Eduard Shevardnadze: Biography, political basa, mapikicha, chinokonzera rufu

Muna 2014, akafa President of Georgia, uye mumazuva Soviet Union - Minister Foreign. Aiva nemakore 86 okuberekwa, uye zita rake raiva Eduard Shevardnadze. munhu uyu ichakurukurwa pazasi.

Koshanda

Eduard Shevardnadze, ane mapikicha vari munyaya, akaberekwa muna 1928. Zvino zvakaitika Georgia, mumusha Mamati. Mhuri Eduard Shevardnadze akaberekwa, raiva guru uye akapfuma chaizvo. baba vake akashanda ari mudzidzisi pachikoro mutauro Russian uye mabhuku, uye Edward nemakore gumi moonlighting ari positimeni.

Panguva chisimba udzvanyiriri muna 1937 baba Edward akapukunyuka nokusungwa nokumuvanzira kubva NKVD. Akaponesa upenyu nhengo mudonzvo vanhu Commissariat, vakambotadza akanga adzidza. Edward pachake wakanyoresa muchikoro zvokurapa, kwaakanga kudzidza pamwe chinokudza. Asi okurapa akabayira ake rezvematongerwe, iro rakatanga pamwe pambiru yabva munyori Koshanda. Basa rake kwakasimbiswa nokukurumidza, uye mumakore 25, akava munyori Kutaisi City Koshanda Committee yokutanga.

Mune ramangwana, zvichaita kutora pashure maitiro wechiduku wechiGeorgian kuti mushumo Khrushchev ari pakati XX Congress of Party. Tbilisi vatsigiri akatsutsumwa kutanga pamusoro hasha debunking kuti Stalin unhu chitendero. Somugumisiro, guta uye mauto vaishandisa simba, dzikavauraya vanhu 21 vakanga hwakatangwa. Kutaisi akagara pamusoro pakachengeteka ichimirira kubva nenyonganyonga. Hazvibviri kutaura chaizvoizvo sei izvi akaita basa Eduard Shevardnadze, asi iye kwaitsigirwa. Papera gore akanga atova ndokunanga Koshanda yose Republic of Georgia.

Anti-uori kuitwa

Kubva kuhofisi Secretary Shevardnadze Eduard Amvrosievich akatamisirwako muna 1968 kusvika pambiru gurukota Internal Affairs Republic. Kudivi rimwe, ichi chaiva kuwedzera, asi zvakananga. It yaivapo administrative midziyo simba Soviet pamusoro dzisina mitemo, maererano izvo General basa zvinzvimbo mapurisa ndeyekupedzisira padariro basa, nekuti kare mutemo haana rakashandurwawo. Saka, nzvimbo iyi yakanga akafa magumo tichitarisa basa kukura. Asi Shevardnadze Eduard Amvrosievich, ane Biography rizere kunonakidza dzinokanganisa uye majana, akaita akakwanisa kubuda ichi ezvinhu.

Chokwadi chokuti Soviet Caucasus nharaunda yaiva yakaora chaizvo uye akamira pfungwa iyi yaitwa zvose, zvakare kumbonaka, Union. Anti-uori chirongwa raparurwa nesangano Kremlin, yaida vaaivimba vanhu, kwete yakasvibiswa mukurumbira wake. Asi Shevardnadze Chinongova mukurumbira wakadaro uye akanga, sezvo akaudzwa Brezhnev. Somugumisiro, akanga akatuma kurovedzwa basa kumunyori Tbilisi City Committee yokutanga. Kwapera gore, muna 1972, rinotungamirirwa reRepublic. Zvisinei, vana chete papera makore, akava nhengo muCentral Committee of CPSU, iyo akaiswa kwaari pabasa. Mugumisiro wokutanga Five-Year Plan yokudzivisa uori Shevardnadze aiva kudzingwa vanenge zviuru makumi mana vanhu. Mhosva pasi pemurairo iyi nyaya yaiva 75% - vanenge makumi matatu nezviviri.

Nzira chinorwisa chiokomuhomwe, rinoshandiswa Eduard Shevardnadze, Biography wake hwakachengetedza kuonga navanopinda wavakamborara munzanga resonance. Somuenzaniso, pane imwe misangano vokuGeorgia Central Committee, akakumbira vakaungana machinda aenzanisire wristwatch. Somugumisiro, pamwe Kusara vachangobva vagadzwa pambiru wokutanga munyori wake "Kubwinya" vaizvininipisa vaiva zvose zvakakurumbira uye anodhura "Seiko". Pane imwe nguva, wakarambidza basa tekisi, asi mumugwagwa achiri akazviratidza azere mota pamwe noruzhinji zvinhu. Zvinokosha kucherechedza, nekuti vakasiyana ino nguva private kutakura semhosva unearned mari uye mhosva.

