Nhoroondo yeBhokisi: maitiro, mazuva anokosha uye avo vakanakisa mabhokisi

Nhoroondo yebhokisi yakabva mumunguva yekare. Kunyangwe muEgypt, pamifananidzo yekununurwa, mumapako eSumerian, iyo nguva iyo inotsanangurwa neasayendisiti vemazuva anopfuura makumi maviri, zvitatu zvemakore BC. E., vakawana mifananidzo ye fisticuffs. Munguva yezvokuchera matongo muIraq kwakakomberedza guta reBaghdad, mifananidzo yekare yezvigaro zvehondo yakawanikwawo. Pane humwe humwe uchapupu hwokuti kunyange mumazuva iwayo kupesana kwakange kuripo muGreece yekare uye muUmambo hweRoma.

Bhokisi: nhoroondo yezvakabva

Muna 668, zvikwangwani zvakabatanidzwa mumitambo yeOlympic muGreece yekare. Kubva panguva ino zvinogona kufungwa kuti rudzi urwu rwehondo imwe chete rwaionekwa semutambo. Varwi vaigona kungove vakasununguka vaGiriki. Fisticuff kurwisana kwaizivikanwa kwazvo, yaifungwa somuenzaniso weushingi, simba, agility, nekukurumidza. Vanyori, vanyori, uye vatongi vakapinda mazviri. Somuenzaniso, munhu wose anozivikanwa naPythagoras, uyo ane kodzero dzinofungidzirwa yakawanda yezvakawanikwa zvemasvomhu, aivewo murwi akanaka kwazvo uye kazhinji akabatanidzwa mukukwikwidza mitezo.

Mitemo yehondo yekare

Mitemo yehondo yakashanduka nekufamba kwenguva. Mumazuva iwayo zvakatendwa kuti zvaigona kuitika mumusoro chete, maoko okudzivirirwa akanga akaputirwa mumakumbo echikwata, kurwisana kwaiva nehasha kwazvo, kukunda kunoshamisa kweimwe yekutambudza, uye nhamba yekutenderera yakanga isingatauri. Kurwisana kwakadaro kwakaguma mukuputika kwakanyanya uye rufu. Iko kune ruzivo pamusoro pezvakaitika mumunda wekare weGreece wemakore iwayo - Teagene. Nhoroondo yebhokisi inotaura kuti yakabatanidzwa muhondo dzinopfuura 2 000, uye yakauraya vavengi 1 800 panguva imwe chete.

Kwemazana emakore, zvidimbu zviduku zveganda zvekugumburwa kwemaoko zvakashanduka zvakanyanya kugadzikana, uye zvakare mavari akaonekwa semhangura uye simbi inowedzera. Vakanga vachishandiswa nevatambi muUmambo hweRoma uye vakashumira kwete kungodzivirira maoko avo, asiwo vakavashandura kuva zvombo zvinoshamisa. Izvi ndizvo zvakaitwa nemaoko evafighters vakaputirwa muhondo ye gladiatorial.

Nhoroondo yebhokisikudziridza

Nhoroondo yekumhanya kwemazuva ano yakabatana zvikuru neEngland. Iyi nyika ndiyo baba vemutambo uyu. Kutanga kutaurwa kwokutanga kwechiitiko chakaitwa nebhokisi chakabva muna 1681. Kuchenesa mitemo kwakanga kusina kusimbiswa mumazuva iwayo, vakabvumirana zvisati zvaitika hondo isati yasvika, mutongi akagadzwa, uyo anokunda akakomborerwa kubva mubhokisi yehofisi yehondo. Hapana kuyerwa uye nguva yezvinetso zvaivepo. Vakarwa vasina magirafu, vakarova misoro yavo, mapepa, makumbo, zvipfeko. Chaizvoizvo chaiva hondo yakasimba.

Mukurumbira James Figg uye mudzidzi wake Jack Broughton

Muna 1719, James Figg naNed Saton vakasangana pa duel. Uyo anokunda aiva Figg. Uye akapiwa zita remhare. Chinyorwa chepakutanga pasi pezita iro chakanga chisipo. Panguva yaFikig, bhomba rakave rakanyanya kufarirwa. Champion akanyora nyaya mumusangano wevanhu uye akataura pamusoro pekudzivirira mabhodhi ekurwisa nekudzivirira. Akatanga kuumba mitemo yekutanga. Maererano navo, mauto aigona kupedza muvengi mupfungwa yakaipisisa yezwi, achivhuna makumbo nemaoko, achimanikidza maziso avo. Mumakumbo ebhokisi revarwi vevarwi, misumpi yakasungirirwa nayo iyo yaigona kurova gumbo remuvengi munguva yehondo. Idzi dzaive zviitiko zvekutyisa zvechokwadi. Fikig akagadzira Academy yeBo Boxing muna 1722, kwaakadzidzisa rudzi urwu rwekurwa kwevaya vose.

Jack Broughton akava mudzidzi weFikg. Muna 1743 vakapiwa mitemo yekutanga yebhokisi. Magirafu akaiswa kushandiswa, makwikwi akatanga mumhete, pfungwa yekutenderera yakaonekwa.

