe. The Slavs vekare vaiva manheru unokosha wakaitwa kuwa yechando, apo basa rakanga mumunda. The musha wose vakaungana mune pakukura mukamba, vakadzi vakakosa uye nomusoni, varume pakugadzira zvokushandisa uye vana makumi ruzivo uye vechidiki kuti unyanzvi.

Kana nyaya vakabvunzwa Puzzles (vanhu Russian), pamwe nemhinduro vakanga muchichinjana. Akahwina kupfuura akangwara uye kunyatsocherechedza. Nenzira iyi, vakuru vakachenjera kukurudzira vechiduku pfungwa kukudziridza, kuongorora uye mundotarisisa nyika.

Up kusvikira mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19 yaiva tsika, kana Vasikana havana kumurega murume nevashandi vake kusvikira kufembera ose Puzzles nazvo. Mazuva ano achabatira Genre vachishingairira kushandiswa kutanga kufungidzira, ndangariro uye akataura zviri kuenda kukireshi uye mangwanani chikoro zera.

zvirevo

Nhasi zvirevo mavambo nyaya aifarira kutoti nyanzvi dzemitauro uye nyanzvi netsika, kunyange vari kushandiswa pakutaura kwake, zvinenge zvose, kunyange kukunetsa kuti uzive chii chaiva chikonzero nezvechitarisiko chavo. Uye zvinoitika kuti hwaro vakawanda vacho kongiri nhoroondo zvinhu kana akataura kuti vanhu yakadzika, nenzira yakadaro kubudisa uchenjeri hwake kumarudzi namarudzi.

Tsumo - chete pfupi ndeyokufananidzira mabhuku chimiro dambanemazwi, asi ane anorayiridza chinangwa. Kazhinji zvinofanira kuva senhetembo, asi unorema mutoro wayo - rudzi muduku kudzidziswa uye kuchinjwa hwake ruzivo. Somuenzaniso, "huku vasati vakarangana," akadaro mumwe munhu kutanga chero basa, ndiko kukurumidza anoti kunobatsireiko kana kubatsira achapora pazviri.

Proverbs nezvirahwe vaiva kufundwa pairi akure zvizvarwa zvizhinji vana.

mashoko

Ndiyo imwe mhando zviduku mabhuku siyana, chinangwa chikuru chiri kuratidza upenyu chero chokwadi kana chinoshamisa. Shoko asina zvakakwana, asi zvinotora yayo ichipinzwa mariri. Somuenzaniso, kana mutongo zvinoreva kuzadzika kwezvipikirwa, kazhinji kushandisa mashoko okuti "kana kenza paGomo svisnet", zvichireva kuti munhu shoko rake asinganyimi.

Chirevo haana anoparidzira. Its basa - kuchinjirwa zvaanoreva ane zvakawanda fungidzira uye chaiwo okuti. Unogona Somuenzaniso, kutaura "akanga akadhakwa", asi mashoko okuti "hazvina kusunga bast" rinoratidzira nani ukuru kudhaka.

How chidzore pfungwa V. zvirevo I. Dal, ndiye "rokufananidzira rokuti anonyengedzera kutaura, kupfuura mutongo pamusoro chinonakidza kana chinhu."

The kwaita zvirevo uye mashoko

Kufanana nezvirahwe, zvirevo uye mashoko - mugumisiro emakore ruzivo vanhu vazhinji. inotungamirwa yavo yakatanga kubuda mutauro. Somuenzaniso, pamusoro wokutanga zvirevo Russian anotaurwa "zvakaedza zvekare Years" Nestor sahwira. Rinotaura nokuumbwa Kievan Rus kubvira panguva pakusikwa kwenyika kusvika 1117 BC. e.

Somuenzaniso, pane zvinotevera mitsetse: "Uye pane kutaura muRussia nhasi - akafa obry". Zviri pamusoro sei rudzi Dulebs aparadze vamanikidzi vavo obrov: "No ivo kana rudzi kana mwana." Chirevo ichi unoshandiswa apo akasvika rufu mhuri yose.

Kunyange muzana remakore rechi9 muna Kievan Rus akashandisa mashoko, zvaibva wechihedheni necheSalvic nguva kana nekufambisa mashoko pamusoro munhau uye dzavo nhengo, izvo kuzivikanwa nhasi. Somuenzaniso, achiti "mai nyorova pasi" (vaHedheni akafuridzira hunhu), achiti "mhumhi apinda tsika kuti makwai eboka, zvichaita kuti zvose makwai" (saka kutaura drevlyans pamusoro Prince Igor, hodivshem kwaari kakati yehondo).

zvirevo zvizhinji yakaunganidzwa pamwechete mumazuva serfdom, zvino yaenda zvayo yepakutanga zvinoreva, asi akagamuchira matswa. Somuenzaniso, "Herino kwauri, Ambuya, uye St. George Day!" Vanoti, kana netarisiro havana akasangana. The kwokutanga ukoshi kwakakonzerwa ndechokuti rimwe zuva gore (St. George), mumwe serf aibvumirwa kuenda mumwe tenzi. By chirevo Borisa Godunova kodzero iyi yakaguma, uye vose akavakirirwa midzi shure namapoka avo.

Miti iri Genre, kufanana Puzzles, zvakawanda misoro chokuita zvinenge zvose zvakasikwa uye nzvimbo hwevanhu.