Zvisinei, kuti chose kubvisa chiokomuhomwe kubva svikiro kuzvidzora chikwata kwakakundikana. Pakati wongororo iyi nguva panewo vanodana kwaari zvose mabasa ane France, somugumisiro iyo vamwe mbavha vakatora nzvimbo nevamwe.

political mukana wokushandiswa

Shevardnadze Eduard Amvrosievich kunyanya yakakurumbira pakati Vagari reRepublic kuwanwa muna 1978, uye chikonzero chaiva enyika kupesana pamusoro mutauro unonyanya. Zvinhu zvakanga zvakadaro kuti nyika nhatu chete muSoviet Union vakanga pamutemo mamiriro mitauro yavo National mutauro. Georgia aiva pakati pavo. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzose Soviet Union, pfungwa mutauro wehurumende haana chinyatsotsanangurwa muBumbiro reMitemo. Munguva kuitwa hutsva shanduro Constitution takasarudza kubvisa chikamu ichi, uye akapa ose zvokuvhoterwa wacho mukuru tsika. Zvisinei, pfungwa vaisafanira kuravidza vagari vemo, vakaunganidza pamberi chivakwa hurumende ine rugare ratidziro. Eduard Shevardnadze pakarepo akasimuka nemapiyona muMoscow uye Brezhnev pachake nechokwadi kuti nechisarudzo ichi zvinofanira kumbosiyiwa. Haana kuenda munzira, zvaizivikanwa vakuru veSoviet, nokuda kwemashoko Party. Asi, mutungamiriri akaita zvokuvhoterwa akaenda kuvanhu uye akati nenzwi guru: ". Zvose zvichava Sezvamunoda" It kakawanda akamutsa rayo kureva uye akawedzera uremu mumaziso vagari.

Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo, akanga avimbisa pamberi okupedzisira kurwisana ne pfungwa vavengi. Somuenzaniso, anoti kuti mapfupa inochenesa capitalist piggery. Very kumeso Eduard Shevardnadze akataura Moscow kwakaita mitemo uye pachedu pamusoro Shamwari Brezhnev. kumeso kwake zvinopfuura zvose angafungidzirika mwero kunyange yeSoviet. Shevardnadze akataura zvakanaka pamusoro pakatanga Soviet nemauto anokwana zviyero kupinda Afghanistan, achisimbisa kuti akanga "chete dzakarurama" famba. Izvi uye zvakawanda kwakaita kuti chokwadi chokuti Georgian mutungamiri kushorwa kazhinji vakamupomera vemwoyo wose uye nhema. Kutaura zvazviri, izvi chete hakusi kuramba kushanda nhasi, kare pashure Eduarda Amvrosievicha atambura rufu. Shevardnadze muupenyu hwake nzvenga kuvapindura, achitsanangura kuti akanga anonzi haana afarirwe Kremlin, asi akaedza kuumba zvinhu kuti nani kushumira zvinodiwa vanhu.

Zvinofadza kuona chokwadi ichi, sezvo yakaoma nemafungiro Stalin uye Stalin kuti utongi, iyo kutepfenyurwa kwayo wokuti Eduard Shevardnadze. 1984 Somuenzaniso - gore rino kuratidzwa kwe firimu "Kupfidza" by Tengiz Abuladze. firimu iri anogadzirwa muvanhu yakawanda resonance, nokuti apindwa unopinza mhosva Stalinism. Uye ichi mufananidzo yakabuda nokuda pachavo zvinoitwa Shevardnadze.

mubatsiri Gorbachev

Ushamwari pakati Shevardnadze uye Gorbachev akatanga paaiva wokupedzisira First Munyori Stavropol Regional Committee veboka. Maererano netsamba vose, ivo vakataura zvikuru pachena, uye mune imwe kukurukurirana izvi, Shevardnadze akati kuti "zvose zvakaora, zvose unofanira kuchinja." Pasati mitatu gare gare, Gorbachev akatungamirira Soviet Union uye pakarepo yakandikoka Eduarda Amvrosievicha aine panyaya kwaari kutora pambiru gurukota Affairs Foreign. Ekupedzisira akabvuma, uye naizvozvo, pane aimbova Shevardnadze - Georgia kuti mutungamiri Shevardnadze akazviratidza - Gurukota Foreign Affairs of USSR. Kugadzwa ichi akasika furore kwete chete kuRussia asiwo munyika yose. Chekutanga, Eduard Amvrosievich haana nhaka chero mutauro wokumwe. Uye chechipiri, hazvina nhaka chero wokumwe ruzivo. Zvisinei, nekuti zvakafunga Gorbachev, ndiye akanyatsokodzera, nokuti unoenderana zvinodiwa "mafungiro matsva" mumunda zvematongerwo enyika uye nezvibvumirano. Somumiririri, achisimudzira asiri zvetsika nokuti mutemo Soviet: Hazviiti kuramba zvakakwana musingamhanyi-mhanyi, aibvuma vamwe takasununguka.

