Rusaruraganda: kuti pfungwa iyi nhasi?

MuUnited States, kusvikira ichangopfuura, pakanga kuparadzana chena vakawanda, vatema uye maIndia, vanonzi rusaruraganda. Tsanangudzo Fani iyi zvakanaka achishandisa yaro zviri pamutemo uye ndeechokwadi zvinhu.

nyaya nhoroondo

Panguva iyoyo vari vomurayiro vakatanga muna 1865 mushure pamutemo kurambidzwa kwouranda mu America. The akakurumbira rechi13 Amendment unorambidza uranda uye panguva imwecheteyo kwepamutemo ariko yoga Negro zvikoro, zvitoro, uye muzvikamu zvechiuto.

In United States iri pakutanga XX remakore nhevedzano mitemo panguva iyoyo dzinza Japanese, akadai "Act kuti asava vokuAsia" akaita izvozvo anenge zvisingaiti kuwana US citizenship navo rakazoshandiswa.

Household panguva iyoyo

Munzvimbo mararamiro haana kuchinja kwemakumi emakore, vanhu vemarudzi akasiyana-siyana vane dzinozivikanwa selilos dziri kwadzo dzoga nepedyo. Saka, muna dzakawanda mumaguta pakutanga vakasimuka mhuri panguva iyoyo. Chii ichi nzira inogona kutsanangurwa nomuenzaniso New York, uko munhoroondo yose ivepo kuumbwa kwadzo Negro, Chinese, Japanese nharaunda.

Household panguva iyoyo kunoda dzakawanda. Somuenzaniso, wakaparadzaniswa dzidzo vatema nevachena muUnited States dzakapfuura makore anopfuura zana. Wokutanga Kurambidza pamutemo musi panguva iyoyo muzvikoro rakagamuchirwa dzakawanda US rinoti, chete muna 1954, uye muna pachake hwake aine yezviri kwakaita chena vemo.

Same shata Fani kwave kurambidza vakavhengana michato "chena" uye "mavara". Vana kuroorana kwakadaro vainyombwa zvikuru uye kutyisidzirwa. Kazhinji havadi kutora nokudzidziswa uye zvikoro Negro, uye zvikoro nevachena.

Nyaya Army ...

The epamutemo hwaro panguva iyoyo iri US Army panguva zvemitemo pamwero dzakaiswa muna 1792. pamusoro varwi Act unotaura kuti kushumira kugona chete "vakasununguka akagwinya chena munhurume." Chete muna 1863 zvakatanga chakarongwa muitiro kuti muchiuto kuti vechitema. Uye negros akashumira dzakasiyana, apo kunyange mukuru nzvimbo inogarwa nevachena. Vari rusarura kana mabasa asiri basa mukuru nemapoka uyewo awarding pamusoro Medals uye zvinoratidza musiyano.

Kusvikira 50-ies yacho XX remakore mamiriro ezvinhu ari muuto kuchinja. Separate hwokutiparadza mabasa, kurambidza kubatanidzwa ruvengo, nerusaruraganda awarding okuremekedza - zvose izvi hondo panguva iyoyo. Kuti Fani iyi nebumbiro nguva kunyatsodzurwa, zvakava pachena chete pashure kuitwa pakati 1964 Civil Rights Act.

Mamiriro ezvinhu

panguva iyoyo matambudziko uye nhasi kuramba zvikuru akakodzera. Mushumo Professor paHarvard University , Gary Orfilda 2006 yakati kuti zvinenge zvose nebudiriro American muvanhu, akavonga izvo kunyatsodzurwa panguva iyoyo vave akarasika mumakore gumi apfuura. Chii ichi zvinoreva iri riripo ezvinhu, zviri nyore kunzwisisa, mundotarisisa mepu, iyo unoratidzwa pamusoro dzinza stratification muUnited States zvichienderana nzvimbo dzokugara.

Rakanyorwa pachishandiswa pamusoro pasipoti Data vagari anoverengeka gumi nembiri inoti, mepu idzi dzinopa kutarisana cherudo nokuvapo chakakomba nevatengi panguva iyoyo. Kunyanya, kwasviba-ganda madhorobha nevanhu Detroit, St. Louis, Birmingham anoramba agadzirise aparadzane kubva chena.

Munewo pakatarisana maonero, maererano izvo United States zviri pachena vakawanda kuitika nokuda yakawiriranwa kusangana kwevanhu. Mumakore 10 apfuura, rusaruraganda yadzikira ose makuru US maguta.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti sarudzo nekuda pambiru US President Baraka Obamy African-American akabvumira kuti kuderedza Fani kwakadaro unonyadzisa sezvo panguva iyoyo. Ichi chinoshamisa mu American muvanhu rakada ndokutsika kunze, akazivisa nomushumo nezvoupfumi Edvarda Glauzera rokuHarvard University uye Iakova Vigdora pamusoro Duke University.

Pakudzidza, rinoti kuti muna 2010, "matema ghettos" inogarwa 20 chete% of dema vanhu America, nepo nhamba iyi yakasvika 50% muna 1960. Zvisinei, ukuru kusangana mu mikuru US mumaguta hadzisi chete, uye vanhu muAtlanta, Houston, Dallas uye zvakawanda Integrated pane muNew York. Maguta 13 pamwe soro inorwara African America New York kunoratidza mudukusa nechido kusangana "ruvara". Pasinei zvose zviripo kuvimbika chirongwa, zvazvinosarira zvikuru zvakaparadzaniswa mumaguta US.