Ndianiko mutungamiri? Mufananidzo mutungamiri enyika uye mashandiro

No Social boka hakusi pasina munyika marongerwo uye Kusiyanisa, umo aunonyanya kudzorwa uye dzinodzorwa pamwero yakasiyana-siyana. The dingindira iri nyaya kunokanganisa soro kwevari evanhu chepiramidhi. Tichataura pamusoro ndiani mutungamiri ndiani uye chii zvayo ushande.

utungamiri Fani

chisikwa chose panyika vanhu kare chikamu munhangemutange inonzi upenyu. Hezvo mberi, pane vaenzi. Zvisinei, vakawanda vanoda kuva achitungamirira, zvachiri sechiratidzo nokubudirira hwake. Ndianiko mutungamiri paupamhi uye yakamanikana pfungwa yeshoko? Izwi pacharo rinoshandurwa kubva Chirungu rinoreva "kuenda mberi", "kutungamirira". Kazhinji, ndiye munhu kana boka revanhu vanomhanya vamwe vanhu. Vanachiremba vakaona kuti hapana evanhu munharaunda havagoni kurarama refu vasina kwete govera anotungamirira vepamusoro, ane simba kunozivikanwa zvose uye takagadzirira kuzviisa pasi. Fani iyi ndiyo handivo voga dzevanhu marudzi, asiwo vazhinji mhuka marudzi. Saka, tinogona kufunga kuti utungamiri kutanga zvipenyu zvenyika.

Pfungwa hweutungamiri kukura

Kunyange zvazvo vakawanda munhau hunoitwa vanhu vazhinji, mune nemabhuku emabasa nhoroondo akanyorwa mazita kunyanya vaya vaiva emagetsi pfungwa uye kufemera vamwe namaoko. Nikkolo Makiavelli kokutanga akabhadhara tikanyatsoteerera kwakadaro nenhau ari mutungamiri uye chii unhu anofanira ive. Mubhuku rake "The Kesari," akanga yafambira vatungamiri Ages Europe, iro vakakwanisa kuzadzisa chinangwa chavo, pasinei nzira uye unyanzvi. Vamwe akakwana kuonekwa ichi mutungamiri enyika Fridrih Nitsshe. Ndiye anomira pamusoro kwakajairika dzetsika, anokwanisa transcend zvose munzira kuenda aida. Sayenzi yemazuva enyika chinotarisa anonyanya somutungamiri nomuenzaniso, zvose mune chimwe chikonzero. Somuenzaniso, panguva Second World War mwanakomana Iosifa Stalina yakatorwa. The murayiro German yave aida kuchinjana musungwa uyu Paurosi, vakazvipira pa Stalingrad. Stalin, ave mutungamiriri wechokwadi, haana kuenda mukutsinhana kwakadaro, achipindura kuti masoja ari kumunda achaunganidza handishanduki. Zvakanga Chisarudzo yakaoma, iyo rinorambidza rufu rwomwanakomana wake, asi baba vake havana kutora zvikuru sezvo musoro nyika hombe.

utungamiri mhando

Ari Mupfungwa yakazara govera yakarongwa uye yakajairwa vatungamiriri. Wekutanga kuva pamutemo mamiriro ukuru, apo wechipiri, kunyange pasina iye, ndiye simba guru nokuti boka, pane mukuru musoro. Kusiyanisa zvinotevera mhando utungamiri:

• Traditional - maererano mavambo yakasimbiswa tsika;
• Rerunziro - inobva nomumwe unhu wacho uye yezvaakaita, runopfuura chiremera vanhuwo zvavo;
• democratic - pahwaro mutemo yaivapo.

A ano mutungamiri enyika vanogona kuvaka ukama hwavo vanhu kwakavakirwa zvegutsaruzhinji, udzvinyiriri kana anomanikidza utungamiriri.

Unhu mutungamiriri wechokwadi

The musoro - hazvina chete yakakwirira ropafadzo kuti munzanga, asiwo basa vaya vanouya vanomutevera. Saka, havasi vose anokwanisa kuita mashandiro anoita mutungamiriri enyika. Vagari pane mufananidzo mutungamiri. By neunyanzvi hweutungamiri zvinosanganisira basa, kuzvipira, kugona kufuridzira, funga unyanzvi prognostically, administrative, hunhu simba uye aikwanisa. Hungu, munguva yedu remakore pragmatic mufananidzo enyika womutungamiri wakakwana pasina ichi chinyakare zvinoriumba kuti chinobata vanhu sezvo kana ndisingadi, uri subconscious chechetere. Ungati kuti dzimwe nguva kudarika mamwe dhigirii dzose mumiriri.

mufananidzo kusikwa

Mune zvematongerwo kurwirana utongi rinobatanidzwa kwete chete munhu mumwe, uye chikwata chake yose - inotevera ose vakavimba masangano kutsigira uye ndinosika mufananidzo mutungamiriri enyika. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo kukosha, pasinei vakawanda vachidavira kuti munhu wakanaka, uye nokudaro vanhu kunze. Zvinosuruvarisa, kambani pfupi anoona zvakanaka, anofanira nenzira nyore nzira yokuratidza kuti imwe mushandi akakodzera chivimbo chavo, uye kukwanisa tuzvikonzero. Uyezve, vatungamiriri vechokwadi havasi zvikuru. Tichifunga kuitika evanhu kunzwisisa sei kuva mutungamiri, nokusika mufananidzo-anotyisa rezvematongerwo enyika isangano. Basa iri rinosanganisira pakasikwa chitarisiko, vachikuya kutaura, kugona kuzvibata, diction, mitambo, unyanzvi uye zvakawanda. Saka, mufananidzo enyika womutungamiri angangova kuva chinhu goko uye Kunyepa, uye anogona zvakanaka kusimbisa chiremera wacho, zvichiita kukwezva mufananidzo vavhoti.

