Voytseh Yaruzelsky: Biography, upenyu pachake uye voruzhinji basa

Musoro Poland, munhu akakurumbira enyika, dzinonakidza munhu Voytseh Yaruzelsky aiva refu uye inonakidza chaizvo upenyu. Muupenyu hwake vaiva rombo rakanaka, kukundikana, kukunda uye zvakawanda zviitiko vari kukosha kwete chete kuti rudzi rwose, asi nokuti nyika yose. Bvunza pamusoro kuti Polyakov Voytseh Jaruzelski, uye kumirira mhinduro yakajeka musoro. basa rake rakanga zvokutadza siyana, kuti awane kuongorora yakajeka. Sezvo nhasi vagere munyika havagoni zvakakwana kuongorora kukosha kuti Poland, vazhinji kupomerwa zvivi zvose. Asi upenyu hwake akakodzera kudzidza zvakawanda hwakadzama.

Family uye muduku

In vokuPoland taundi Curuvija July 6, 1923 mumhuri yomunzvimbo wamambo, chikuru muridzi womunda, akaberekwa mwanakomana Voytseh Yaruzelsky. Mhuri chaizvo vekare mavambo, muna 15-16 emakore fung Jaruzelski madzitateguru zvaiva pakati Vatakuri Slepowron chiratidzo. Wojciech zimbuya chaibatanidzwa akakurumbira Polish yemuna muzita kudzoreredzwa Commonwealth iri tsaru miganhu. Vapanduki vakakundwa 1863, Jaruzelski uye sekuru vake akaendeswa kuutapwa kuSiberia. Gare gare, mhuri vakadzokera kuPoland, asi, zvinoshamisa, nhoroondo yemhuri vaiwanzoti kudzokorora.

Wojciech pauduku akapedza vokuPoland zita, paakanga 5 makore akanga Teresa hanzvadzi duku. Mukomana wakatumwa kuti chikoro vapfumi Catholic pa 6 nemakore, asi muna 1939 mhuri yakatamira Lithuania, uye chaiva urombo sarudzo. Iye chikoro chesekondari jaya harina kuva nguva.

kudhipotwa

Muna 1939, Lithuania somugumisiro chibvumirano pakati USSR uye Nazi Germany yakanga yakatora neDare Soviet Union pamusana chibvumirano pane asiri yaiparadza. Asi panguva German nechisimba kwePoland, hurumende yeSoviet vakasarudza vatadze uye kutumira vakawanda Polish kwamachinda (sezvo vasingavimbiki) kubva kuBaltic States kuSiberia.

Voytseh Yaruzelsky nemhuri yake akasvika Altai. Musoro wemhuri akatumirwa kumusasa muna Altai mudunhu, uye namai vangu nevana vaviri ratapwa ari taiga Turochak apo Wojciech akashanda se lumberjacks. Magariro acho akanga akaoma rinorema Jaruzelski akawana kuti "chando upofu". Asi, panzvimbo netsamba dzake, vanhu veko vari kwazvo kurapwa kudzingwa. Wojciech akadzidza mutauro wokuRussia uye vakachinja mafungiro vanhu Russian. Akarererwa tsika Anti-Russian, uye anorova Altai, akasangana vazhinji vepachokwadi chaizvo vaiedza kuti upenyu nyore kwavatapwa.

Senior Jaruzelski vasingagoni kutakura rinorema basa uye nokukurumidza akafa, Wojciech vakamuviga, wakaputirwa Chifukidziro pachinzvimbo pepanhau "Pravda". Pasina akafa uye mai vake. Hanzvadzi akatumira nherera, uye ramangwana President kwePoland - kunoshanda kuKaraganda. Ikoko aifanira kushanda panguva yangu, apo iye akakuvara musana wake, izvo zvakavaita pacharo sokuti kwoupenyu mukuru.