Zvisinei, iye miscalculated pamwe pachake chikwata yayo, akatsunga kusiya zvose tsvimbo Ushumiri panzvimbo yayo. Shevardnadze vasisaiti vashandi rearrangement, mauri chikwata yekare rakatsemuka kuva mativi maviri. Mumwe wavo akatsigira mukuru webasa mutsva uye takayemura ndeake, tsika, ndangariro uye unhu basa. Zvisinei, vamwe, akamira kupikiswa uye inonzi zvose zvinoita itsva vatorwa gurukota, upenzi, uye iye pachake - Kutaisi Koshanda.

Shevardnadze asingade uto kunyanya. Gurukota Affairs Foreign, kuti pachena kwavo kukuru, vakati kuti mukuru ngozi Soviet vanhu urombo kwevanhu uye kwesayenzi ukuru aikwikwidzana rinoti pane zvombo American uye ndege. Mauto akadaro ukama inozviitira kwete kushandiswa. Nguva dzose kuwana zvose zvavaida, apo Brezhnev uye Andropov utongi, vakuru kubva Bazi Defence akasvika pachena kwandakaita Shevardnadze pokufumura pachena uye kushora ake nesimba zviitiko. Somuenzaniso, muna zvombo Nhaurirano Mikhail Moiseev, Mukuru Staff, akati United States, iyo, mukusiyana kune "eccentric" vamiriri Soviet, ivo zvakajairika.

Apo mauto eSoviet vakabuda Eastern Europe, kuvavenga musoro kushumira Affairs Foreign yakawedzera, nekuti basa mukati Germany kana Czechoslovakia vazhinji akanga kukosheswa chinangwa. Pakupedzisira, musangano vakuru Defence Ministry vakarayira kuti hurumende kupa Gorbachev iri kutongwa. Zvadaro, vanamazvikokota vakawanda nharo kuti chikonzero Kremlin kuti hasha mutemo kuCaucasus kuma1990 akanga pachake nezvavasingadi nokuda Shevardnadze Russian nemauto. Uyezve, vateveri vakawanda Soviet ezvinhu tsika ndiyo nzvimbo zvikuru ashatirwa Eduarda Amvrosievicha kuti chokuita West, izvo vakapa haana kuvaona sevavengi uye vakwikwidzi uye ishamwari. Kunyange Gorbachev, pasi kumanikidzwa vasingagutsikani zvakakomba kufunga sei kuchinja mufundisi.

Chokusawirirana Gorbachev

achinje Gorbachev vave havaratidzi kwakaitwa nomenklatura yeSoviet. Active democratization of kwenzanga uye kwezvoupfumi kunoparirwa, uyewo mutemo glasnost wazvakataura pokutsamwa nemishonga. Ultra-vaKomonisiti mhosva Shevardnadze mune zvinenge zvose zvakaitika mumusasa murombo. The yechipiri yezana 80s akacherekedza mitswi, yakabuda noukama pakati mutungamiri Soviet Gorbachev uye Minister Foreign. Mugumisiro ichi chaiva chokuzvidira yokurega romusoro kuBazi Affairs Foreign muna 1990. Uye demarche wake Eduard Amvrosievich nomunhu asina chikwata. Somugumisiro, vamiriri kubva pasi pose wakakwidzwa nokutya, sezvo Gorbachev pachake, uyo aifanira kukumbira ruregerero uye tuzvikonzero nezviito aimbova anokubatsira ake akanga Eduard Shevardnadze. Zvisinei, Biography ake, rinosanganisira yechipiri kuedza kutora nzvimbo musoro Ushumiri Foreign.