Themes uye mhando zvavo nezvirahwe

Russian zvavo nezvirahwe nhasi inogona Classified kupinda marudzi anoverengeka. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• zvinofananidzira - "Nokuti rima mumasango swans maviri akatamba" (mhete).
• Description - "pachake suduru, uye musoro hari" (samovar).
• mubvunzo - "Ko munyika yose zvinotapirawo?" (hope).
• majee - "Ko chitsuwa anotaura pamusoro saizi yake" (Yamal).
• ne nhamba - "6 tsoka, 2 misoro uye 1 muswe" (pamabhiza).

Nezvirahwe vanhu vanogona kukamurwa wemisoro:

• "Man";
• "Natural chaiyo";
• "Imba, koteji";
• "Mhuka dzomusango nezvipfuwo";
• "Yard";
• "Nezvipembenene";
• "Garden, bindu kicheni";
• "River mvura";
• "Forest";
• "Munda, kumafuro";
• "Profession, kushanda";
• "Bird";
• "Fairy-ngano mabhii";
• "Sky".

Kutaura zvazviri, vaya vangave zvikuru. In zvose nyika venyika vane Puzzles zvavo Somuenzaniso, muna Europe anozivikanwa chinyorwa akaunganidzwa, rinosvika makore 1,000. Uyu chokwadi ndiye mumwe mukuru mabhuku Genres.

Puzzles vana pamusoro pezvisikwa

The kupfuura mukurumbira Russian zvavo nezvirahwe vana zvatsaurwa nechisikirwo uye murume. Izvi zvinonzwisisika, nokuti vanhu refu akatarira sezvo avo vakavakomberedza, uye munoziva kuongorora zvose zvakavapo kuitika kumativi uye maitiro evamwe.

Roti vanhu vekare pamazuva akare kwaiva kudzidzisa vechiduku uchenjeri hwenyika uye ruzivo rwenyika. The yakanakisisa chishandiso ichi pane vanhu Puzzles kuti vana, hazvina panguva iyoyo. Intuitively, vanhu vakaziva: kupa vana pfungwa dzakaoma mabasa, saka vanoita kuti yokucherechedza uye savvy. It yakatanga rokusika mafungiro, uye vana vari kupinda nani kupinda musimboti zvakasikwa. Somuenzaniso:

• "The ndachena vhudzi sekuru pamasuo maziso ose Zavoloka" - inoratidza Ruvara bvungapfunga.
• "Multi-mavara rocker akarembedza pamusoro rwizi" - inotiratidza chimiro nomuraraungu.

• "Kunyange zvazvo chando uye chando, uye kana ichitapira kure, misodzi pakudurura" (chando) - chando zvinonyauka echando uye pfuma.

Nenzira iyi, vakuru vakadzidzisa vana teererai unhu mumwe nomumwe chakajairika uye maitiro nayo.

Puzzles vana vavanhu

Observation akanga yo dzedunhu Russian vanhuwo zvavo. Kubudisa inferences kubva ezvinhu ose, namadzibaba edu akasika akakurumbira dambanemazwi. With mhinduro Kwapera vakanga rakabudiswa kuunganidza vana nokuparadzira uchenjeri mazera akasiyana dzimwe nyika dzakapararira.

Puzzles vakazvitsaurira kuna vanhu hanya chitarisiko chavo uye ezvinhu, uye mararamiro. Somuenzaniso:

• "Kwamuri, uye vanhu vachinakidzwa kwavari" (zita romunhu).
• "Ko zvokudya kupfuura zvinodiwa mhando?" (Mouth).

• "Unodei - haukwanisi kutenga chii haisi zvakakodzera, kuti varege kutengesa" (yakawanda, asi hapana mari pauduku zvaanoshuva, uye havana chido pakukwegura).

Saka rudzi rwavana vakura ndanyoresa pamazuva akare kuziva pachavo uye kuzivikanwa kwavo. Nhasi, bhuku "Mysteries vanhu Russian» (nemhinduro) Havasi zvishoma dzakakurumbira nevana kupfuura yemabviro nevezera ravo pamazuva akare.

Nezvirahwe zvavo dzechembere

Rungano - mumwe kufarira siyana chevarwere okugadzira zvinhu muvana. anoyemura kwavo vemungano vatambi chamuita mumwe topic - chirahwe pamusoro zvavo dzechembere. Nhasi, unogona kuwana nzira, yakatsaurirwa kuna vose Russian uye dzimwe magamba ikoko.

Vari conventionally vakakamurwa zera:

• Nokuti nepwere - magamba rengano akadai "The Mansion", "Gingerbread Man" uye vamwe. Somuenzaniso: "Munguva duku munda imba, vakawana mairi dumba dondo vanogara nekurarama pamwe: Netsuro, gava, mhumhi uye norushka chete vane yakapwanyika ..." ( "Tower").
• Nokuti vana vakuru kuenda kukireshi uye chikoro zera - magamba rengano "Geese-swans", "The Snow Maiden", "Datya Princess" uye vamwe. Somuenzaniso: "Musikana uyu kutya zuva nokupisa, nokuda kwechando akaita" (Snow Maiden).

Nhasi muzuva Care Centre yakawanda pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna kukura hwokusika mafungiro evana, iro rinoshandiswa chevarwere nezvirahwe nemhinduro (nokuti vana).

Folk mashiripiti munyika yanhasi

Achitonga chokuti mwana vanachiremba vanoti kubatsirawo pamusoro pokumuka nezvirahwe mafungiro uye fungidziro, pamusoro pevairwara uri mhando ichi nguva dzose kudiwa. Nhasi unogona kuwana vanhu kwete chete, asiwo yemunyori Puzzles kuti zvimwe akakodzera vana ano uye vavo pamuviri kwenyika uye bhuku magamba. Somuenzaniso, "Murume mafuta anogara padenga uye ichibhururuka pamusoro payo zvose" (Carlson).