Hondo Yenyika II

Muna 1943 Voytseh Yaruzelsky nokuzvidira vakapinda muuto mune Navi weboka Polish Kosciuszko. Akadzidziswa ari Ryazan Infantry School uye pachinzvimbo chevatatu refutenendi akaenda mberi. Akatanga aine platoon mukuru uye muna 1945 akava mutevedzeri mukuru tsvimbo njere. Jaruzelski akatora mugove hondo kuti kusunungurwa Warsaw, vakarwa muGungwa reBaltic, ari Vistula, Oder, Elbe. For Valor akagamuchira mibayiro mauto akawanda, kusanganisira aikudzwa mubayiro muPoland - Military Valor (Order Wojenny Virtuti Militari).

upenyu pati

Pashure pehondo, Voytseh Yaruzelsky akasara pamba. Sezvo 1945 iye rinobatanidzwa mukurwisa pachivande sangano "Rusununguko uye Independence", chinangwa chikuru chakanga kundorwa Soviet hurumende uye basa uye kushaya of Red Army kubva munharaunda kwePoland. The sangano aishanda wokuUkraine wakazara vapanduki Army, pamwe Western nyika uye deginamajai aishingaira nokuita pamutemo nezviremera muPoland pamwe vatsigire USSR. Muna 1947 Jaruzelski akabatana Communist Party, izvo papera gore pakuzivikanwa se wePolish United Workers 'Party. Akasarudza kuti kudanwa kwake basa rechiuto uye vakapinda Higher Infantry School, uye ipapo kudzidza kubva Academy of General Staff.

basa nzira

Mushure Academy Jaruzelski nokukurumidza anoenda pamukwidza. First akatora dzidziso nzvimbo panguva Infantry School, ipapo nokukurumidza anova mukuru vemauto masangano dzidzo munyika kwemakore matatu murayiro ane michini kupesana, ipapo inotungamirirwa Mukuru Political Administration kwePoland. Muna 1962 akagadzwa weGurukota Defense, uye 6 Kwapera makore, akava Minister. Nekuda kwake pambiru chikamu kudaro nharo maitiro akafanana nechisimba munyika yacho Warsaw chibvumirano, asi chaizvoizvo Soviet, Czechoslovakia.

Mumakore 70 Minister Jaruzelski akashandisa ashandisazve simba pamusoro akakurumbira hasha. Pakutanga, akapa murayiro kudzvinyirira nokusagadzikana anokonzerwa inosimuka chikafu mitengo. Iye wakapomerwa pakuti kuchengetedzwa mauto airamba ari demonstrators muna Flughafen muna 1970.

Jaruzelski agara aifarira-Soviet yokutungamirira, uye vakabatsira kusimudzira nayo kumusoro. Vanokwanisa anovandudza uye bato basa Wojciech. Muna 1970 Jaruzelski - a kukwikwidza nhengo Politburo, uye kubva muna 1971 - nhengo Politburo of PUWP. Muna 1981, iye akananga neDare Vashumiri People wacho Polish Republic, Zvisinei, munzvimbo iyi, iye kwemwedzi mishomanana.

Panguva achidzora kwePoland

Muna October 1981, Voytseh Yaruzelsky akava murume wechipiri munyika, akatungamirira Central Committee mubato muPoland. Paakava musoro mubato, nyika yakanga ichikura pasocial kusawirirana. Izvi zvakaita kuti vakawanda mabasa "kubatana" mubatanidzwa iyo akadana kubvisa pasi protectorate of USSR. Achipindura, Soviet Union yakanga ichangobva yakadzurwa kune vokuPoland kumuganhu mauto, achiita madzoro itsva nenyonganyonga. Pakadaro, musoro Poland vakawanda vakatya nechisimba munyika yavo, uye saka akasarudza kuisa mutemo wechiuto, urwo rwakatora 2 years. Hurumende yakatanga nokutambudzwa uye kusungwa kurwisa kurovedzera.