Dzokera pambiru mufundisi wokumwe

Zvinozivikanwa kuti chisarudzo kudzokera pambiru musoro Bazi Affairs Foreign haana nyore Shevardnadze. With kuzviita, Gorbachev akataura naye pakarepo mushure kubvuta masimba. Zvisinei, vangakurumidza yakanga kuramba Edward. Zvisinei, kana kuparara Soviet Union akava kutyisidzira chaiyo, iye akabvuma nokukweretesa ayo rubatsiro. Kana muna August 1991 vakarwisa White House, Shevardnadze pakati nevanozvitsigira. Kuvapo kwake kwaiva kubatsira chaizvo kuna Gorbachev sezvo vachiti yose nyika - uye nomenklatura Soviet, uye West - kuti vose vakadzokera pazvigaro zvavo, uye migumisiro yacho kubvuta masimba dzaisvava. Vanhu vazhinji vakatenda kuti Shevardnadze kwete vanofarira USSR, asi chete Georgia. Shevardnadze, zvichipomerwa aida uye zvakasimba kutsvaka pokuwa Union, kuti Republic kuti rusununguko kubva nehurumende Kremlin. Zvisinei, hazvisi - zviri Johani akaedza kurambidza pokuwa USSR uye dzakabatana ichi nesimba. Somuenzaniso, kurega nzendo kose, ndakapedza nguva mune imwe kushanya kune zvokuvhoterwa wacho guru. Akaziva kuti anotonga Russia, inotungamirirwa Boris Yeltsin hakuzovi musha, uye ikoko haana kupa hofisi chinhu nokuti. Asi kuedza ake akanga asina kubudirira. Yose zvayo, kuedza kwake wechipiri kugara vaimbova nzvimbo rwakatora mavhiki matatu chete.

Utungamiriri Changamire Georgia

Kuparara Soviet Union kuti aimbova gurukota makore 63 zvaireva tarisiro youpenyu norugare uye asinganetseki pose munyika. Asi, izvozvo ndizvo zvakataurwa Georgian hurumende tsvimbo yakasarudza kutungamirira mambo Georgia. Zvino muna 1992, pashure sapakuparadzwa Zviad Gamsakhurdia. homecoming ake vomunguva kazhinji zvichienzaniswa ndataura anodana VaViking kuRussia. Chido kuunza zvokuvhoterwa iri revadzidzi zvinoitika kuti kutamba pachisarudzo chake chinokosha nebasa. Asi kuti aite basa iri, akatadza: vokuGeorgia vanhu haina yabatanidza zvakazara. mukurumbira wake munyika yose kwete akamubatsira, asi kupfuura kurwisa zvose simba woisa nezvombo vatungamiriri mhosva. Mushure rokurwa pambiru musoro Georgia, Shevardnadze aifanira kubata kurwisana Abkhazia uye South Ossetia, yakanga kushatiriswa mugadzi ake. Pasi pokudzora muchiuto, uyewo voruzhinji, akabvuma muna 1992 kusuma mauto munzvimbo idzi.

utungamiriri

Shevardnadze akahwina musarudzo kaviri - muna 1995 uye 2000. Vakanga kusiyaniswa navanopinda kumahombekombe, asi haana kuva aiziva gamba renyika. Iye rinowanzoshandiswa vakashorwa kuti kusagadzikana kwezvemari kwayo, utera pachinhu Abkhazia uye South Ossetia, uyewo uori ehurumende midziyo. Kaviri anoita yokuedza. Kokutanga, muna 1995, akakuvadzwa nebhomba rakaputika. Makore matatu gare gare, akaedza kuuraya zvakare. Asi nguva ino, purezidhendi wacho motorcade akauya pasi moto kubva zvigwagwagwa uye girinedhi launchers. The musoro wehurumende akaponeswa chete warrior motokari. About uyo akaita chigaro, harizivikanwi. Muchiitiko chokutanga huru fungira akasungwa Igor Giorgadze, aimbova mukuru Georgian kuchengeteka mabasa. Zvisinei, iye amene, kubatanidzwa kwavo kuedza kuramba nokuvigwa muRussia. Asi pazuva rechipiri yechiitiko nenzira yakasiyana nguva tikaisa mberi shanduro kuti rakarongwa Chechen vapanduki, dzemunharaunda makororo, kushorwa vezvematongerwo enyika uye kunyange Russian GRU.

kurizaina

In November 2003 pakaziviswa kuti mukukunda vatsigiri Shevardnadze pamusana sarudzo dzeparamende. Zvisinei, kushorwa enyika vakaparidza falsification hwesarudzo zvabuda pane chagumbura vakawanda okutsutsumwa. Munhoroondo chiitiko ichi riri chakavezwa sezvo Rose Revolution. Somugumisiro zviitiko izvi, ndakabvuma yokurega pamusoro Shevardnadze. Hurumende itsva akamugadza kuti mudyandigere akaenda vagorarama upenyu hwake achigara mu Tbilisi.

Eduard Shevardnadze: chinokonzera rufu

Apedza basa rake Eduard Amvrosievich July 7, 2014. Akafa ari 87 fung gore upenyu somugumisiro kwazvo uye kwenguva refu chirwere. Tomb Shevardnadze photos riri kumusoro, iri paki nzvimbo dzokugara yake Krtsanisi hurumende muzvina, kwaaigara mashomanana adarika. Panewo guva uye wake.