Nobel Peace Prize: pasi. Vakagamuchira Nobel Peace Prize?

Zvichida, asi chido vanhu kuti yokuzviratidza uye anokurudzira kwaita umhare mabasa zvinoshamisa vachingoramba matanho. Pano ndiri vakanonga ne Mr. Nobel mazita uye vakasarudza kusiya mari yavo vazukuru kuti mubayiro naanamai kumira kunze imwe nzvimbo. Iye akavata kwenguva refu munyika musoro uye vanhu kuchiyeuka. Vagari akamirira (vamwe vaizo) apo zvichakurukurwa kwakazosara rombo. Uye vaida vari kuedza, vavariro, kunyange chivande, achiedza kukwira Olympus vakakurumbira. Uye kana masayendisiti uye vaongorori vose zvakajeka - ivo vanogamuchira mibayiro yavo chaiyo nokubudirira uye zvakawanwa, chii kumira kunze Nobel Peace Prize? Vanofarira? Ngatimbotaurei zvazviri.

Ndiani uye chii mibayiro mubayiro?

Pane rinokosha komiti, ane chikuru basa - kusarudza uye uchibvumira
vaida wepamusorosoro mubayiro mumunda. The Nobel Peace Prize ari paakavapa vanhu akasiyanisa vakazvipfigiramo anosimbisa vakachengeteka uye kutsiga munyika. Zvinonzi rakapa pagore. The nzira anotora nzvimbo muOslo, chegumi December. Panguva iyoyowo zvamaronga munhu aikwikwidza anova Kumukundi, anogona zvose masangano dzakawanda uye hurumende. The Charter Committee dzakarongwa. Chero munhu akanga kana ari nhengo Nobel Committee, uyewo anekodzero kuitawo nomination kwacho. Uyezve, ropafadzo dzakadaro Charter anomupa yunivhesiti mapurofesa mune zvematongerwo enyika kana nhoroondo.

Pachavo vakundi Nobel Peace Prize, zvakare, anokwanisa kupa kunoshamisa nenhamba kuti muzadze pamisara yavo. Procedure iwayo democratic. Zvakakosha kuti tuzvikonzero kwavo chaiko. Sezvingatarisirwa, pane kufanira kubiridzira kana kunyengerai. Nominee anofanira kuziva nyika yose. Mabasa munhu akadaro haagoni kuva pakavanda. Chete pachena uye zvazvinoreva chavanhu.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti Nobel Peace Prize, akaberekwa ari mhando "kudzikinurwa." Alfred Nobel aiva nyanzvi, murume nechido uye pikisa. Iye akagadzira uye akasika Dynamite. Zvichikonzerwa kuda kubatsira vanhu muvambi kukudziridza dzinongoitika dzezvimwe, mushoma zvicherwa. Akanga asina pfungwa vanotyisa "nyoka" zvabudiswa munyika. Kuwanikwa ake, Chokwadi, kushandiswa chinangwa chahwo. Just pamusoro zvava akakurumbira (mupfungwa yakaipa) muhondo. Panguva iyoyo, mashoko Dynamite akanga inotyisa uye dzinoparadza zvombo. Zvakare, muvambi kutambura kubva ichi Zvisingatarisirwi Zvinoitika, saka zviri zvakare pachaunga "sukurudza" zvizere. Murume anoda kupa nyika mukana uye inobatsira, rinonzi vanenge muurayi.

Zvairwadza Nobel. In zvaanoda akarayira mamiriro kuisa mubhangi. The akaunganidza mari muzvikamu mashanu, rimwe riri nyaya pagore Kuzivikanwa, musiyano iri pave norugare. The yasara masayendisiti mana aireva chabudirira kunoshamisa kunoguma wefizikisi, kemisitiri, mushonga uye unyanzvi (mabhuku).

Ndiani aiva wokutanga?

Nobel reposed muna 1896. Testament rwakatanga kutakura dzimwe nguva gare gare. Sezvingatarisirwa, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti tiite musangano mabasa, kukudziridza "mitemo" uye "zvinodiwa". Wokutanga Nobel Peace Prize pakaziviswa muna 1901. Paiva vaviri. Izvi vanobvumidzwa. Optionally, yose mari nyaya imwe aikwikwidza. Kana Komiti anowana kuti nhamba yevanhu vakaratidza kugona vakaenzana, kubudirira kwakafanana zvinorehwa zvabuda, vachabviswa paakavapa mubayiro. Muna 1901 vakatanga Frederic Passy uye Jean Anri Dyunan. Vakaita mupiro zvikuru kune pakusikwa zvigadziriswe kunetsana chisarudzo. Passy aishanda yeparamende chechetere. Ake nesimba akasikwa International League Worugare. Dunant vakarumbidza pfungwa kusika International Committee of Red Cross. Sangano iri ichiri kunzi rimwe remasangano kuita munhu anobatsira vanhu basa. Kubvira ipapo, chete mubayiro waiva paakavapa rimwe namakumi maviri murume. The Nobel Peace Prize paakavapa uye seboka miviri. Iye akagamuchira masangano maviri navashanu.