Muna 1985, Jaruzelski akava musoro State Council, kureva. E. The chinokosha munhu munyika. Kwemakore maviri akaedza kukurira chinovanetsa, asi ivo chete akakura. Kunze kunetsana uku kwakaita kuti zvoupfumi zvakazokonzerwa dambudziko inotanga kuPoland, uye ichi rakawedzera magariro kusawirirana chete. Voytseh Yaruzelsky akasarudza kutaurirana nenhengo "kubatana", aiva chete mutungamiriri Socialist nyika. Camp, uyo akaita zvakafanana kufamba. Iye akaenda dzinoverengeka zvichemo, izvo vakakumbira vairatidzira, asi hazvina kugadzirisa kusawirirana. The nyika panguva iyoyo aiva mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, iye aiva guru chikwereti kwokunze kuti Soviet Union uye nyika dzokuMadokero, upfumi somugumisiro vakaronga vebasa wapera, kukura kusagutsikana pamwe nematambudziko oupenyu zvavo vomunyika. A "kubatana", inotungamirwa zvaakawanda Walesa anotanga kuuya kwete chete zveupfumi, asiwo enyika wandei.

Naizvozvo, Jaruzelski ari vaidavira kuti pakatanga mauto eSoviet ane zvikuru zvakaipa kwete chete nokuda nyika yake asi kuti nyika yose, ndakaedza kutaurirana vairatidzira. Poland kuti Soviet Union yakanga nyika inokosha chaizvo, zvose munharaunda yakakura uye zvematongerwo enyika, saka vokuSoviet vaida kupinda mariri kuponesa hurumende yake, uye izvi, maererano musoro kuPoland, akanga hwakazara kwete chete yemunyika, asiwo War World.

"Voytseh Yaruzelsky uye Hondo Yemashoko" - ichi ndicho nyaya yemberi kutsvakurudza Vanyori uye masayendisiti enyika, asi zviri pachena kuti akanga asingadi izvozvo, uye saka vakaedza kuwana rugare kugadzirisa. Asi Nhaurirano havana zvakatungamirira zvakakodzera zvabuda, uye aifanira kubvumirana kunhaka ose nevanhu nesarudzo.

Muna 1989, sarudzo dzakaitwa muna Diet, uye nzvimbo President pamwe chete kukwikwidza - Jaruzelski. Sezvo akanga ari President kwePoland, asi kuti zvinetso kwePoland asingagoni mugore. Muna 1990 apedza nguva yake, akabvuma kuti ive ine utongi hwegutsaruzhinji sarudzo uye vanofanira kugamuchira havana kubatanidzwa. Akamira "Zvinoita sokuti" 9 nemakore, nguva yake yakanga yakawanda nematambudziko, akaedza kupedza nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, asi kune vakawanda Poles rakava "chiso" wounovengwa utongi.

Life pashure simba

A yakawanda anobaya mwoyo nguva Biography rinotsanangura Yaruzelskogo Voytseha, asi mushure yokurega hwake hwachinja: kubva basa guru uye basa hapana chakasara. Mazuva yakafukidza murunyararo uye chinyararire. Leh Valensa, kusiyana kwavo "nevamwe" kubva dzimwe nyika dzaimbova mugovanisi, haana kudzingirira yaimbova musoro kwePoland, kunyange vanhu ichi aida chaizvo. Jaruzelski wakasuduruka kushingaira upenyu paruzhinji. Asi munhu haana kupa zororo kuna Poles, mapato akawanda akaedza kumuisa kuna anoruramisira vakaurayiwa crackdown. Uye muna 2007, pashure zvose dare vakatanga kubata hondo mhosva Jaruzelski uye vasere neshamwari dzake. The zvekufamba akanga refu kwazvo, uye muna 2011 dare vakasarudza kuti aendese mhosva aimbova musoro muPoland nokuda kwake utano ezvinhu.

Titles uye mibayiro

Paakararama kwenguva refu Wojciech Jaruzelski Witold akagamuchira zvakawanda mibayiro. Ndiye wokuzvikudza pamabasa ake nemauto: sezvakarayirwa Military Valor, michinjikwa maviri akashinga, hurongwa "kwoMuchinjikwa Grunwald". Uyezve, akanga paakavapa vakawanda awards of USSR uye dzimwe mugovanisi nyika.