Simulator uye populist

Kune enyika vari chokwadi vatungamiriri, vatungamiriri vamwe zvikamu vanhu kana yose vanhu, uye kune vaya chete anonyepera vari. Ekupedzisira vanonzi vatevedzeri, kana populists. Sezvo pane misiyano, kunyanya mu richipisa musarudzo, ndiani mutungamiri? The Simulator anoti ari neramangwana zvabuda, nokuti pakarepo purofiti. lzhelider ichi zvikuru uye achida kupa vimbiso zvikuru, kunyange zvose kamwechete, pane zvakakomba kufunga mamiriro ezvinhu uye inopa zvakanakisisa nzira. Nokuti kunze populist inokosha kupfuura yomukati kugutsikana. Kazhinji anoshandisa kururama nzira enyika gakava, hakuvaki kutsoropodzwa vavengi pasi makuhwa. Chaiwo chete zvakakomba vaitaura kuita.

Zvinosuruvarisa vashandi izvi kazhinji vanotsigirwa nevanovhota, iyo inoitwa musi nevimbiso nokukurumidza uye zvakananga kugadzirisa zvose. Zvisinei, tsika iyi zvinotungamirira kuwedzera kusavimba pakati vanhu vari muzvikoro hweruzhinji.

Basa mutungamiriri enyika

enyika mutungamiriri mashandiro vari siyana chaizvo uye anokosha. Kutanga, rinobatanidza nzanga, kana chikamu chayo kumativi zvakajairika pfungwa uye zvinangwa. Chechipiri, kuti jenareta anoita sezvo inokosha zvinangwa munzanga kukura, uye anoisa mberi okukurira kuzadzisa. Chechitatu, achikurudzira vanhu kuti mabasa ari kupiwa mirayiridzo. Wechina, kutaurirana pakati pavabati uye nzanga, inotsigira chibvumirano rehurumende.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti paruzhinji zvaunotarisira mutungamiri anofanira kururamiswa. Kana asingadi uye haagoni kutsanangura nei, nokukurumidza anotarisana kwete chete kusavimba asiwo mafungiro utsinye kudivi nevanovhota. Rangarirai vanofara yamakava, "Akela akaita ndakarovha?"

political guta

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha unhu zvinoitwa paruzhinji Mutungamiri guta rake enyika. Rinoreva kuita munzvimbo bhora, izvo zvinosanganisira chinzvimbo, nzvimbo yakatorwa akakurumbira chisarudzo, akaruramiswa Zvaifungidzirwa, muchidimbu, zvose anogona kuratidza ake unyanzvi nyanzvi uye basa. guta iri vaunganidza kwenguva refu, asi inogona akapambadza mune pfupi nguva nokuda kururama vakasarudzwa nzira kana kusarudza. nhamba dzakadaro inonzi enyika chitunha. Saka, vazhinji vatungamiri ezvematongerwo enyika kuti dzakatangira mune 90s uye kwakakurumbira chaizvo munguva yake, panguva vasina enyika uremu kana mukurumbira. Ivo, pasinei nokuedza zvose kupinda Duma sarudzo vanorasikirwa pasarudzo. Naizvozvo, enyika ose anofanira kuziva basa uye pamigumisiro chero zvayo zvipikirwa uye mhinduro.

The nzira poutungamiriri

Vakawanda vanoverenga nyaya ino, mubvunzo angamuka: "sei kuva mutungamiri?" Panyaya iyi, zvakakodzera kupfupisa yakakurumbira aphorism - regai musava vatungamiriri, vatungamiriri vanozvarwa. Nei zvakadaro chaizvo? Vazhinji vatsvakurudzi kuti nyaya iyi vanoti tinozvarwa unhu kuridza basa rinokosha kukura avo unhu kuti anodiwa kuita basa maneja, anotungamirira evanhu mapoka.

Chekutanga, remangwana mutungamiriri anokudzwa vanoshingaira chinzvimbo uye yakakwirira mwero sociability. Chechipiri, zvinokosha chaizvo unyanzvi evanhu zvinhu masangano akasiyana-siyana, unyanzvi pachena basa panguva dzakasiyana siyana. Chokwadi, haugoni kuenda pose uye kubva dzidzo. Munyika dzokuMadokero, pane chinokosha zvikoro, kubva iyo yemberi voruzhinji uye vakuru vehurumende. In mhedziso, tinoona kuti ani maneja somutungamiri rokutanga panzvimbo zvakakomba uye anoshanda nesimba uye anoisa basa rakakura vake pasi.