By ani uye icho akagamuchira Nobel Peace Prize?

Laureates, izvo nyora haina kuvanzika voruzhinji, kukonzera siyana siyana mune vanhu mweya. Vamwe vanodavira "njiva dzorugare" izvi, vamwe mhosva mumwe chikonzero kana mumwe. Dzimwe nhengo veruzhinji vanoti vari zvisiri paakavapa Nobel Peace Prize. Laureates (Donongodzo kunosiyana-siyana munyika dzakasiyana) kunge akashorwa zvikurukuru nezvikonzero zvematongerwe enyika.

Pane mazita zvikuru dzichipesana hunhu pamwe mubayiro uyu. Muchiitiko chino, chikamu chimwe vanhu anodavira kuti award vakagamuchira zvakakodzera, mumwe anoramba chokwadi ichi. The ndechokuti sei kurapa migumisiro zvavo mabasa. Pashure pezvose, Somuenzaniso, Gorbachev, Nobel Peace Prize, iyo paakavapa muna 1990, zviri zvakawanda kunonzwisiswa kuRussia uye kunze. KuMadokero, basa rake pamusoro pokuparadzwa "umambo zvakaipa" (USSR) vaiona kunoshamisa, uye pamusoro akazaruka dzezvimwe yaimbopindwa nyika ichi chikuru - chinhu chakaipa kwazvo. The President wenyika Russia rave kunzi chiitiko ichi dambudziko, kureva matambudziko, uyo pakarepo akawira pamisoro vanhuwo zvavo. Zviya, kakawanda nominated nokuti mubairo V. V. Putin. The Nobel Peace Prize haisati akanyorwa mazita pamabasa ake, zvinosuwisa. Ungangove, ichi hachisi rairatidza ukama hwenyika kuti basa rake, sezvo enyika mutambo.

Most Kukudzwa Laureates

Nobel Peace Prize paakavapa nenhamba siyana. Pakati pavo, mumwe ukama dhigirii dzavo akavasunungurira Martin Luther King. Uyu murume mukuru akarwa rusaruraganda. Aiva mufundisi, uye vakatenda kuti zvinokwanisika kuti tisanyanya mananara zvachose murugare, pasina kunobatanidza invasive nzira. mupiro wake democratization of US vanhu ichiri kunzi unbeatable.

Ndizvo chete tinyatsonzwisisa nokubudirira ose Nelson Mandela. Award rakapiwa kwaari muna 1993. Upenyu hwake kuna mukurwira wakaenzana vagari, zvisinei ruvara. Nokuti zvavakambonyora musaruraganda pfungwa akanga makumi matatu akanga voga mutorongo kwemakore, asi haana kukanda mapfumo pasi. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Mandela ainakidzwa incredible kuremekedza vamwe vavo vagari. Makore asingasviki mana pashure pokusunungurwa kwake uye iye akasarudzwa purezidhendi South Africa.

Kana kudzidza vakagamuchira Nobel Peace Prize, iva nechokwadi kuti kumhanya muzita mumwe wezvematongerwo enyika ane basa haakonzeri kutsoropodzwa. Munhu akadaro ndiye Tenzin Gyatso Dalai-Lama. Uyu zvikuru chinoshamisa munhu. Akanga kubvira achiri mudiki akamanikidzwa kufunga utungamiriri yezvokunamata. VaBuddha vanoziva mukomana zimukadzimu wemufi rama. Zvadaro, aifanira kutora, uye basa political nokuda Tibet (gumi). All ake basa hwakavakirwa mutsa, kushivirira uye rudo (kubva mutsara Nobel Committee). Zvinofanira akawedzera kuti aisagona kubvumirana nemashoko Chinese Government. Zvino mupenyu uye anopedza pfungwa dzake muutapwa.

Zvakaratidza, kwete nyore!