Muna 2006 akanga paakavapa ari Order "Cross vakatapwa" mukugadzirwa izvo Jaruzelski vati akafara kuti President Leh Kachinsky akakwanisa kukunda kutsvetera kare. Izvi akakonzera resonance zvikuru munzanga. Mutungamiri uyu akati, kuti wakarurama haaoni zita Jaruzelski ari pamazita awardees, kana iye akasaina chirevo. Uye achigumburwa Wojciech shure mubayiro.

Jaruzelski kwaitsigirwa kusvika pachinzvimbo chevatatu General of Army, hapana honorary okuremekedza uye Medals, haana kupa pachake panguva yake yokutonga.

upenyu Personal

Voytseh Yaruzelsky, ane upenyu pachake aigara kufarira Poles, haana kupa chero chikonzero makuhwa uye wokupomera. Iye kubva 1960 akaroorwa Barbara Jaruzelski, vaviri aiva mwanasikana, Monica akakurira muzukurukomana. Zvaiita kuti munhu wose ari mumhuri yake chete zvakakwana. Asi muna 2014 imwe mhosva kwakatanga. -Makore 84 mukadzi akapomera Jaruzelski-nemakore 90 chokuita muchipatara mukoti uye anoenda kuna pakudimurisa kurambana. Akati kuti varambana haribvumirani. Development ari chigumbuso haana kuitika nokuda rufu Aimbova purezidhendi.

Rufu uye Memory

May 25, 2014 Voytseh Yaruzelsky, vane mufananidzo kwakaonekwa zvose nhau yenyika, afa. Vasati kuti, akatambura mumwe sitiroko, uye kutsungirira acho, vanachiremba havana kukwanisa. President makavigwa pamwe zvizere muchiuto inokudza, pane imwe mhemberero wakapindwa vaimbova President Polish Leh Valensa uye Aleksander Kwasniewski. Jaruzelski akavigwa necropolis nemasoja Polish, izvo zvakagumbura Poles zhinji. In ndangariro vomunyika Voytseh Yaruzelsky anoramba anenge mudzvinyiriri, asi iye chaizvoizvo akaedza kutsvaka pakati nepakati zvokunze chiito uye dzimwe kuzvipokanidza munyika. Zvino zvishoma nezvishoma zvinova vachiziva kuti Poland, pamwe Jaruzelski rombo rakanaka kuti haana kubvumira pokugadzwa munhu akaoma aifarira-Soviet kumanikidza hurumende.

mashoko

Voytseh Yaruzelsky kweRussia nguva dzose vakataura zvikuru ushamwari. Akanga asiri mutsigiri hurumende Soviet haina wepachokwadi mudziviriri chiKomonizimu asi kune Russian vanhu upenyu kubatwa nokupisa. Akati kuti "kutapwa Altai achinja maonero aaiita Russian." Voytseh Yaruzelsky, akatorwa kubva kutaura, izvo nhasi inowanikwa enyika mumagwaro, akati kuti "chisarudzo kumanikidza mutemo wechiuto vachanzi yakarembera hana yake kusvikira pakuguma kwemazuva." Ndiye zvikuru kuziva pakagumira kwokuomerwa yezviito zvavo. "Handizivi kuneta ruregerero chinhu chakanga chakaipa," - akati Jaruzelski.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Voytseh Yaruzelsky yakanga ine akanaka murume, zvose hwake akaramba akatendeka kuna anokudzwa bumbiro rukudzo. Panguva yokutonga kwake, haana kubvuma chero vokuPoland mibayiro, kunze muchiuto, kunofanira kuyeukwa Medals. Haana kutorwa chero pamisara uye mazita, kunyange upenyu hwake aiva nomwero zvikuru. Dzinenge nguva dzose Jaruzelski akaenda rima magirazi, uhwo vanhu vaiti kwaari utsinye zhinji, asi mhaka kwaiva kukuvara munguva kutapwa Altai. Iye zvakakwana akataura Russian, haana kunwa, verenga yakawanda uye aifungawo chaizvo munhu.