Mitemo yeMarquis yeQueensberry

Nhoroondo yebhokisi yakagadzirwa kwemazana emakore, ichichinja. Muna 1867, mitemo mitsva yakatangwa, yakashandura zvakanyanya mufambiro webhokisi. Vakanyoreswa mu "Mitemo yeMarquis yeQueensberry." Vanoisa mitemo yakasimba pamusoro pezviito zvevarwi, vanogadzirisa zviito zvavo, vachidzivisa kushandiswa kwehombodo nemisungo, zvinotenderwa kumativi ose zvakatangwa nekanguva yemaminitsi matatu, mazhenje akaiswa, zvikwata, mabvi, asfixiation. Kana mubheji wacho achiwa, mutongi anoverenga kwemaminitsi gumi. Kana panguva ino mubhodha asina kumutswa - mutongi anogona kuverenga kuti akunde. Kugunzva rhete rwemabvi kana kubatisisa kumabote kwakatanga kuonekwa sekuwa kwebhokisi. Mimwe mitemo iyi inoramba ichirara pamwoyo wemazuva ano.

The bout pakati paJames John Corbett naJohn Lawrence Sullivan muna 1892 inonzi ndiro zuva rekuzvarwa kwemazuva ano. Kubvira panguva iyoyo muUnited States nedzimwe nyika yakatanga kuonekwa masangano ehurumende mubhokisi. Vakatumidzwazve kakawanda, kunyange zvazvo chimiro chavo chisina kuchinja panguva imwe chete. Iko zvino yava kunzi World Boxing Organization.

Nhoroondo yebhokisi muRussia

MuRussia yekare vakada kuyera simba ravo, kwaivawo nehondo yehondo uye ruoko-to-hand kurwa. Nyaya dzakawanda dzomuRussia dzinotaura nezvehondo nea heroes Ilya Muromets, Alyosha Popovich naDobrynia Nikitich. Iyo mubvunzo we simba ravo rinoshamisa. Muhupenyu chaihwo huri kurwisana kwaivewo, apo varwi vemauto vakanga vachienzaniswa nechisimba pamwe chete, kazhinji kwaiva nehondo "kumadziro kumadziro", apo vanhu vanoverengeka vakapinda kamwechete kubva kune rumwe rutivi.

Chechi yeOrthodox haina kubvumira rudzi urwu rwezvivaraidzo, uye kurwisana nemaoko kunowanzorambidzwa. Pasi paIvan iyo inotyisa uye gare gare, pasi pePeter Mukuru, kubhota mune chero zvipi zvayo zvakapinda munyika, kusangana neEngland uye tsika yavo yaisagona kuenda pasina. Muna 1894 Michael Kister akabudisa bhuku pamutauro weChirungu. Musi waJuly 15, 1895 ndiyo yaiva yekutanga yepamutemo. Ndiyo zuva rinofungidzirwa kuti ndiro zuva rekuberekwa kwebhokisi muRussia.

Vane bhokisi rakanakisisa munhoroondo yebhokisi

Nyanzvi dzinowanzopopotedzana pakati pavo, ndeupi wevarikiti pane imwe nhanho inomiririra pane zvakakodzera. Nhoroondo yebhokisi ine midzi yayo kare kare, saka kune vazhinji vakakura varwi. Vamwe vavo vakatototaurwa kare. Kana tichitaura nezvemahombekombe emazuva ano makumi maviri nemazana makumi maviri nemazana maviri nemashanu, ipapo nhamba yevashandi vekambani maererano nenyanzvi ndeyotevera.

• Joe Louis. America, anonzi ndiye anonyanya kubhadhara mari munyika yose munhoroondo yebhokisi. Akakunda 72 kupamba, uye kurasikirwa 3 bedzi. Aionekwa sechinhu chinonzi hero uye chiratidzo chenyika.
• Zvimwe chokwadi zvinopesana kuita nharo iyi uye inopikisa kuti bhokisi rakanakisisa iSuar Ray Robinson. Kwaari kune ma173 kukundwa, 19 kukundwa. Izvi zvinopesana, pakuwedzera pakuva nesimba guru, kutsungirira, vachiri kuimba nekudzvosa zvakakwana.
• Mohammed Ali. 56 kukunda, 5 kukunda. Nzira yakanakisisa yebhosi yehondo inowanzoitika inowanzotaurwa kune uyu murwi. Nharo dzakawanda dzenhema dzine mazita. Mohamed Ali, mukuwedzera pakurwa, akabatanidzwa mune zvematongerwo enyika enyika, akataura nezvepasina hondo muVietnam. Pamabasa ake achipikisa hurumende akaiswa mujeri. Asi paakasunungurwa, akanga agadzirirazve kurwa.
• Henry Amstrong. 150 anokunda, 21 kukundwa. Basa rake rakanga risina kubudirira kwazvo, asi ipapo akakwira akakwira mugomo. Paiva nenguva munguva yehondo dzake, apo akakunda muhondo 27 mumutsara. Nyaya idzi dzekukunda dzinonzwisiswa sezvakanakisisa munhau yebhokisi.
• Jack Johnson. 80 kukundwa, 13 kukunda. An African American. Akanga ane shumiro yakanakisisa yekurwisana, iyo vadzivisi vaisagona kutomboona, zvichizoitika, kakawanda, akakunda kukunda mumwe nemumwe kwemakore gumi. Jack Johnson aiva zvechokwadi mukuru mubhokisi.
• Mike Tyson. 50 kukunda, 6 kukunda. Kuzivikanwa kwake hakuna ruzivo. Uyu murwisana akatotora Guinness Book of Records nokuda kwekugogodza kunokurumidza munyika. Simba rake nekukurumidza hazvina kuziva. Uyu murwisi aifungidzirwa sehupenyu hwemweya. Pamusoro pake unoenda nhamba yakawanda yezvinhu zvinoshamisa uye zvechokwadi, somuenzaniso, pamusoro pekunge avhara nzeve kune muvengi. Mike Tyson muhupenyu hwake uye akabata, uye akanga ari mujeri. Upenyu hwake hwega hunoitawo nguva dzose. Mhuri mitatu yepamutemo. Mike Tyson ane vana vanobva kumhuri imwe neimwe, pamwe chete nevana vaviri vasina mvumo.