Kune yakanyanyisa nharo vakundi iyi yakakwirira mubayiro. The Committee Kakawanda kushorwa kungokurumidza politicized. Vagari yaimbova Soviet Union mufananidzo uyu unoita sokuti Mikhail Gorbachev. The Nobel Peace Prize akanga paakavapa uye vakadaro nharo mashoko nyika voruzhinji sezvo Yasser Arafat. Mutongo uyu Committee anonzi scandalous, pamusoro nhandare kuti Kumukundi haana kuramba nzira uto yekuwana zvinangwa zvavo. Nekuda kwake, vachirwa kwete chete, asiwo kwemagandanga. Iye akadanidzira chinangwa chake kuparadza imwe rwose changamire (Israeri). Ndizvo pasinei Arafat wakarwira zvinakire vagere Middle East, akanga paakavapa musoro norugare kwakaoma. Chimwe gakava nhamba Barack Obama. The Nobel Peace Prize paakavapa kwaari 2009. Zvinofanira akati kuti Committee aifanira aine yakawanda norupi pamusoro chisarudzo.

More pamusoro Obama

Nyika wokudhinda achiri inopenya maonero kuti US President paakavapa "pachine". Panguva iyoyo akanga achangobva vaifungidzira hofisi, asina nouchapupu hazvigoni kusiyaniswa. Uye vakaedza avo uye zvisarudzo akatora ipapo, haitsananguri, yaakanga paakavapa Nobel Peace Prize.

Obama rinoti mutungamiri, yakakanda kupfuura nhamba kurwisana nemauto. Vakatambudzwa zvavo unquantifiable nokuda "vakaberekwa hunhu" pamusoro kwemotokari izvi (izwi akazviratidza achangobva). Aifanira kuita chisarudzo pamusoro kubhomba uye pasi kushandiswa. kutsoropodzwa yake nechisimba weSiria, yokusagadzikana yokuIraq uye Ukraine. Kunyange zvakadaro, Obama akagamuchira Nobel Peace Prize, uye riri pakati vakundi.

Izvi 'upfront mubayiro "anopa kukonzera zvose zvinonyadzisa itsva. Sokusawirirana exacerbation munyika dzine zvimwe vezvematongerwo enyika vari nyasha kudzika mutemo wenyika mubairo. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti munhu asiri rugare maitiro anozvidza yepamusoro shoma. MuRussia, Chokwadi, tenda kuti kupfuura vakakodzera kubhabhatidzwa V. V. Putin. The Nobel Peace Prize anogona paakavapa kwaari achiri kutsungirira sezvo chokwadi, izvo iye anoratidza ari kupedza kurwisana.

nezvemari

Vanhu kazhinji usingamudi pakusvika vakawanda kukudzwa uyu mubairo wayo mari. The Nobel Peace Prize uye chokwadi anogona anopamba zvokufungidzira. Chokwadi kuti mari yose Committee havasi mari masangano. Ivo "kushanda", kuwedzera kukura. Under kuda, mubereko iri muzvikamu shanu. Havasi chete uye vari kuva zvaitoshamisa kukura gore negore. Saka, Verengai wokutanga, anounzwa 1901, akaenzana mana nezviviri zvemadhora. Muna 2003, mari kare vakasvika mamiriyoni 1.35. In saizi yayo kunokanganisa yose upfumi. Mibayiro, iyo inoshandiswa kubhadhara, haagoni chete kuwedzera asiwo kudukupiswa. Somuenzaniso, muna 2007 mari yacho shoma akaenzana mamiriyoni 1,542, uye 2008 "zvakanyunguduka" (mamiriyoni 1,4 emadhora).

Akati zvinoreva anoparadzirwa zvienzane zvikamu zviduku mumapoka vashanu, uye ipapo - nenhamba vakundi maererano nemitemo avo, maererano iyo basa Nobel Prize nyika. How mari yakawanda achaenda kuna mibayiro nerimwe gore - inorondedzera Committee vakatakura akabudisa zvakakodzera Masvomhu ose zvakaoma kubva kuchengetedzeka uye nezvimwe zvinhu.

laureates Russian

VokuRussia chete kaviri mubayiro wokuva yakadaro. Kunze Gorbachev, kukudzwa kwakadaro kwave paakavapa musayendisiti Andrei Sakharov. Hazvina mabasa ake kwesayenzi zvazova chikonzero awarding mubayiro. Sakharov dzevanhu mumiriri murwi pamusoro hurumende. Munguva Soviet, akanga zvikuru vakatsoropodza uye kutambudzwa. Masayendisiti ari kushanda pakusikwa rehydrogen bhomba. Pasinei neizvi, iye waitsigira pachena kurambidza kuidzwa zvombo zvinoparadza, pamusoro maoko nhangemutange. pfungwa dzake dzakanga dzakakurumbira chaizvo munzanga uye haana kufanana mutongo vepamusoro.

Sakharov runoonekwa kuva vaneshungu murevereri wenyika vakatambura pamusana maonero. The Nobel Komiti akashandisa mashoko "ushingi hwavo pakurwisana kwesimba ...". Kunyange zvakadaro, akanga, asi, imwe idealist, murume wakanaka uye kwete hasha (ari netsamba navo). Kupfuura vokuRussia havana kugamuchira soro mubayiro kuti hariti kuti upenyu dzakatsarukana vanhu munyika yedu. Asi, chokwadi ichi chinogona kuonekwa sechinhu enyika kuzvipira Committee, kushandiswa mibayiro mune geopolitical makwikwi.

Vasina kugamuchira mubairo, uye vakakodzera?

enyika dzakawanda vanofunga kuti Mahatma Gandhi kupfuura vamwe vashandi vose anokodzerwa refu mubayiro. Uyu murume aishanda pamusoro sangano hondo pakati maIndia kusvika dzakadzidzvinyirira. Gandhi asina chete kukwira nzira umo simba uye unarmed vanhu akunde hondo vokuBritain, asi ivo vaifanira correlated pamwe peculiarities vechitendero yemo. Nzira iyi yakaitwa navo. Akamuka zita vachikudza nemishonga uye anowanzoshandiswa pari. Mahatma Gandhi akataura komiti kashanu. Chete kwakanga "akakodzera" musarudzo (izvo zvakare zvinogona kutsanangurwa politicization yacho sangano). Zvadaro, machinda basa awarding Nobel Prize, akaratidza kuzvidemba ake pamusoro kuti Gandhi haana kuva weNobel.

Zviitiko Nobel Committee

Pane nhoroondo yesangano zvinhu zvisingatendeseki zvino kuonekwa chete anecdotally. Saka, sezvo imi munoziva, mubayiro uyu haasi uyo nominated mune dzimwe pane Adolf Hitler 1939. The Nobel Peace Prize, sezvinei, hazvina kuwana. Uye hazvisi pamusoro mari. Chii raizova mukurumbira sangano, izvo zvingadai kunzi pave norugare munhu kukonzera kufa mamiriyoni Vagari yedu? Nobel Committee payakaramba mubayiro pamusoro nhandare kuti mutongo Nazi kurapwa vaJudha.

Kunyange zvakadaro, munguva nomination zvinhu vaHitler kutsvaka German intelligentsia zvikuru mberi. Achangobva akasaina guru chibvumirano maviri runyararo, akasimudzira indasitiri kunetseka kukura nesayenzi uye nounyanzvi. Mazuva ano, vanhu vanoziva kuti papi penga uye kusina dzinofunga kuti kunge mubayiro yaHitler. Asi apo vagari Germany vakamuona ave mutungamiriri wechokwadi, kuvatungamirira kuti chiedza choupenyu. Chokwadi, kusvika pamwero wakati, ichi chaiva chokwadi. About vokuGermany, iye nehanya zvechokwadi, chete nevanhu vemamwe marudzi. To mbiri pakati nhengo Nobel dare, vainzwisisa uye akapa nomination zvake mubairo.

seboka laureates

mubayiro uyu katatu paakavapa sangano, imwe nzira kana imwe nechokuita Red Cross. Kana iwe kufungawo rokutanga weNobel - ayo murongi, ina. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti sangano iri dzakawanda, zvirokwazvo akakodzera yakakwirira wakatarwa yakadaro. Vamiririri Its nguva dzose kuwana munda wavo basa. Kana iri nharaunda ne kusawirirana kana matenda, vanowanzoona pachavo pakati, vakatama aida ruoko zvikuru kutsigira varombo pakutambudzika. Nenzira, kamwe akava weNobel of United Nations (2001), kare akacherechedza ayo anochengetedza runyararo simba (1988) uye Refugee Service (1981). Of kwete chaizvo anonyatsozivikanwa makambani-laureates vaigona kunzi International Labor Organization (1969). Ninirai zvichibvira, hatidi kunzwa nezvazvo nokuda chokwadi kuti kubvira ipapo, apo pesvedzero yayo yakanga zvikuru munyika, akakunda mubairo, yaiva yakareba.

Vakundi mikuru mibayiro ichi zvikuru. Mamwe mazita vakapinda nhoroondo ushingi uye ushingi, mumwe - the zvinonyadzisa uye anonyengera. About chetatu regai kurangarira zvachose. Kunyange zvakadaro, vanhu vanoda kuona mubayiro uyu akawira mumaoko here vakakodzera vanhu, pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu enyika.