Urongwa urwu runogona kuenderera mberi uye mberi. Vakawanda vanogadzira mabhomba vakarova nyika nesimba ravo risati ravapo rekuda kukunda uye simba guru.

Nhoroondo ye Thai Boxing

Kune maitiro akasiyana-siyana mubhokisi: pane unyanzvi, semiprofessional, amateur, French boxing. Iye zvino, pamusoro wekuzivikanwa kwayo muRussia Thai boxing. Kunyangwe akazosvika kunyika yedu chaiyo pamagumo ezana remakore rechi20. Kubvira ipapo, kukurumidza kwake kukura muRussia kwaenda, kwakaonekwa zvikoro zveBhoiland boxing, iyo Thai Boxing Federation. Muna 1994, vatambi vakarovedzwa vakakunda mitambo mitatu yenyika pamakwikwi enyika.

Thai boxing is still called free. Iyo inobvumira punchi kwete chete nemakumbo mumagetsi, asiwo nemakumbo nemakumbo. Parizvino inofungidzirwa chimwe chetsinye chinonyanyisa kurwisana.

Nhoroondo yeThailand boxing yakatanga makore anopfuura zviuru zviviri akapfuura. Umambo hweThailand hwakawanzofanira kurwisana nevakunda muhondo yakapoteredza, uye mauto akadzidziswa unyanzvi uye mazano ekurwa. Hondo yekutanga yehurumende yeThai boxing yakaitwa muna 1788.

Kubva muna 1921, mitemo yakawanda yakave yakatangwa nokuda kwehondo. Yakave yakadikanwa kupfeka magorofu, hondo dzakatanga kubatwa pazvindori zvakakosha, kubva panguva iyo hondo yakatanga kuva nenguva yekukwanisa, mazhenje kusvika kumvura yakarambidzwa , kuparadzaniswa nehuwandu hwakaonekwa.

Uye saizvozvo kubva pakati pezana remakore rechi20, kuvepa bhokisi reThai kwakatanga kupararira uye kukunda mukurumbira munyika yose. Paiva neshamwari dzepasi pose. Mitikwi yenyika mumutambo uyu, makwikwi eEurope anogara achiitwa.

Bhokisiji ndeimwe yemitambo inodhura zvikuru

Hondo inodhura zvikuru munhoroondo yebhokisi yakaitwa muLas Vegas munaMay 2015. Pamusoro pemabatanidzwa akaungana pamwe "nhoroondo mbiri," iyo isina kufanira Floyd Mayweather, anonzi America, uye Manny Pacquiao, wokuFhilippines. Varongorori vanobatsirwa kubva muchiitiko ichi chemadhora emadhora mazana mana kusvika kuzana mazana mashanu, zvigaro zvevamwe matikiti zvakasvika kusvika ku100 kusvika kuzana mazana mashanu emadhora. Iyi inenge yehuwandu hwebatsiro pamashoko ehurumende, iyo mari yakawanikwa muhondo iyi muchokwadi - inoramba ichifungidzira chete. Mayuer yakapiwa mamiriyoni zana emadhora emadhora, uye maPhilippines makumi emamiriyoni makumi matanhatu emadhora madhora. Munhoroondo yose yebhokisi, hakuna munhu akambopiwa mari yakadai. Mukuru wepamusoro muchengeti wenyika munyika haana kuvhiringidza vateveri vake uye akawana kukunda kwakasimba mumutambo uyu. Kunyange zvazvo maererano nevatariri vakawanda, kurwisana pachako kwakanga kusiri kunoshamisa.

Bhoksi haisi yemutambo chete, nokuti vazhinji ndiwo hupenyu hwose!

Bhokisi revatambi vakawanda nevataridzi haisi mutambo chete, ndehupenyu hwose! Muchikwata ichi varwi vanoratidzira simba rehupenyu hwavo, hutano, kuda kukuru kukunda.